scholarly journals Anticipatory Activity of Motor Cortex in Relation to Rhythmic Whisking

2006 ◽  
Vol 95 (2) ◽  
pp. 1274-1277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wendy A. Friedman ◽  
Lauren M. Jones ◽  
Nathan P. Cramer ◽  
Ernest E. Kwegyir-Afful ◽  
H. Philip Zeigler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Motor Cortex ◽  
Central Pattern Generator ◽  
Local Field ◽  
Local Field Potentials ◽  
Pattern Generator ◽  
Field Potentials ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Free Exploration ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Anticipatory Activity

Rats characteristically generate stereotyped exploratory (5–12 Hz) whisker movements, which can also be adaptively modulated. Here we tested the hypothesis that the vibrissal representation in motor cortex (vMCx) initiates and modulates whisking by acting on a subcortical whisking central pattern generator (CPG). We recorded local field potentials (LFPs) in vMCx of behaving Sprague-Dawley rats while monitoring whisking behavior through mystacial electromyograms (EMGs). Recordings were made during free exploration, under body restraint, or in a head-fixed animal. LFP activity increased significantly prior to the onset of a whisking epoch and ended prior to the epoch's termination. In addition, shifts in whisking kinematics within a whisk epoch were often reflected in changes in LFP activity. These data support the hypothesis that vMCx may initiate and modulate whisking behavior through its action on a subcortical CPG.

scholarly journals Altered Emotional Phenotypes in Chronic Kidney Disease Following 5/6 Nephrectomy

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 882
Author(s):  
Yeon Hee Yu ◽  
Seong-Wook Kim ◽  
Dae-Kyoon Park ◽  
Ho-Yeon Song ◽  
Duk-Soo Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Local Field ◽  
Smooth Muscle Actin ◽  
Local Field Potentials ◽  
Renal Tissue ◽  
Field Potentials ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Rat Models

Increased prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and neurological disorders including cerebrovascular disease, cognitive impairment, peripheral neuropathy, and dysfunction of central nervous system have been reported during the natural history of CKD. Psychological distress and depression are serious concerns in patients with CKD. However, the relevance of CKD due to decline in renal function and the pathophysiology of emotional deterioration is not clear. Male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into three groups: sham control, 5/6 nephrectomy at 4 weeks, and 5/6 nephrectomy at 10 weeks. Behavior tests, local field potentials, and histology and laboratory tests were conducted and investigated. We provided direct evidence showing that CKD rat models exhibited anxiogenic behaviors and depression-like phenotypes, along with altered hippocampal neural oscillations at 1–12 Hz. We generated CKD rat models by performing 5/6 nephrectomy, and identified higher level of serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) in CKD rats than in wild-type, depending on time. In addition, the level of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and collagen I for renal tissue was markedly elevated, with worsening fibrosis due to renal failures. The level of anxiety and depression-like behaviors increased in the 10-week CKD rat models compared with the 4-week rat models. In the recording of local field potentials, the power of delta (1–4 Hz), theta (4–7 Hz), and alpha rhythm (7–12 Hz) was significantly increased in the hippocampus of CKD rats compared with wild-type rats. Together, our findings indicated that anxiogenic behaviors and depression can be induced by CKD, and these abnormal symptoms can be worsened as the onset of CKD was prolonged. In conclusion, our results show that the hippocampus is vulnerable to uremia.

Force decoding using local field potentials in primary motor cortex: PLS or Kalman filter regression?

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 175-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nargess Heydari Beni ◽  
Reza Foodeh ◽  
Vahid Shalchyan ◽  
Mohammad Reza Daliri
Keyword(s):  
Kalman Filter ◽  
Motor Cortex ◽  
Local Field ◽  
Primary Motor Cortex ◽  
Local Field Potentials ◽  
Field Potentials

scholarly journals Local field potentials in primate motor cortex encode grasp kinetic parameters

NeuroImage ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 114 ◽  
pp. 338-355 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomislav Milekovic ◽  
Wilson Truccolo ◽  
Sonja Grün ◽  
Alexa Riehle ◽  
Thomas Brochier
Keyword(s):  
Motor Cortex ◽  
Kinetic Parameters ◽  
Local Field ◽  
Local Field Potentials ◽  
Field Potentials

scholarly journals Reward Expectation Modulates Local Field Potentials, Spiking Activity and Spike-Field Coherence in the Primary Motor Cortex

eNeuro ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. ENEURO.0178-19.2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junmo An ◽  
Taruna Yadav ◽  
John P. Hessburg ◽  
Joseph T. Francis
Keyword(s):  
Motor Cortex ◽  
Local Field ◽  
Primary Motor Cortex ◽  
Local Field Potentials ◽  
Field Potentials ◽  
Field Coherence ◽  
Spiking Activity

scholarly journals Single-unit activity, threshold crossings, and local field potentials in motor cortex differentially encode reach kinematics

2015 ◽  
Vol 114 (3) ◽  
pp. 1500-1512 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sagi Perel ◽  
Patrick T. Sadtler ◽  
Emily R. Oby ◽  
Stephen I. Ryu ◽  
Elizabeth C. Tyler-Kabara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Motor Cortex ◽  
Local Field ◽  
Unit Activity ◽  
Single Unit ◽  
Primary Motor Cortex ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Local Field Potentials ◽  
Single Unit Activity ◽  
Field Potentials ◽  
Threshold Crossing

A diversity of signals can be recorded with extracellular electrodes. It remains unclear whether different signal types convey similar or different information and whether they capture the same or different underlying neural phenomena. Some researchers focus on spiking activity, while others examine local field potentials, and still others posit that these are fundamentally the same signals. We examined the similarities and differences in the information contained in four signal types recorded simultaneously from multielectrode arrays implanted in primary motor cortex: well-isolated action potentials from putative single units, multiunit threshold crossings, and local field potentials (LFPs) at two distinct frequency bands. We quantified the tuning of these signal types to kinematic parameters of reaching movements. We found 1) threshold crossing activity is not a proxy for single-unit activity; 2) when examined on individual electrodes, threshold crossing activity more closely resembles LFP activity at frequencies between 100 and 300 Hz than it does single-unit activity; 3) when examined across multiple electrodes, threshold crossing activity and LFP integrate neural activity at different spatial scales; and 4) LFP power in the “beta band” (between 10 and 40 Hz) is a reliable indicator of movement onset but does not encode kinematic features on an instant-by-instant basis. These results show that the diverse signals recorded from extracellular electrodes provide somewhat distinct and complementary information. It may be that these signal types arise from biological phenomena that are partially distinct. These results also have practical implications for harnessing richer signals to improve brain-machine interface control.

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