SCO-ping Out the Mechanisms Underlying the Etiology of Hydrocephalus

Physiology ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael S. Huh ◽  
Matthew A. M. Todd ◽  
David J. Picketts
Keyword(s):  
Disease Gene ◽  
Subcommissural Organ ◽  
Clinical Problem ◽  
Gene Identification ◽  
Transgenic Mouse Models ◽  
Heterogeneous Nature ◽  
And Function ◽  
Identification And Characterization ◽  
Common Clinical Problem

The heterogeneous nature of congenital hydrocephalus has hampered our understanding of the molecular basis of this common clinical problem. However, disease gene identification and characterization of multiple transgenic mouse models has highlighted the importance of the subcommissural organ (SCO) and the ventricular ependymal (vel) cells. Here, we review how altered development and function of the SCO and vel cells contributes to hydrocephalus.

Gene Identification and Characterization of 5-Formyl-3-Hydroxy-2-Methylpyridine 4-Carboxylic Acid 5-Dehydrogenase, an NAD+-Dependent Dismutase

2009 ◽  
Vol 145 (4) ◽  
pp. 493-503 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Yokochi ◽  
Y. Yoshikane ◽  
S. Matsumoto ◽  
M. Fujisawa ◽  
K. Ohnishi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carboxylic Acid ◽  
Gene Identification ◽  
Identification And Characterization

scholarly journals Postgenomic Scan of Metallo-β-Lactamase Homologues in Rhizobacteria: Identification and Characterization of BJP-1, a Subclass B3 Ortholog from Bradyrhizobium japonicum

2006 ◽  
Vol 50 (6) ◽  
pp. 1973-1981 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magdalena Stoczko ◽  
Jean-Marie Frère ◽  
Gian Maria Rossolini ◽  
Jean-Denis Docquier
Keyword(s):  
Bradyrhizobium Japonicum ◽  
Catalytic Efficiency ◽  
Open Reading Frames ◽  
Human Pathogens ◽  
Microbial Genomes ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
And Function ◽  
Identification And Characterization

ABSTRACT The diffusion of metallo-β-lactamases (MBLs) among clinically important human pathogens represents a therapeutic issue of increasing importance. However, the origin of these resistance determinants is largely unknown, although an important number of proteins belonging to the MBL superfamily have been identified in microbial genomes. In this work, we analyzed the distribution and function of genes encoding MBL-like proteins in the class Rhizobiales. Among 12 released complete genomes of members of the class Rhizobiales, a total of 57 open reading frames (ORFs) were found to have the MBL conserved motif and identity scores with MBLs ranging from 8 to 40%. On the basis of the best identity scores with known MBLs, four ORFs were cloned into Escherichia coli for heterologous expression. Among their products, one (blr6230) encoded by the Bradyrhizobium japonicum USDA110 genome, named BJP-1, hydrolyzed β-lactams when expressed in E. coli. BJP-1 enzyme is most closely related to the CAU-1 enzyme from Caulobacter vibrioides (40% amino acid sequence identity), a member of subclass B3 MBLs. A kinetic analysis revealed that BJP-1 efficiently hydrolyzed most β-lactam substrates, except aztreonam, ticarcillin, and temocillin, with the highest catalytic efficiency measured with meropenem. Compared to other MBLs, BJP-1 was less sensitive to inactivation by chelating agents.

Identification and Characterization of the Miniature Pig Huntington's Disease Gene Homolog: Evidence for Conservation and Polymorphism in the CAG Triplet Repeat

Genomics ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noriko Matsuyama ◽  
Shinji Hadano ◽  
Kyuichiro Onoe ◽  
Hitoshi Osuga ◽  
Junko Showguchi-Miyata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Huntington's Disease ◽  
Huntington’S Disease ◽  
Disease Gene ◽  
Triplet Repeat ◽  
Miniature Pig ◽  
Identification And Characterization

scholarly journals Recent Advances in the Discovery and Function of Antimicrobial Molecules in Platelets

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (19) ◽  
pp. 10230
Author(s):  
Alba S. Aquino-Domínguez ◽  
María de los A. Romero-Tlalolini ◽  
Honorio Torres-Aguilar ◽  
Sergio R. Aguilar-Ruiz
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Human Platelets ◽  
Rabbit Serum ◽  
Functional Evaluation ◽  
Host Defense Peptides ◽  
Vascular Integrity ◽  
Activated Platelets ◽  
And Function ◽  
Identification And Characterization

The conventional function described for platelets is maintaining vascular integrity. Nevertheless, increasing evidence reveals that platelets can additionally play a crucial role in responding against microorganisms. Activated platelets release molecules with antimicrobial activity. This ability was first demonstrated in rabbit serum after coagulation and later in rabbit platelets stimulated with thrombin. Currently, multiple discoveries have allowed the identification and characterization of PMPs (platelet microbicidal proteins) and opened the way to identify kinocidins and CHDPs (cationic host defense peptides) in human platelets. These molecules are endowed with microbicidal activity through different mechanisms that broaden the platelet participation in normal and pathologic conditions. Therefore, this review aims to integrate the currently described platelet molecules with antimicrobial properties by summarizing the pathways towards their identification, characterization, and functional evaluation that have promoted new avenues for studying platelets based on kinocidins and CHDPs secretion.

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