Peroxisomes: new aspects of cell physiology and biochemistry.

1977 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 816-882 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Masters ◽  
R Holmes
Keyword(s):  
Cell Physiology ◽  
Physiology And Biochemistry

scholarly journals Highlight on fusing multiple chromosomes in yeast into a single chromosome

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenfa Ng
Keyword(s):  
Cell Viability ◽  
Genetic Information ◽  
Significant Loss ◽  
Cell Physiology ◽  
Chromosome Research ◽  
Single Chromosome ◽  
Biochemical Processes ◽  
Cellular Physiology ◽  
Physiology And Biochemistry ◽  
Chromosome Level

Multiple biological mysteries remain in the definition and organization of genetic information into different chromosomes. Up to now, genome architecture at the chromosome level remain enigmatic concerning the reasons why evolution and natural selection arranged genetic information in separate segments in eukaryotic cells as compared to the single chromosome in the prokaryotic world. Specifically, one important unresolved question has been the role of chromosomes in cellular physiology and biochemical processes. By deleting the centromere and telomere regions of different chromosomes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and fusing the different chromosomes into one chromosome, research reported by Shao and coworkers in Nature revealed the technical possibility of concatenating all genetic information into one segment. Furthermore, cell viability assays revealed that there was no significant loss of cell viability after the fusing of 16 chromosomes into a single chromosome. This highlighted that centromere and telomere sequences were not critical to overall cellular function, physiology and biochemistry. More importantly, the results highlighted that genetic information and its organisation at the sub-chromosome level play a more important role in defining cellular biochemical processes and physiology such as metabolism and cell division processes. Collectively, the technical feasibility of fusing multiple chromosomes into a single chromosome has been shown in new research that deleted the centromere and telomere regions of different chromosomes for fusing the resulting genetic information into a single chromosome. Little loss of viability and function in cells with a single chromosome and the stability of replicating the chromosome revealed that centromere and telomere sequences may not play critical roles in defining cellular physiology and biochemistry. More importantly, genomic information and its regulation was shown indirectly to have a more direct influence on cell physiology and metabolism than chromosomal architecture.

Dispersed rat parotid acinar cells. I. Morphological and functional characterization

1975 ◽  
Vol 229 (3) ◽  
pp. 553-559 ◽  
Author(s):  
JA Mangos ◽  
NR McSherry ◽  
F Butcher ◽  
K Irwin ◽  
T Barber
Keyword(s):  
Functional Characterization ◽  
Acinar Cells ◽  
Spherical Shape ◽  
Cell Physiology ◽  
Adrenergic Stimulation ◽  
Membrane Function ◽  
Physiology And Biochemistry ◽  
Rat Parotid

Morphologically and functionally intact acinar cells have been obtained from the rat parotid gland through enzymatic dispersion with pure collagenase, hyaluronidase, and trypsin as well as mild mechanical forces. Cell yields of 30-50% of the original tissue weight with over 95% acinar cells were accomplished. The cells in suspension assumed a more or less spherical shape but the intracellular polarity of organelle distribution was maintained. The cells in suspension at 37 degrees C maintained stable monovalent cationic composition but lost potassium and gained sodium rapidly upon exposure to ouabain, 10(-5) M. The intracellular amylase concentration and the patterns of secretion of amylase and of synthesis of cyclic AMP by the cells in response to adrenergic stimulation with epinephrine or isoproterenol were comparable to those of the intact gland in situ. In addition, the cells showed good O2 consumption and maintained it constant for periods up to 8 h. These cells could be used as experimental tools for in vitro studies of receptor physiology and biochemistry, cell membrane function, cellular secretory mechanisms, and other parameters of exocrine gland cell physiology.

scholarly journals Highlight on fusing multiple chromosomes in yeast into a single chromosome

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenfa Ng
Keyword(s):  
Cell Viability ◽  
Genetic Information ◽  
Significant Loss ◽  
Cell Physiology ◽  
Chromosome Research ◽  
Single Chromosome ◽  
Biochemical Processes ◽  
Cellular Physiology ◽  
Physiology And Biochemistry ◽  
Chromosome Level

Multiple biological mysteries remain in the definition and organization of genetic information into different chromosomes. Up to now, genome architecture at the chromosome level remain enigmatic concerning the reasons why evolution and natural selection arranged genetic information in separate segments in eukaryotic cells as compared to the single chromosome in the prokaryotic world. Specifically, one important unresolved question has been the role of chromosomes in cellular physiology and biochemical processes. By deleting the centromere and telomere regions of different chromosomes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and fusing the different chromosomes into one chromosome, research reported by Shao and coworkers in Nature revealed the technical possibility of concatenating all genetic information into one segment. Furthermore, cell viability assays revealed that there was no significant loss of cell viability after the fusing of 16 chromosomes into a single chromosome. This highlighted that centromere and telomere sequences were not critical to overall cellular function, physiology and biochemistry. More importantly, the results highlighted that genetic information and its organisation at the sub-chromosome level play a more important role in defining cellular biochemical processes and physiology such as metabolism and cell division processes. Collectively, the technical feasibility of fusing multiple chromosomes into a single chromosome has been shown in new research that deleted the centromere and telomere regions of different chromosomes for fusing the resulting genetic information into a single chromosome. Little loss of viability and function in cells with a single chromosome and the stability of replicating the chromosome revealed that centromere and telomere sequences may not play critical roles in defining cellular physiology and biochemistry. More importantly, genomic information and its regulation was shown indirectly to have a more direct influence on cell physiology and metabolism than chromosomal architecture.

Oxford Handbook of Medical Sciences

2011 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Medicine ◽  
Cell Physiology ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Basic Cell ◽  
Physiology And Biochemistry ◽  
Scientific Principles

Written by biomedical scientists and clinicians to disseminate the fundamental scientific principles that underpin clinical medicine, this second edition of the Oxford Handbook of Medical Sciences provides a clear, easily digestible account of basic cell physiology and biochemistry, and an investigation of the traditional pillars of medicine.

Some Effects of Oxidant Air Pollutants (Ozone and Peroxyacetyl Nitrate) on the Ultrastructure of Leaf Tissues

1972 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 360-361
Author(s):  
William W. Thomson ◽  
Elizabeth S. Swanson
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Electron Microscopic Examination ◽  
Peroxyacetyl Nitrate ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Growth Physiology ◽  
Physiology And Biochemistry ◽  
Entire Plant ◽  
Leaf Tissues ◽  
Gaseous Hydrocarbons ◽  
The Individual

The oxidant air pollutants, ozone and peroxyacetyl nitrate, are produced in the atmosphere through the interaction of light with nitrogen oxides and gaseous hydrocarbons. These oxidants are phytotoxicants and are known to deleteriously affect plant growth, physiology, and biochemistry. In many instances they induce changes which lead to the death of cells, tissues, organs, and frequently the entire plant. The most obvious damage and biochemical changes are generally observed with leaves.Electron microscopic examination of leaves from bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) and cotton (Gossipyum hirsutum L.) fumigated for .5 to 2 hours with 0.3 -1 ppm of the individual oxidants revealed that changes in the ultrastructure of the cells occurred in a sequential fashion with time following the fumigation period. Although occasional cells showed severe damage immediately after fumigation, the most obvious change was an enhanced clarity of the cell membranes.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document