Application of a Position Sensitive Scintillation Detector for Nondestructive Residual Stress Measurements inside Stainless Steel Piping

1982 ◽  
pp. 233-243
Author(s):  
C. O. Ruud ◽  
P. S. DiMascio ◽  
D. M. Melcher
Keyword(s):  
Residual Stress ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Scintillation Detector ◽  
Stress Measurements ◽  
Position Sensitive ◽  
Steel Piping

Application of a Position Sensitive Scintillation Detector for Nondestructive Residual Stress Measurements Inside Stainless Steel Piping

1982 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 233-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.O. Ruud ◽  
P.S. DiMascio ◽  
D.M. Melcher
Keyword(s):  
Residual Stress ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Stress Measurement ◽  
Residual Stress Measurement ◽  
Intergranular Stress Corrosion ◽  
Stress Measurements ◽  
Absolute Residual ◽  
Position Sensitive ◽  
Water Reactors ◽  
Steel Piping

As early as 1974 cracking was observed in the austenitic stainless steel piping systems of several Boiling Water Reactors [1,2]. Failure analysis indicated that the cracks developed through intergranular stress-corrosion cracking and an active interest in residual stress measurement methodologies developed. This paper describes the procedures and demonstration testing employed to provide absolute residual stress measurement, nondestructively, on the inside surface of pipe specimens. A Ruud-Barrett position sensitive detector (PSSD)* was used to build an EPRI pipe stress analyzer which was developed for these residual stress measurements [3,4].

Residual Stress Measurements Revealing Weld Bead Start and Stop Effects in Single and Multi-Pass Weld-Runs

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter J. Bouchard ◽  
Javier R. Santisteban ◽  
Lyndon Edwards ◽  
Mark Turski ◽  
Jon James ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Residual Stress ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Weld Bead ◽  
Contour Method ◽  
Stress And Strain ◽  
Outer Diameter ◽  
End Effects ◽  
Stress Measurements ◽  
Stress Variations ◽  
Welding Direction

This paper describes transverse residual stress and strain measurements aimed at quantifying end effects in single and multi-pass weld-runs. Two test specimens are examined: a 60 mm long weld bead deposited on the surface of a 180 mm × 120 mm × 17 mm thick stainless steel plate, and a 62° arc-length multi-pass repair weld in a 432 mm outer diameter, 19.6 mm thick stainless steel pipe girth weld. The residual stress measurements were made by employing the relatively new Contour method and by neutron diffraction using ENGIN-X, the engineering spectrometer at the ISIS facility of the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (UK). The measured underlying transverse residual stress levels are observed to be essentially uniform directly beneath the weld bead in the plate specimen and in the heat affected zone beneath the capping passes moving from mid-length towards the stop-end of the pipe repair. However, results from both test components demonstrate the existence of short-range concentrations of transverse residual stress along the welding direction owing to individual weld capping bead start and stop effects. Such short length-scale stress variations must be allowed for when interpreting residual stress measurements from line-scans. The experimental work also demonstrates the importance of knowing the expected stress or strain distribution prior to choosing measurement lines for detailed study. The Contour measurement method and neutron strain scanning are powerful tools for mapping residual stress and strain fields.

A Versatile X-Ray Stress Analyzer Using a Position Sensitive Detector

1980 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 149-153
Author(s):  
Yasuo Yoshioka ◽  
Ken-ichi Hasegawa ◽  
Koh-ichi Mochiki
Keyword(s):  
Residual Stress ◽  
Stress Analysis ◽  
Position Sensitive Detector ◽  
Sensitive Detector ◽  
Counter Method ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Stress Measurements ◽  
Position Sensitive ◽  
Time Required ◽  
Film Method

Instrumentation for X-ray stress analysis has been advanced rapidly in the last few years. Especially, the time required for data accumulation has been remarkably reduced without motion of the detector by using a new X-ray detector called a position sensitive detector (PSD). Applications of PSD to the field of X-ray stress analysis were carried out by James and Cohen, Ruud and Barrett, and the authors. In our laboratory, several position sensitive proportional counters (PSPCs) were designed and manufactured for residual stress measurements. Results show that the PSPC method is a powerful alternative to the conventional counter method or the film method.This paper reports a design of a versatile PSPC X-ray stress analyzer for use in industry and the laboratory.

Residual Stress Measurements and Modelling for Temper Bead Qualification

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xavier Ficquet ◽  
Vincent Robin ◽  
Ed Kingston ◽  
Stéphan Courtin ◽  
Miguel Yescas
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Residual Stress ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Austenitic Stainless Steel ◽  
Residual Stresses ◽  
Hole Drilling ◽  
Stainless Steel Surface ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Stress Measurements ◽  
Welding Processes

This paper presents results from a programme of through thickness residual stress measurements and finite element analysis (FEA) modelling carried out on a temper bead mock-up. Emphasis is placed on results comparison rather than the measurement technique and procedure, which is well documented in the accompanying references. Temper bead welding processes have been developed to simulate the tempering effect of post-weld heat treatment and are used to repair reactor pressure vessel components to alleviate the need for further heat-treatment. The Temper Bead Mock-up comprised of a rectangular block with dimension 960mm × 189mm × 124mm was manufactured from a ferritic steel forged block with an austenitic stainless steel buttering and a nickel alloy temper bead cladding. The temper bead and buttering surfaces were machined after welding. Biaxial residual stresses were measured at a number of locations using the standard Deep-Hole Drilling (DHD) and Incremental DHD (iDHD) techniques on the Temper Bead Mock-up and compared with FEA modelling results. An excellent correlation existed between the iDHD and the modelled results, and highlighted the need for the iDHD technique in order to account for plastic relaxation during the measurement process. Maximum tensile residual stresses through the thickness were observed near the austenitic stainless steel surface at 298MPa. High compressive stresses were observed within the ferritic base plate beneath the bimetallic interface between austenitic and ferritic steels with peak stresses of −377MPa in the longitudinal direction.

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