scholarly journals Role of Prolactin in the Recovered T-Cell Development of Early Partially Decapitated Chicken Embryo

1998 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 183-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Moreno ◽  
A. Varas ◽  
A. Vicente ◽  
A. G. Zapata
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Receptor Expression ◽  
T Cell Subsets ◽  
Cell Maturation ◽  
Thymic Development ◽  
Experimental Approaches ◽  
Mammalian Immune System ◽  
T Cell Maturation ◽  
Control Sham

Although different experimental approaches have suggested certain regulation of the mammalian immune system by the neuroendocrine system, the precise factors involved in the process are largely unknown. In previous reports, we demonstrated important changes in the thymic development of chickens deprived of the major neuroendocrine centers by the removal of embryonic prosencephalon at 33-38 hr of incubation (DCx embryos) (Herradón et al., 1991; Moreno et al., 1995). In these embryos, there was a stopping of T-cell maturation that resulted in an accumulation of the most immature T-cell subsets (CD4-CD8-cells and CD4-CD81ocells) and, accordingly, in decreased numbers of DP (CD4+CD8+) thymocytes and mature CD3+TcRαβ+cells, but not CD3+TcRγδlymphocytes. In the present work, we restore the thymic histology as well as the percentage of distinct T-cell subsets of DCx embryos by supplying recombinant chicken prolactin, grafting of embryonic pituitary gland, or making cephalic chick-quail chimeras. The recovery was not, however, whole and the percentage of CD3+TcRαβthymocytes did not reach the normal values observed in 17-day-old control Sham-DCx embryos. The results are discussed on the basis of a key role for prolactin in chicken T-cell maturation. This hormone could regulate the transition of DN (CD4-CD8-) thymocytes to the DP (CD4+CD8+) cell compartment through its capacity for inducing IL-2 receptor expression on the former.

Pax1 is expressed during development of the thymus epithelium and is required for normal T-cell maturation

Development ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 122 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Wallin ◽  
H. Eibel ◽  
A. Neubuser ◽  
J. Wilting ◽  
H. Koseki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Regulatory Protein ◽  
Cell Maturation ◽  
Thymic Epithelial Cells ◽  
Total Size ◽  
Thymic Development ◽  
Transcriptional Regulatory ◽  
Thymus Cells ◽  
T Cell Maturation ◽  
Third Pharyngeal Pouch

Pax1 is a transcriptional regulatory protein expressed during mouse embryogenesis and has been shown to have an important function in vertebral column development. Expression of Pax1 mRNA in the embryonic thymus has been reported previously. Here we show that Pax1 protein expression in thymic epithelial cells can be detected throughout thymic development and in the adult. Expression starts in the early endodermal epithelium lining the foregut region and includes the epithelium of the third pharyngeal pouch, a structure giving rise to part of the thymus epithelium. In early stages of thymus development a large proportion of thymus cells expresses Pax1. With increasing age, the proportion of Pax1-expressing cells is reduced and in the adult mouse only a small fraction of cortical thymic stromal cells retains strong Pax1 expression. Expression of Pax1 in thymus epithelium is necessary for establishing the thymus microenvironment required for normal T cell maturation. Mutations in the Pax-1 gene in undulated mice affect not only the total size of the thymus but also the maturation of thymocytes. The number of thymocytes is reduced about 2- to 5-fold, affecting mainly the CD4+8+ immature and CD4+ mature thymocyte subsets. The expression levels of major thymocyte surface markers remains unchanged with the exception of Thy-1 which was found to be expressed at 3- to 4-fold higher levels.

scholarly journals NKAP is required for T cell maturation and acquisition of functional competency

2011 ◽  
Vol 208 (6) ◽  
pp. 1291-1304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fan-Chi Hsu ◽  
Anthony G. Pajerowski ◽  
Molly Nelson-Holte ◽  
Rhianna Sundsbak ◽  
Virginia Smith Shapiro
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Conditional Knockout ◽  
Cell Maturation ◽  
Intrinsic Defect ◽  
Thymic Development ◽  
Cell Pool ◽  
Single Positive ◽  
Maturation Defect ◽  
T Cell Maturation

Newly generated T cells are unable to respond to antigen/MHC. Rather, post-selection single-positive thymocytes must undergo T cell maturation to gain functional competency and enter the long-lived naive peripheral T cell pool. This process is poorly understood, as no gene specifically required for T cell maturation has been identified. Here, we demonstrate that loss of the transcriptional repressor NKAP results in a complete block in T cell maturation. In CD4-cre NKAP conditional knockout mice, thymic development including positive selection occurs normally, but there is a cell-intrinsic defect in the peripheral T cell pool. All peripheral naive CD4-cre NKAP conditional knockout T cells were found to be functionally immature recent thymic emigrants. This defect is not simply in cell survival, as the T cell maturation defect was not rescued by a Bcl-2 transgene. Thus, NKAP is required for T cell maturation and the acquisition of functional competency.

scholarly journals Human CD4 Expression at the Late Single-Positive Stage of Thymic Development Supports T Cell Maturation and Peripheral Export in CD4-Deficient Mice

2002 ◽  
Vol 169 (8) ◽  
pp. 4347-4353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olivier Boyer ◽  
Gilles Marodon ◽  
José L. Cohen ◽  
Laurence Lejeune ◽  
Théano Irinopoulou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Cell Maturation ◽  
Thymic Development ◽  
Single Positive ◽  
T Cell Maturation ◽  
Deficient Mice

scholarly journals Developmentally Regulated Extinction of Ly-49 Receptor Expression Permits Maturation and Selection of NK1.1+ T Cells

1998 ◽  
Vol 187 (12) ◽  
pp. 2109-2114 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Robson MacDonald ◽  
Rosemary K. Lees ◽  
Werner Held
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Transgenic Mice ◽  
Mhc Class I ◽  
Receptor Expression ◽  
Cell Maturation ◽  
Inhibitory Receptors ◽  
Developmentally Regulated ◽  
T Cell Maturation ◽  
Mhc Class I Molecules

Clonally distributed inhibitory receptors negatively regulate natural killer (NK) cell function via specific interactions with allelic forms of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules. In the mouse, the Ly-49 family of inhibitory receptors is found not only on NK cells but also on a minor (NK1.1+) T cell subset. Using Ly-49 transgenic mice, we show here that the development of NK1.1+ T cells, in contrast to NK or conventional T cells, is impaired when their Ly-49 receptors engage self-MHC class I molecules. Impaired NK1.1+ T cell development in transgenic mice is associated with a failure to select the appropriate CD1-reactive T cell receptor repertoire. In normal mice, NK1.1+ T cell maturation is accompanied by extinction of Ly-49 receptor expression. Collectively, our data imply that developmentally regulated extinction of inhibitory MHC-specific receptors is required for normal NK1.1+ T cell maturation and selection.

Critical role of thymocyte-derived brain-derived neurotrophic factor in T cell maturation

2014 ◽  
Vol 275 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 202-203
Author(s):  
Fred Lühder ◽  
Ralf Linker ◽  
De-hyung Lee ◽  
Holger Reichardt ◽  
Ursula Bommhardt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Neurotrophic Factor ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor ◽  
Cell Maturation ◽  
T Cell Maturation

scholarly journals The role of unconventional T cells in COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristen Orumaa ◽  
Margaret R. Dunne
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
T Cells ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Γδ T Cells ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
T Cell Subsets ◽  
Viral Immunity ◽  
Mait Cells

AbstractCOVID-19 is a respiratory disease caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). It was first documented in late 2019, but within months, a worldwide pandemic was declared due to the easily transmissible nature of the virus. Research to date on the immune response to SARS-CoV-2 has focused largely on conventional B and T lymphocytes. This review examines the emerging role of unconventional T cell subsets, including γδ T cells, invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells and mucosal associated invariant T (MAIT) cells in human SARS-CoV-2 infection.Some of these T cell subsets have been shown to play protective roles in anti-viral immunity by suppressing viral replication and opsonising virions of SARS-CoV. Here, we explore whether unconventional T cells play a protective role in SARS-CoV-2 infection as well. Unconventional T cells are already under investigation as cell-based immunotherapies for cancer. We discuss the potential use of these cells as therapeutic agents in the COVID-19 setting. Due to the rapidly evolving situation presented by COVID-19, there is an urgent need to understand the pathogenesis of this disease and the mechanisms underlying its immune response. Through this, we may be able to better help those with severe cases and lower the mortality rate by devising more effective vaccines and novel treatment strategies.

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