scholarly journals Role of C-Peptide in the Regulation of Microvascular Blood Flow

2008 ◽  
Vol 2008 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Forst ◽  
T. Kunt ◽  
B. Wilhelm ◽  
M. M. Weber ◽  
A. Pfützner
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Beta Cell ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Pancreatic Beta Cell ◽  
Microvascular Blood Flow ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
C Peptide ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Peptide Secretion

During the recent years, the role of C-peptide, released from the pancreatic beta cell, in regulating microvascular blood flow, has received increasing attention. In type 1 diabetic patients, intravenous application of C-peptide in physiological concentrations was shown to increase microvascular blood flow, and to improve microvascular endothelial function and the endothelial release of NO. C-peptide was shown to impact microvascular blood flow by several interactive pathways, like stimulatingNa+K+ATPase or the endothelial release of NO. There is increasing evidence, that in patients with declining beta cell function, the lack of C-peptide secretion might play a putative role in the development of microvascular blood flow abnormalities, which go beyond the effects of declining insulin secretion or increased blood glucose levels.

scholarly journals Circulating Hematopoietic (HSC) and Very-Small Embryonic like (VSEL) Stem Cells in Newly Diagnosed Childhood Diabetes type 1 – Novel Parameters of Beta Cell Destruction/Regeneration Balance and Possible Prognostic Factors of Future Disease Course

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milena Jamiołkowska-Sztabkowska ◽  
Kamil Grubczak ◽  
Aleksandra Starosz ◽  
Anna Krętowska-Grunwald ◽  
Magdalena Krętowska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Beta Cell ◽  
Partial Remission ◽  
Beta Cell Function ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Disease Onset ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
C Peptide ◽  
Peptide Secretion

Abstract Aims/Hypothesis We aimed to evaluate hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) and very small embryonic-like stem cells (VSEL) mobilization to establish their role in residual beta cell function maintenance and partial remission occurrence in children newly diagnosed with type 1 diabetes. Methods We recruited 59 type 1 diabetic patients (aged 6–18 years) monitored for 2 years, and 31 healthy children as a control group. HSC and VSEL levels were assessed at disease onset in PBMC isolated from whole peripheral blood with the use of flow cytometry. An assessment of beta cell function was based on C-peptide secretion. Studied groups were stratified on the basis of VSEL, HSC and/or C-peptide median levels in regard to beta cell function and partial remission. Results Patients with higher stimulated C-peptide secretion at disease onset demonstrated lower levels of HSC (p < 0.05), while for VSEL and VSEL/HSC ratio higher values were observed (p < 0.05). Accordingly, after 2 years follow-up, patients with higher C-peptide secretion presented lower initial levels of HSC and higher VSEL/HSC ratio (p < 0.05). Patients with lower values of HSC levels demonstrated a tendency for better partial remission prevalence in the first 3 to 6 months after diagnosis. Conclusions These clinical observations indicate a possible significant role of HSC and VSEL in maintaining residual beta cell function in type 1 diabetic patients. Graphical Abstract

scholarly journals Serum CA19-9 Level Associated with Metabolic Control and Pancreatic Beta Cell Function in Diabetic Patients

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haoyong Yu ◽  
Ruixia Li ◽  
Lei Zhang ◽  
Haibing Chen ◽  
Yuqian Bao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Beta Cell ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Beta Cell Function ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Total Cholesterol Level ◽  
Pancreatic Beta Cell ◽  
Elevated Serum ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Pancreatic Beta Cell Function

CA19-9 is a tumor-associated antigen. It is also a marker of pancreatic tissue damage that might be caused by diabetes. Long-term poor glycemic control may lead to pancreatic beta cell dysfunction which is reflected by elevated serum CA19-9 level. Intracellular cholesterol accumulation leads to islet dysfunction and impaired insulin secretion which provide a new lipotoxic model. This study firstly found total cholesterol was one of the independent contributors to CA19-9. Elevated serum CA19-9 level in diabetic patients may indicate further investigations of glycemic control, pancreatic beta cell function, and total cholesterol level.

Pancreatic beta-cell function and glucose metabolism in human segmental pancreas and kidney transplantation

1993 ◽  
Vol 264 (3) ◽  
pp. E441-E449 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Christiansen ◽  
H. B. Andersen ◽  
K. Rasmussen ◽  
N. J. Christensen ◽  
K. Olgaard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Secretion ◽  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Beta Cell ◽  
Kidney Transplant ◽  
Beta Cell Function ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Pancreatic Beta Cell ◽  
Secretion Rate ◽  
C Peptide ◽  
Insulin Secretion Rate

beta-Cell function and glucose metabolism were studied in eight insulin-dependent diabetic recipients of combined segmental pancreas and kidney transplant with peripheral insulin delivery (Px), in eight nondiabetic kidney-transplant individuals (Kx), and in eight normal subjects (Ns) after three consecutive mixed meals. All subjects had normal fasting plasma glucose, but increased basal levels of C-peptide were demonstrated in the transplant groups (P < 0.05 relative to Ns). Postprandial hyperglycemia was increased 14% in Kx and 32% in Px (P < 0.05), whereas compared with Ns postprandial C-peptide levels were increased three- and twofold, respectively, in Kx and Px (P < 0.05). Compared with Ns basal insulin secretion rate (combined model) was increased 2-fold in Kx and 1.4-fold in Px (P < 0.05). Maximal insulin secretion rate was reduced 25% in Px compared with Kx (P < 0.05) but not different from that of Ns (P NS). Also, maximal insulin secretion rate occurred later in Px than in controls (Tmax: Px 50 min, Kx 30 min, and Ns 32 min; P < 0.05). The total integrated insulin secretion was increased 1.4-fold in Px compared with Ns (P < 0.05) but decreased 1.4-fold compared with Kx (P < 0.05). Fasting and postprandial proinsulin-to-C-peptide molar ratios were inappropriately increased in Px compared with Kx and Ns. Basal hepatic glucose production was increased 43% in Px and 33% in Kx compared with Ns (P < 0.05). Postprandial total systemic glucose appearance was similar in all three groups, whereas peripheral glucose disposal was 15% reduced in Px (P < 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

scholarly journals The role of Th1/Th2 disbalanced immune response in the determination of clinical features of autoimmune diabetes mellitus

2011 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 12-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatiana Vladimirovna Saprina ◽  
F E Lazarenko ◽  
T S Prokhorenko ◽  
N V Ryazantseva ◽  
Irina Nikolaevna Vorozhtsova
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Beta Cell ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Autoimmune Diabetes ◽  
Mononuclear Leukocytes ◽  
Diagnostic Strategy ◽  
C Peptide ◽  
Significant Difference

Aim. To elucidate the role of Th1/Th2 polarization of immune response in LADA patients in the realization of the clinical phenotype of the disease. Materials and methods. 70 patients aged 21-61 (mean 41.3?1.0 yr) with DM diagnosed based on WHO criteria (1999). Groups 1 and 2 included 13 DM1and 57 DM2 patients (34.6?7.2 and 43.6?7.6 yr respectively). 27 DM2 patients (41.2?1.6 yr) presumably had LADA (P. Zimmet's criteria).Serum anti-GAD65, ICA, and IAA antibodies along with C-peptide were measured in fasting sera and 120 min after GTT by solid phase immunoenzymeassays following manufacturer's instructions with the use of a photometer for Multiscan EX microplates (ThermoLabSystems, Finland) at405 nm (for GAG and ICA) and 450 nm (for IAA and C-peptide). GAD, IAA, and C-peptides levels were calculated automatically from calibrationcurves. Mononuclear leukocytes were isolated by centrifugation in the ficoll-verographin density gradient. The cells thus obtained were resuspendedin the complete nutritient medium reducing their concentration to 2.0x10^6/ml. Phytohemagglutinin (Difco, Germany) was added (10 mcg/1 ml) tothe samples to stimulate mononuclear leukocytes; cell suspensions were further incubated for 24 hr. Initial and PGA-induced levels of IL-2, 4, 10 insupernatants of cell cultures were measured by solid phase immunoassay at 450 nm. Results. At least one type of autoantibodies (GAD, ICA or IAA) was identified in 24.3% of all DM patients (17/70) and in 18% of the DM2 patients(10/57). The level of anti-GAD and ICA ABs and percentage of AB-positive patients were higher in the LADA group while that of anti-IAA ABs amongDM1 patients without LADA. Two AB types at a time were found in 17% (4/23) of the patients with autoimmune DM in the absence of significantdifference between LADA and DM1. Patients with LADA had a significantly lower basal C-peptide level than DM2 patients. The was a tendencytoward lower level of stimulated C-peptide secretion in LADA patients compared with DM2 ones. It suggests impairment of beta-cell secretory functionaffected by the autoimmune process. We observed enhanced basal production of IFN-y by blood mononuclear leukocytes in all DM patients in theabsence of significant difference between the groups. Mitogen-activated production in all CD patients was lower than normal without inter-groupdifferences. Patients with DM2 had the inverted type of IL-2 secretion unlike those with autoimmune diabetes. In both cases it was significantly differentfrom normal values. There was a tendency toward higher basal production of IL-4 by mononuclear leukocytes in LADA and DM2 comparedwith CD1 which reflects pathogenetic peculiarities of beta-cell function in LADA differing from those in DM1 and responsible for slower impairment ofbeta-cell function in this condition. Basal and PGA- induced production of IL-10 was higher in LADA and DM2 than in DM1. It suggests enhancedsuppressor activity of leukocytes that may protect beta-cells from autoimmune destruction and determines gradual development of clinical symptoms ofinsulin deficiency. In contrast, low production of IL-10 in DM1 gives evidence of polarization of the immune response. Conclusion. The loss of functional parenchyma and manifestation of insulin deficiency in LADA occur at a relatively low rate due to the peculiarcharacter of cytokine-mediated cell interactions. It suggests the necessity of an active and careful diagnostic strategy with the use of immunologicalmethods for examination of elder patients presenting with a variety of pathogenetic variants of DM.

scholarly journals Circulating C-Peptide: Measurement and Clinical Application

1981 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 125-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Peter Ashby ◽  
Brian M Frier
Keyword(s):  
Beta Cell ◽  
Beta Cell Function ◽  
Plasma Insulin ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Pancreatic Beta Cell ◽  
Plasma Insulin Concentration ◽  
C Peptide ◽  
Clinical Disorders ◽  
Pancreatic Beta Cell Function ◽  
Secretory Capacity

Pancreatic beta-cell function is usually assessed by the measurement of plasma insulin concentration in various clinical situations. However, the advent of an assay for the measurement of connecting-peptide (C-peptide) concentration in plasma has provided a further method for the assessment of the secretory capacity of the pancreatic beta cell in clinical disorders, particularly in the investigation of hypoglycaemia. The metabolism and immunoassay methodology of C-peptide are reviewed, and its application in clinical practice is outlined.

Role of the Interaction Between Nck1 and PERK in Pancreatic Beta Cell Function and Survival

2021 ◽  
Vol 45 (7) ◽  
pp. S34
Author(s):  
Laure Monteillet ◽  
Émilie Courty ◽  
Nathalie Jouvet ◽  
Marco Gasparrini ◽  
Cindy Baldwin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Beta Cell ◽  
Beta Cell Function ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Pancreatic Beta Cell ◽  
Pancreatic Beta Cell Function

Pancreatic Beta Cell Function in Offspring of Conjugal Diabetic Parents. Assessment by IRI and C-Peptide Ratio

2008 ◽  
Vol 16 (S 1) ◽  
pp. 142-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Snehalatha ◽  
V. Mohan ◽  
A. Ramachandran ◽  
R. Jayashree ◽  
M. Viswanathan
Keyword(s):  
Beta Cell ◽  
Beta Cell Function ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Pancreatic Beta Cell ◽  
C Peptide ◽  
Pancreatic Beta Cell Function

Maintenance of redox state and pancreatic beta-cell function: Role of leptin and adiponectin

2012 ◽  
Vol 113 (6) ◽  
pp. 1966-1976 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moria Chetboun ◽  
Guila Abitbol ◽  
Konstantin Rozenberg ◽  
Hava Rozenfeld ◽  
Avigail Deutsch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Beta Cell ◽  
Beta Cell Function ◽  
Redox State ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Pancreatic Beta Cell ◽  
Pancreatic Beta Cell Function

scholarly journals Orally Administered Whey Proteins Have Comparable Effect on C-Peptide Secretion in Healthy Subjects as Standard C-Peptide Stimulation Tests

2013 ◽  
pp. 179-186
Author(s):  
E. WILDOVÁ ◽  
P. DLOUHÝ ◽  
P. KRAML ◽  
J. RAMBOUSKOVÁ ◽  
V. ŠMEJKALOVÁ ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Function ◽  
Whey Proteins ◽  
Normal Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Individual Variability ◽  
C Peptide ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Normal Glucose ◽  
Stimulation Tests ◽  
Lower Variability ◽  
Peptide Secretion

Our study compared total C-peptide secretion after administration of whey proteins and whey proteins in combination with glucose with results of classical tests assessing beta cell function in the pancreas of healthy individuals. Eight young, healthy (7 males, 1 female; aged 20-26 years), non-obese (BMI: 17-25.9 kg/m2) participants with normal glucose tolerance underwent six C-peptide secretion tests. Three secretion tests measured C-peptide response to orally administered substances: whey proteins only (OWT), whey proteins with glucose (OWGT) and glucose only (OGTT); while three secretion tests measured C-peptide response to intravenously administered substances: arginine (AST), glucagon (GST) and glucose (IVGTT). OWT stimulated a greater (93 %, p<0.05) C-peptide response than AST and a 64 % smaller response (p<0.05) than OGTT. OWT also showed lower variability (p<0.05) in C-peptide responses compared to OWGT and OGTT. The greatest total C-peptide response was induced by OWGT (36 % higher than glucose). OWT consistently increased C-peptide concentrations with lower individual variability, while insignificantly increasing glucose levels. Results of this study suggest that both dietology and beta-cells capacity testing could take advantage of the unique property of whey proteins to induce C-peptide secretion.

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