scholarly journals Study of Non-Isothermal Decomposition and Kinetic Analysis of 2,4-Dihydroxybenzoic Acid- Melamine-Formaldehyde Copolymer

2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 1101-1107 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. S. Butoliya ◽  
W. B. Gurnule ◽  
A. B. Zade
Keyword(s):  
Kinetic Parameters ◽  
Average Molecular Weight ◽  
Acid Catalyst ◽  
Conductometric Titration ◽  
Frequency Factor ◽  
Entropy Change ◽  
Dihydroxybenzoic Acid ◽  
H Nmr ◽  
Uv Visible

A copolymer (2,4-DHBAMF) synthesized by the condensation of 2,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid and melamine with formaldehyde in the presence of acid catalyst using varied molar proportions of the reactants. A composition of the copolymer has been determined by elemental analysis. The number average molecular weight has been determined by conductometric titration in non-aqueous medium. The copolymer has been characterized by UV-Visible, IR and1H NMR spectral analysis. Thermogravimetric analysis was carried out to study the decomposition and various kinetic parameters. Freeman Carroll and Sharp Wentworth methods have been applied for the calculation of kinetic parameters while the data from Freeman Carroll method have been used to determine various thermodynamic parameters such as order of reaction, energy of activation, frequency factor, entropy change, free energy change and apparent entropy change. The results indicate that given copolymer have potential as matrix resin for long term applications at temperature up to 350°C.

scholarly journals Non-isothermal Kinetic Study ofp-Cresol-Dithiooxamide-Formaldehyde Terpolymer

2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 1380-1390 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. B. Gurnule ◽  
S. S. Katkamwar
Keyword(s):  
Activation Energy ◽  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Thermal Degradation ◽  
Kinetic Study ◽  
Elemental Analysis ◽  
Frequency Factor ◽  
Entropy Change ◽  
H Nmr ◽  
Uv Visible ◽  
Isothermal Kinetic

Terpolymer (p-CDF) has been prepared by using the monomerp-cresol, dithiooxanude and formaldehyde in 1:1:2 molar proportions. The structure ofp-CDF terpolymer has been elucidated on the basis of elemental analysis and various physicochemical technique like UV-visible, FTIR,1H NMR and TG analysis. Detailed thermal degradation curve is discussed which shows four steps decomposition. The activation energy (Ea) and thermal stability calculated by using the Sharp Wentworth, Frceman-Carroll methods. Thermodynamics parameters such as entropy change (ΔS), apparent entropy change (S*) and frequency factor (z) have also been evaluated on the basis of the data of Freeman-Carroll method. The order of reaction (n) is found to be 1.05.

scholarly journals Thermal Degradation Studies of Terpolymer Derived from 2-Aminothiophenol, Hexamethylenediamine, and Formaldehyde

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. U. Belsare ◽  
A. B. Zade ◽  
P. P. Kalbende ◽  
M. S. Dhore
Keyword(s):  
Activation Energy ◽  
Average Molecular Weight ◽  
Conductometric Titration ◽  
Frequency Factor ◽  
Characteristic Functions ◽  
Spectral Techniques ◽  
H Nmr ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Relative Thermal Stability

Terpolymer (2-ATPHMDAF-I) has been synthesized by the condensation of 2-aminothiophenol and hexamethylenediamine with formaldehyde in the presence of 2 M hydrochloric acid as a catalyst with 1 : 1 : 2 molar proportion of reacting monomers. The structure of newly synthesized terpolymer has been elucidated and confirmed on the basis of elemental analysis and various spectral techniques, that is, UV-visible, FT-IR, and 1H-NMR spectroscopy. Number average molecular weight (Mn¯) has been determined by conductometric titration in nonaqueous medium. The viscosity measurements in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) have been carried out to ascertain the characteristic functions and constants. The studies have been further extended to nonisothermal thermogravimetric analysis for determination of their mode of decomposition and relative thermal stability. Activation energy Ea, order of reaction (n), and frequency factor (z) were calculated by Friedman, Chang, Sharp-Wentworth and Freeman-Carroll methods. Activation energy calculated by Friedman and Chang methods are in close agreement with each other while the results obtained from Freeman-Carroll and Sharp-Wentworth’s methods are found to be in a similar order.

scholarly journals Preparation, Characterization, and Thermal Degradation Studies ofp-Nitrophenol-Based Copolymer

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pawan P. Kalbende ◽  
Mangesh V. Tarase ◽  
Anil B. Zade
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Degradation ◽  
Thermal Activation ◽  
Frequency Factor ◽  
Spectral Studies ◽  
H Nmr ◽  
Degradation Pattern ◽  
Degradation Step ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Uv Visible ◽  
Most Probable Structure

Polycondensation reaction was employed to synthesize a new copolymer resin (p-NP-4,4′-MDA-F) from p-nitrophenol (p-NP) and 4,4′-methylene dianiline (4,4′-MDA) with formaldehyde (F) in presence of 2 M hydrochloric acid as a catalyst at130±1°C. The resin was characterized by elemental analysis and spectral studies such as UV-visible, FT-IR, and1H-NMR spectra which were used to confine the most probable structure of synthesized copolymer. Thermal degradation pattern and kinetics have been investigated by thermogravimetric analysis. Thermal degradation curve have been studied with minute detail for each degradation step. Friedman, Chang, Sharp-Wentworth, Freeman-Carroll, and Coat-Redfern methods have been implemented in order to compute the kinetic parameters, that is, thermal activation energy (Ea), order of reaction (n), and frequency factor (z).

scholarly journals Effect of Substitutions on Thermal Behavior of Symmetric Doubleschiff Bases of 1,1’-Bis(4-Amino Phenyl)Cyclohexane

2016 ◽  
Vol 63 ◽  
pp. 145-149
Author(s):  
Bhavesh J. Gangani ◽  
Parsotam H. Parsania
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Thermal Behavior ◽  
Kinetic Parameters ◽  
Schiff Bases ◽  
Frequency Factor ◽  
Entropy Change ◽  
Nitrogen Atmosphere ◽  
Energy Of Activation ◽  
Thermo Gravimetric ◽  
Degradation Kinetic

Thermo gravimetric analyses of some symmetric double Schiff bases of 1, 1’- bis (4-amino phenyl) cyclohexane (SDSB-1 to SDSB-6) was carried out at 100C/min in nitrogen atmosphere. Schiff bases are thermally stable up to 200-285°C and followed two step degradation kinetic. Various kinetic parameters such as order of degradation (n), energy of activation (Ea), frequency factor (A) and entropy change (ΔS) were derived accordingly Anderson-Freeman method interpreted in light of nature of the substituents. The nature, size and position of substituents affected thermal properties of the Schiff bases.

scholarly journals Thermoanalytical Study and Kinetics of New 8-Hydroxyquinoline 5-sulphonic Acid-Oxamide-Formaldehyde Terpolymer Resins

2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (s1) ◽  
pp. S171-S182
Author(s):  
Rajesh N. Singru ◽  
Anil B. Zade ◽  
Wasudeo B. Gurnule
Keyword(s):  
Activation Energy ◽  
Thermogravimetric Analysis ◽  
Thermal Activation ◽  
Acid Catalyst ◽  
Frequency Factor ◽  
Entropy Change ◽  
Thermal Activation Energy ◽  
Sulphonic Acid ◽  
Thermal Stabilities ◽  
Continuous Increase

The terpolymer resins (8-HQ5-SAOF) have been synthesized by the condensation of 8-hydroxyquinoline 5-sulphonic acid (8-HQ5-SA) and oxamide (O) with formaldehyde (F) in the presence of acid catalyst and using varied molar proportion of the reacting monomers. The synthesized terpolymer resins have been characterized by different physico-chemical techniques. Thermogravimetric analysis of all terpolymer resins in present study have been carried out by non-isothermal thermogravimetric analysis technique in which sample is subjected to condition of continuous increase in temperature at linear rate. Thermal study of the resins was carried out to determine their mode of decomposition and relative thermal stabilities. Thermal decomposition curves were studied carefully with minute details. The Freeman-Carroll and Sharp-Wentworth methods have been used in the present investigation to calculate thermal activation energy and different kinetic parameter of the terpolymer resins. Thermal activation energy (Ea) calculated with above two mentioned methods are in close agreement. The advantage of Freeman-Carroll method is to calculate both the order of reaction (n) and energy of activation in one single stage by keeping heating rate constant. By using data of thermogravimetric analysis, various thermodynamic parameters like frequency factor (Z), entropy change (Δ S), free energy change (Δ F) and apparent entropy (S*) have been determined using Freeman-Carroll method.

scholarly journals Thermal Analysis of some Imidazolinone Derivatives

2015 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 124-129
Author(s):  
Shipra Baluja ◽  
Nikunj Kachhadia
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Thermal Analysis ◽  
Kinetic Parameters ◽  
Frequency Factor ◽  
Entropy Change ◽  
Energy Of Activation ◽  
Thermal Stability Of

Thermal analysis of some imidazolinone derivatives derived from 1, N-phenyl-3-p-nitrophenyl-4-formyl pyrazole, have been carried out by TGA technique. From these thermograms, various kinetic parameters such as order of degradation (n), energy of activation (E), frequency factor (A) and entropy change (∆S) have been evaluated. Further, thermal stability of imidazolinone derivatives have been determined, which is found to depend on the type of substituent present in the compounds.

scholarly journals Determination of Kinetic Parameters of Decomposition of Tetrahydropyrimidine Derivatives

2013 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 23-32
Author(s):  
Kapil Bhesaniya ◽  
Ashish Patel ◽  
Shipra Baluja
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Analysis ◽  
Kinetic Parameters ◽  
Frequency Factor ◽  
Entropy Change ◽  
Structural Determination ◽  
Mass Spectral Data ◽  
Mass Spectral ◽  
Tga And Dsc ◽  
Thermal Stability Of

Some new tetrahydropyrimidine derivatives have been synthesized and their structural determination was done by IR, NMR and mass spectral data. Thermal analysis of these synthesized dihydropyrimidinthiones has been carried out by TGA and DSC techniques. From the thermograms, various kinetic parameters such as order of degradation (n), energy of activation (E), frequency factor (A) and entropy change (ΔS) have been evaluated. Further, thermal stability of tetrahydropyrimidine have been determined which is found to depend on the type of substituent present in the compounds.

scholarly journals The evaluation of kinetic parameters for cadmium doped Co-Zn ferrite using thermogravimetric analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akshay B. Kulkarni ◽  
Shridhar N. Mathad ◽  
Raghavendra P. Bakale
Keyword(s):  
Kinetic Parameters ◽  
Zinc Ferrite ◽  
Frequency Factor ◽  
Entropy Change ◽  
Solid State Reaction Method ◽  
Enthalpy Change ◽  
Ferrite Sample ◽  
Zn Ferrite ◽  
Cobalt Zinc Ferrite ◽  
Evaluation Of Kinetic Parameters

AbstractThis work had the objective to analyze the thermodynamic properties of cadmium doped cobalt zinc ferrite (Co0.5Zn0.5Cd0.3Fe1.8O4), obtained by solid state reaction method and characterized by TGA-DTA. The TG analysis show sharp peaks at four points, two for water reduction, one for decomposition of chlorides and last one for formation of end product. The ratio of weight of end product to starting material match with ratio of molecular weight of end product and starting materials; this confirms the formation of ferrite sample. Broido, Coats-Redfern, Chang and Horowitz-Metzger approximations are employed to compute the activation energy (Ea) of formation of ferrite sample. The kinetic parameters like frequency factor (A), entropy change (ΔS), enthalpy change (ΔH) and changes in internal energy (ΔG) of sample are also reported.

Synthesis of resin I: salicylic acid, hexamethylene diamine and formaldehyde and its ion-exchange properties

e-Polymers ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dhanraj.T. Masram ◽  
Kiran.P. Kariya ◽  
Narayan.S. Bhave
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Metal Ion ◽  
Average Molecular Weight ◽  
Acid Catalyst ◽  
Conductometric Titration ◽  
Spectral Studies ◽  
Wide Ph Range ◽  
Ph Range ◽  
Exchange Properties

AbstractThe terpolymer resin salicylic acid-hexamethylenediamine-formaldehyde (SHMF) was synthesized by the condensation of salicylic acid and hexamethylenediamine with formaldehyde in the presence of a hydrochloric acid catalyst. The number average molecular weight of the resin was determined by non-aqueous conductometric titration. Terpolymer resin was characterized by elemental analysis, infrared (IR) spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and UV- Visible spectral studies. Chelation ion exchange properties have also been studied for Fe3+, Cu2+, Ni2+, Co2+, Zn2+, Cd2+ and Pb2+ions employing a batch equilibrium method. It was employed to study the selectivity of metal ion uptake involving the measurements of distribution of a given metal ion between the polymer sample and a solution containing the metal ion. The study was carried out over wide pH range and in the media of various ionic strengths. The terpolymer showed a higher selectivity for Fe3+, Cu2+ and Ni 2+ions than for Co2+, Zn2+, Cd2+, and Pb2+ ions.

scholarly journals Thermogravimetric and Spectroscopic Analysis of 8-Hydroxyquinoline 5-Sulphonic Acid-melamine-formaldehyde Polymer Resin-IV

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajesh N. Singru
Keyword(s):  
Activation Energy ◽  
Thermogravimetric Analysis ◽  
Thermal Activation ◽  
Acid Catalyst ◽  
Frequency Factor ◽  
Entropy Change ◽  
Thermal Activation Energy ◽  
Sulphonic Acid ◽  
Continuous Increase ◽  
Using Data

The title terpolymer (8-HQ5-SAMF-IV) synthesized by the condensation of 8-hydroxyquinoline 5-sulphonic acid (8-HQ5-SA) and melamine (M) with formaldehyde (F) in the presence of acid catalyst and using varied 3 : 1 : 5 molar proportions of the reacting monomers. The synthesized terpolymer was characterized by different physicochemical techniques. The thermogravimetric analysis of terpolymer resin prepared in the present study has been carried out by nonisothermal thermogravimetric analysis technique in which sample is subjected to condition of continuous increase in temperature at linear rate. Thermal study of the resin was carried out to determine the mode of decomposition and thermal stability. Thermal decomposition curve was studied carefully with minute details. The Freeman-Carroll and Sharp-Wentworth methods have been used in the present investigation to calculate thermal activation energy and different kinetic parameter of the terpolymer resin. Thermal activation energy () calculated by two above mentioned methods, is in close agreement. The advantage of Freeman-Carroll method is to calculate both the order of reaction (n) and energy of activation in one single stage by keeping heating rate constant. By using data of thermogravimetric analysis, various thermogravimetric parameters like frequency factor (Z), entropy change (ΔS), free energy change (ΔF), and apparent entropy () have been determined using Freeman-Carroll method.

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