scholarly journals Pathological Findings and Distribution of Pandemic Influenza A (H1N1) 2009 Virus in Lungs from Naturally Infected Fattening Pigs in Norway

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mette Valheim ◽  
Hans Gamlem ◽  
Britt Gjerset ◽  
Anna Germundsson ◽  
Bjørn Lium
Keyword(s):  
Influenza A Virus ◽  
Pandemic Influenza ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Influenza A Viruses ◽  
Lung Lesions ◽  
First Case ◽  
Influenza A H1n1 ◽  
Fattening Pigs

The Norwegian pig population was considered free from influenza A virus infections until the first case of porcine pandemic influenza A (H1N1) 2009 virus infection in October 2009. Human to pig transmission of virus was suspected. Unusual lung lesions were observed in fattening pigs, with red, lobular, multifocal to coalescing consolidation, most frequently in the cranial, middle, and accessory lobes. The main histopathological findings were epithelial degeneration and necrosis, lymphocyte infiltration in the epithelial lining and lamina propria of small bronchi and bronchioles, and peribronchial and peribronchiolar lymphocyte infiltrations. Infection with pandemic influenza A (H1N1) 2009 virus was confirmed by real-time RT-PCR and immunohistochemical detection of influenza A virus nucleoprotein in the lesions. This investigation shows that natural infection with the pandemic influenza A (H1N1) 2009 virus induces lung lesions similar to lesions described in experimental studies and natural infections with other swine-adapted subtypes of influenza A viruses.

scholarly journals Epidemiological Profile of Pandemic Influenza A (H1N1) 2009 at Dhaka Medical College Hospital

1970 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-6
Author(s):  
Quazi Tarikul Islam ◽  
Azizul Kahhar ◽  
Syed Mohammad Arif ◽  
Ahmedul Kabir ◽  
Khan Mohammed Arif ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pandemic Influenza ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Medical College Hospital ◽  
College Hospital ◽  
Case Record ◽  
Suspected Infection ◽  
Medical College ◽  
First Case ◽  
Influenza A H1n1 ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics

The first case of 2009 pandemic influenza A (H1N1) virus infection in Bangladesh was documented on June 18. Subsequently, persons with suspected cases of infection and contacts of those with suspected infection were tested. Individuals in whom infection was confirmed were hospitalized and quarantined, and some of them were closely observed for the purpose of investigating the nature and duration of the disease. In Dhaka Medical College Hospital, there were 28 admitted patients in flu ward and 2335 registered suspected H1N1 influenza cases attended in flue corner but 833 highly suspected cases were recorded in case record form. We describe the epidemiological characteristics of 28 indoor (flu ward) and 833 outdoor (flu corner) patients. Most of them were in between 20 to 30 years age group. Among 833 outdoor patients 611(73.34%) were male and 222(26.65%) were female. 354 (42.49%) patients were student, 195 (23.40%) were service holder. No patients (indoor) had any serious underlying medical conditions. Keywords: Pandemic influenza A (H1N1), Dhaka Medical College Hospital, Bangladesh, epidemiology. DOI:10.3329/jom.v11i1.4259 J Medicine 2010: 11: 3-6

scholarly journals Serum Antibody Response to Matrix Protein 2 Following Natural Infection With 2009 Pandemic Influenza A(H1N1) Virus in Humans

2013 ◽  
Vol 209 (7) ◽  
pp. 986-994 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weimin Zhong ◽  
Carrie Reed ◽  
Patrick J. Blair ◽  
Jacqueline M. Katz ◽  
Kathy Hancock ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibody Response ◽  
Pandemic Influenza ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Matrix Protein ◽  
H1n1 Virus ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
Serum Antibody ◽  
Serum Antibody Response ◽  
Influenza A H1n1

scholarly journals Surveillance of Influenza A and the pandemic influenza A (H1N1) 2009 in sewage and surface water in the Netherlands

2011 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 434-442 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leo Heijnen ◽  
Gertjan Medema
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Pandemic Influenza ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Water Cycle ◽  
Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
Influenza A Viruses ◽  
Infected People ◽  
Influenza A H1n1

The role of the water cycle in spreading human pathogenic influenza viruses is poorly studied and is not considered to be significant. However, gastrointestinal symptoms developed in a large proportion of influenza A (H1N1) 2009 virus infected people during the pandemic in 2009 and fecal shedding was reported. This fecal route could potentially play a role in the entry of human pathogenic influenza viruses in to the water cycle. Monitoring of influenza viruses in sewage and surface water during the pandemic in 2009 showed that influenza A viruses were detected in sewage and surface water. However, the pandemic influenza A (H1N1) 2009 virus was not detected. These findings imply that the water cycle did not play a relevant role in spreading the pandemic influenza virus during the epidemic in the Netherlands in 2009. Analyses of deliberately contaminated water samples confirmed the ability of quantitative RT-PCR to detect influenza viruses in sewage samples whereas the analysis of large volumes of surface water was strongly hampered by the presence of PCR-inhibiting substances.

Viral load and epidemiological profile of patients infected by pandemic influenza a (H1N1) 2009 and seasonal influenza a virus in Southern Brazil

2012 ◽  
Vol 84 (3) ◽  
pp. 371-379 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Beatriz Gorini da Veiga ◽  
Nélson Alexandre Kretzmann ◽  
Laura Trevizan Corrêa ◽  
Alessandra Mari Goshiyama ◽  
Tatiana Baccin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Load ◽  
Influenza A Virus ◽  
Pandemic Influenza ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Seasonal Influenza ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Influenza A H1n1 ◽  
Epidemiological Profile

A rapid test for the detection of influenza A virus including pandemic influenza A/H1N1 2009

2010 ◽  
Vol 167 (1) ◽  
pp. 100-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yixin Chen ◽  
Feihai Xu ◽  
Xun Gui ◽  
Kunyu Yang ◽  
Xingrong Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza A Virus ◽  
Pandemic Influenza ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Rapid Test ◽  
Influenza A H1n1

scholarly journals The impact of the pandemic influenza A(H1N1) 2009 virus on seasonal influenza A viruses in the southern hemisphere, 2009

2010 ◽  
Vol 15 (31) ◽  
Author(s):  
C C Blyth ◽  
A Kelso ◽  
K A McPhie ◽  
V M Ratnamohan ◽  
M Catton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Southern Hemisphere ◽  
Pandemic Influenza ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Seasonal Influenza ◽  
World Health ◽  
Influenza A Viruses ◽  
Complete Replacement ◽  
Influenza A H1n1 ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Pandemic Wave

Data collected over winter 2009 by five World Health Organisation National Influenza Centres in the southern hemisphere were used to examine the circulation of pandemic and seasonal influenza A strains during the first pandemic wave in the southern hemisphere. There is compelling evidence that the pandemic influenza A(H1N1) 2009 virus significantly displaced seasonal influenza A(H1N1) and, to a lesser extent, A(H3N2) viruses circulating in the southern hemisphere. Complete replacement of seasonal influenza A strains, however, was not observed during the first pandemic wave.

scholarly journals Cross-Species Infectivity of H3N8 Influenza Virus in an Experimental Infection in Swine

2015 ◽  
Vol 89 (22) ◽  
pp. 11190-11202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alicia Solórzano ◽  
Emanuela Foni ◽  
Lorena Córdoba ◽  
Massimiliano Baratelli ◽  
Elisabetta Razzuoli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Influenza A Virus ◽  
Experimental Infection ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Swine Influenza Virus ◽  
Influenza A Viruses ◽  
Species Barrier ◽  
Mammal Species

ABSTRACTAvian influenza A viruses have gained increasing attention due to their ability to cross the species barrier and cause severe disease in humans and other mammal species as pigs. H3 and particularly H3N8 viruses, are highly adaptive since they are found in multiple avian and mammal hosts. H3N8 viruses have not been isolated yet from humans; however, a recent report showed that equine influenza A viruses (IAVs) can be isolated from pigs, although an established infection has not been observed thus far in this host. To gain insight into the possibility of H3N8 avian IAVs to cross the species barrier into pigs,in vitroexperiments and an experimental infection in pigs with four H3N8 viruses from different origins (equine, canine, avian, and seal) were performed. As a positive control, an H3N2 swine influenza virus A was used. Although equine and canine viruses hardly replicated in the respiratory systems of pigs, avian and seal viruses replicated substantially and caused detectable lesions in inoculated pigs without previous adaptation. Interestingly, antibodies against hemagglutinin could not be detected after infection by hemagglutination inhibition (HAI) test with avian and seal viruses. This phenomenon was observed not only in pigs but also in mice immunized with the same virus strains. Our data indicated that H3N8 IAVs from wild aquatic birds have the potential to cross the species barrier and establish successful infections in pigs that might spread unnoticed using the HAI test as diagnostic tool.IMPORTANCEAlthough natural infection of humans with an avian H3N8 influenza A virus has not yet been reported, this influenza A virus subtype has already crossed the species barrier. Therefore, we have examined the potential of H3N8 from canine, equine, avian, and seal origin to productively infect pigs. Our results demonstrated that avian and seal viruses replicated substantially and caused detectable lesions in inoculated pigs without previous adaptation. Surprisingly, we could not detect specific antibodies against hemagglutinin in any H3N8-infected pigs. Therefore, special attention should be focused toward viruses of the H3N8 subtype since they could behave as stealth viruses in pigs.

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