Cognitive-Enhancing Effects of Polygalasaponin Hydrolysate in Aβ25–35-Induced Amnesic Mice

Polygalasaponins are the major active constituents ofPolygala tenuifoliaexhibiting antiamnesic activity, but their applications are limited due to their toxicities. Evidence showed that the toxicities can be attenuated by hydrolysis. Herein, effects of a hydrolysate of polygalasaponins (HPS) on cognitive impairment induced by Aβ25−35were assessed by Morris water maze and step-through passive avoidance tests. The impaired spatial reference memory was improved by HPS (50 and 100 mg/kg). In the acquisition trial of step-through test, HPS (50 and 100 mg/kg) increased the latency into the dark chamber and decreased the error frequency significantly (). However, no significant change was observed during the retention trial. Additionally, HPS increased the corresponding SOD activities (62.34%, 22.09%) and decreased MDA levels (28.21%, 32.35%) in both cortex and hippocampus as compared to model animals. These results show that HPS may be a useful treatment against amnesia probably via its antioxidant properties.

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Post-acquisition hippocampal NMDA receptor blockade sustains retention of spatial reference memory in Morris water maze

Behavioural Brain Research ◽

10.1016/j.bbr.2013.11.016 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 259 ◽

pp. 261-267 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Keisuke Shinohara ◽

Toshimichi Hata

Keyword(s):

Nmda Receptor ◽

Morris Water Maze ◽

Water Maze ◽

Reference Memory ◽

Receptor Blockade ◽

Spatial Reference ◽

Nmda Receptor Blockade ◽

Spatial Reference Memory

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Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Survivors Show Long-term Deficits in Spatial Reference Memory in a Pilot Study of a Virtual Water Maze Paradigm

Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery ◽

10.1016/j.clineuro.2021.106788 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 106788

Author(s):

Breana Sanchez ◽

Christi D. Delemos ◽

Kamal S. Sandhu ◽

Catherine Peterson ◽

Branden J. Cord ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Subarachnoid Hemorrhage ◽

Pilot Study ◽

Water Maze ◽

Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage ◽

Virtual Water ◽

Reference Memory ◽

Spatial Reference ◽

Spatial Reference Memory

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Spatial reference memory in GluR-A-deficient mice using a novel hippocampal-dependent paddling pool escape task

Hippocampus ◽

10.1002/hipo.10168 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 14 (2) ◽

pp. 216-223 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

W.B. Schmitt ◽

R.M.J. Deacon ◽

D. Reisel ◽

R. Sprengel ◽

P.H. Seeburg ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Reference Memory ◽

Spatial Reference ◽

Spatial Reference Memory ◽

Deficient Mice

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Unimpaired acquisition of spatial reference memory, but impaired homing performance in hippocampal-ablated pigeons

Behavioural Brain Research ◽

10.1016/0166-4328(88)90043-5 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 27 (2) ◽

pp. 179-187 ◽

Cited By ~ 69

Author(s):

Verner P. Bingman ◽

Paolo Ioalé ◽

Giovanni Casini ◽

Paola Bagnoli

Keyword(s):

Reference Memory ◽

Spatial Reference ◽

Spatial Reference Memory ◽

Homing Performance

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The basolateral amygdala orexin 1 and 2 receptors’ involvement in modulating spatial reference memory

Brain Research ◽

10.1016/j.brainres.2018.09.017 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 1704 ◽

pp. 16-25 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Motahareh Rouhi Ardeshiri ◽

Narges Hosseinmardi ◽

Esmaeil Akbari

Keyword(s):

Basolateral Amygdala ◽

Reference Memory ◽

Spatial Reference ◽

Spatial Reference Memory

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Traplining in bumblebees (Bombus impatiens): a foraging strategy’s ontogeny and the importance of spatial reference memory in short-range foraging

Oecologia ◽

10.1007/s00442-006-0607-9 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 151 (4) ◽

pp. 719-730 ◽

Cited By ~ 50

Author(s):

Nehal Saleh ◽

Lars Chittka

Keyword(s):

Short Range ◽

Reference Memory ◽

Bombus Impatiens ◽

Spatial Reference ◽

Spatial Reference Memory

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Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents, tolmetin and sulindac attenuate quinolinic acid (QA)-induced oxidative stress in primary hippocampal neurons and reduce QA-induced spatial reference memory deficits in male Wistar rats

Life Sciences ◽

10.1016/j.lfs.2007.01.006 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 80 (15) ◽

pp. 1431-1438 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Amichand Dairam ◽

Adrienne C. Müller ◽

Santy Daya

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Quinolinic Acid ◽

Hippocampal Neurons ◽

Wistar Rats ◽

Memory Deficits ◽

Reference Memory ◽

Spatial Reference ◽

Spatial Reference Memory ◽

Primary Hippocampal Neurons ◽

Male Wistar Rats

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Neuroinflammation Induced by Surgery Does Not Impair the Reference Memory of Young Adult Mice

Mediators of Inflammation ◽

10.1155/2016/3271579 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2016 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Yanhua Zhao ◽

Lili Huang ◽

Huan Xu ◽

Guangxi Wu ◽

Mengyi Zhu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factor ◽

Young Adult ◽

Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction ◽

Underlying Mechanism ◽

Reference Memory ◽

Behavior Changes ◽

Spatial Reference ◽

Adult Mice ◽

Spatial Reference Memory ◽

Old Mice

Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) increases morbidity and mortality after surgery. But the underlying mechanism is not clear yet. While age is now accepted as the top one risk factor for POCD, results from studies investigating postoperative cognitive functions in adults have been controversial, and data about the very young adult individuals are lacking. The present study investigated the spatial reference memory, IL-1β, IL-6, and microglia activation changes in the hippocampus in 2-month-old mice after anesthesia and surgery. We found that hippocampal IL-1βand IL-6 increased at 6 hours after surgery. Microglia were profoundly activated in the hippocampus 6 to 24 hours after surgery. However, no significant behavior changes were found in these mice. These results indicate that although anesthesia and surgery led to neuroinflammation, the latter was insufficient to impair the spatial reference memory of young adult mice.

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