HIV Sexual and Drug-Use Risk in Drug-Dependent Pregnant Patients in Comprehensive Drug Treatment

This secondary analysis study investigated HIV sexual and drug-use risk in drug-dependent pregnant patients over the first month postrandomization to reinforcement-based treatment (RBT) () or usual care (UC) (). Analysis of primary outcomes had indicated that RBT participants spent significantly longer time in treatment and recovery housing than UC participants. The present study examined the ability of 9 risk markers—age, race, estimated gestational age at treatment entry, lifetime substance abuse treatment episodes, history of prostitution charges, history of serious depression, current heroin injection status, current housing status, and current partner substance use—to predict changes in HIV risks. Sexual risk declined for participant subgroups with prostitution-charge histories and unstable housing. Drug-use risk declined for heroin injectors and nondepressed participants. A relationship was found between number of lifetime drug treatment episodes and sexual and drug-use risk. The role of risk markers in the response of drug-dependent pregnant women to drug treatment require attention.

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Drug Dependent Individuals Dealt With by London Casualty Departments

The British Journal of Psychiatry ◽

10.1192/bjp.131.3.273 ◽

1977 ◽

Vol 131 (3) ◽

pp. 273-280 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

A. Hamid Ghodse

Keyword(s):

Drug Use ◽

Great Majority ◽

High Incidence ◽

History Of ◽

Drug Dependent

SummaryDuring a study of drug incidents dealt with in one month by 62 casualty departments in Greater London, 395 drug-dependent individuals were identified. The great majority of these patients were seen in hospital following an overdose, and barbiturates were the drugs used most frequently. A high incidence of multi-drug use was noted, and many individuals had obtained their drugs from an illicit source. A history of repeated overdosing was common, and one fifth of the patients behaved aggressively while they were in casualty. The implications of these findings are discussed, with particular reference to the demands that are made on casualty departments by drug-dependent individuals.

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Drug Dependence During Pregnancy and the Postpartum Period

10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199778072.013.27 ◽

2014 ◽

Author(s):

Annemarie Unger ◽

Gabriele Fischer ◽

Loretta P. Finnegan

Keyword(s):

Drug Use ◽

Illicit Drug ◽

Child Outcomes ◽

Psychosocial Problems ◽

Medical Problems ◽

Psychiatric Comorbidities ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Maternal Drug Use ◽

Treatment Entry ◽

Drug Dependent

The chaotic lives of women who are drug dependent and their frequent lack of consistent prenatal care put them at risk for many medical problems during pregnancy. Illicit drug use during pregnancy also places women at increased risk for obstetrical complications. The complexity of medical problems in the pregnant drug abuser is complicated by the attendant psychosocial problems and psychiatric comorbidities seen in this population. Psychiatric diagnoses, treatment, and patient compliance are often hindered when the main focus of attention is on drug-related problems. The stigma associated with maternal drug use and difficult life circumstances are additional burdens to successful treatment entry and adherence for women. The basis for stabilizing most opioid-dependent pregnant women is agonist maintenance therapy in the context of comprehensive services, and the treatment of psychiatric comorbidities is a key component in optimizing pregnancy and child outcomes.

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The Correctional Opportunity: Pathways to Drug Treatment for Offenders

Journal of Drug Issues ◽

10.1177/002204269402400208 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 24 (2) ◽

pp. 331-348 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Douglas S. Lipton

Keyword(s):

Drug Abuse ◽

Drug Use ◽

Drug Treatment ◽

Substance Abusers ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Drug Abuse Treatment ◽

Criminal Histories ◽

The Right ◽

Abuse Treatment ◽

Program Components

The incarceration of persons found guilty of various crimes who are also chronic substance abusers presents an important opportunity for treatment. It is an important opportunity because they would be unlikely to seek treatment on their own, without treatment they are very apt to continue their drug use and criminality after release, and cost effective drug abuse treatment methods are now available to treat them while in custody (both during incarceration and aftercare) and significantly alter their lifestyles. Correctional authorities should now feel optimistic that chronic heroin and cocaine users with predatory criminal histories can be treated effectively. This article shares the success of the Stay'n Out and Cornerstone Programs that have been successful with serious drug abusing offenders, and the factors that make for success. It is the proper program components joined by thoughtful leadership in the right setting. These principles are generalizable and transferable to many locations.

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Residential Drug Abuse Treatment in the Federal Bureau of Prisons

Journal of Drug Issues ◽

10.1177/002204269302300105 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 23 (1) ◽

pp. 61-73 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Thomas J. Hayes ◽

Dennis J. Schimmel

Keyword(s):

Drug Abuse ◽

Drug Treatment ◽

Treatment Programs ◽

Drug Abuse Treatment ◽

Specific Content ◽

History Of ◽

Community Transition ◽

Abuse Treatment ◽

Development Structure ◽

Bureau Of Prisons

The Bureau of Prisons (BOP) has undertaken a major initiative to provide residential drug abuse treatment to incarcerated offenders. The residential program represents the most comprehensive and intensive option in a three-tiered drug abuse treatment strategy adopted by the BOP and available to federal inmates. The purpose of this article is to provide an overview of the development, structure and content of this program. As such, a brief history of drug treatment for federal prisoners is offered, with specific emphasis on how earlier treatment programs influenced the current strategy. Implementation and organization are discussed to provide insight into both the treatment and unit-based structure of prison-based drug treatment. An introduction to the specific content areas covered during treatment is provided as a primer to the comprehensive concept endorsed in the development of the program. Finally, the importance of community transition and the steps taken by treatment and unit staff to facilitate transition is provided.

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Drug use in street sex workers (DUSSK) study protocol: a feasibility and acceptability study of a complex intervention to reduce illicit drug use in drug-dependent female street sex workers

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2018-022728 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (11) ◽

pp. e022728

Author(s):

Nicola Jeal ◽

Rita Patel ◽

Niamh M Redmond ◽

Joanna M Kesten ◽

Sophie Ramsden ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Mental Health Services ◽

Drug Use ◽

Health Services ◽

Drug Treatment ◽

Complex Intervention ◽

Sex Workers ◽

Illicit Drug ◽

Drug Dependent ◽

Emdr Therapy

IntroductionPoor health of sex workers continues to be a source of international concern. Sex work is frequently linked with problematic drug use and drug-dependent sex workers typically work on the street, experiencing the greatest risks to health compared with the general population. Street sex workers (SSWs) are much more likely to have experienced incidences of physical and sexual assault, increasing their risk of developing post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). We have developed a novel complex intervention designed to reduce illicit drug use in drug-dependent female SSWs which involves: female SSW drug treatment groups (provided by a specialist charity) in a female SSW setting (female sex worker charity premises) provided by female-only staff, PTSD care with eye movement desensitisation and reprocessing (EMDR) therapy provided by female staff from National Health Service (NHS) mental health services.Methods and analysisA mixed methods study investigating the feasibility and acceptability of this intervention to inform the design of a future randomised controlled trial. The study aims to recruit up to 30 participants from November 2017 to March 2018 at a single site, with the intervention being delivered until December 2018. It will gather quantitative data using questionnaires and group attendance. Drug treatment group observations and in-depth interviews undertaken with up to 20 service users and 15 service providers to examine experiences and acceptability of the intervention. Study feasibility will be assessed by evaluating the recruitment and retention of participants to the intervention; the feasibility of NHS and third sector organisations working closely to coordinate care for a SSW population; the potential for specialist NHS mental health services to screen and provide EMDR therapy for drug-dependent SSWs and potential costs of implementing the intervention.Ethics and disseminationThis study was approved by South West–Frenchay Research Ethics Committee (REC reference: 17/SW/0033; IRAS ID: 220631) and the Health Research Authority (HRA). Findings will be disseminated through research conferences and peer-reviewed journals.

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Development and Validation of a Client Problem Profile and Index for Drug Treatment

Psychological Reports ◽

10.2466/pr0.95.1.215-234 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 95 (1) ◽

pp. 215-234 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

George W. Joe ◽

D. Dwayne Simpson ◽

Jack M. Greener ◽

Grace A. Rowan-Szal

Keyword(s):

Drug Use ◽

Drug Treatment ◽

Predictive Validity ◽

Psychosocial Functioning ◽

Methadone Treatment ◽

Multiple Drug ◽

Index Number ◽

Validity Data ◽

Hiv Risks ◽

Therapeutic Engagement

The development of the Client Problem Profile and Index are described, and initial concurrent and predictive validity data are presented for a sample of 547 patients in outpatient methadone treatment. Derived from the TCU Brief Intake for drug treatment admissions, the profile covers 14 problem areas related to drug use (particularly cocaine, heroin/opiate, marijuana, other illegal drugs, and multiple drug use), HIV risks, psychosocial functioning, health, employment, and criminality. Analyses of predictive validity show the profile and its index (number of problem areas) were significantly related to therapeutic engagement, during-treatment performance, and posttreatment follow-up outcomes. Low moderate to high moderate effect sizes were observed in analyses of the index's discrimination.

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Residential Treatment for Women Parolees Following Prison-Based Drug Treatment: Treatment Experiences, Needs and Services, Outcomes

The Prison Journal ◽

10.1177/0032855596076003002 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 76 (3) ◽

pp. 253-274 ◽

Cited By ~ 52

Author(s):

MICHAEL L. PRENDERGAST ◽

JEAN WELLISCH ◽

MAMIE MEE WONG

Keyword(s):

Drug Use ◽

Drug Treatment ◽

Residential Treatment ◽

Relapse Prevention ◽

The Other ◽

California Institute ◽

Substance Abuse Program ◽

Complete Treatment ◽

Treatment Entry ◽

Prevention Training

This article reports on an evaluation of the community residential phase of a prison-based program for drug-using women, the Forever Free Substance Abuse Program at the California Institute for Women. Three groups were interviewed: graduates from Forever Free who entered residential treatment, graduates who did not enter residential treatment, and women who applied to Forever Free but were not able to enter. The study assessed treatment experiences, needs and services received, and drug use and parole outcomes 1 year after the women were released from prison. Briefly, findings indicate that the women's needs for relapse prevention training and drug treatment were not met, women often did not complete treatment, and women who participated in community residential treatment had lower self-reported drug use rates and higher levels of successful parole discharge than women in the other two groups. Multiple needs beyond drug treatment must be addressed to increase treatment entry and improve retention in programs.

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