Thyroid Tissue Connected to Normally Located Thyroid Gland: Ectopic or Exophytic?

Ectopic thyroid tissue is seen rarely. It is often seen in cervical midline, and rarely in other areas such as submandibular area. Diagnosis is made histopathologically by fine needle biopsy after the elimination of malignancy. In the treatment of ectopic thyroid tissue, surgical excision is mostly applied. According to our knowledge, there is no exophytic thyroid tissue reported in the literature. In this paper, a 32-year-old woman who presented with a swelling under the right jaw and found a thyroid tissue attached to the normally located thyroid gland with a fibrous band in the neck was discussed.

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Submandibular ectopic thyroid tissue diagnosed by ultrasound-guided fine needle biopsy

Journal of Oral Science ◽

10.2334/josnusd.53.249 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 53 (2) ◽

pp. 249-252 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Myrsini G. Gkeli ◽

Sergios Apergis ◽

Eirini Klapsinou ◽

Nikolaos Galiatsatos ◽

Despina Proestou ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Needle Biopsy ◽

Thyroid Tissue ◽

Fine Needle Biopsy ◽

Ectopic Thyroid ◽

Ultrasound Guided ◽

Fine Needle ◽

Ectopic Thyroid Tissue

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Ectopic Thyroid Tissue in Submandibular Region in Pediatric Patient: A Case Report

Journal of Institute of Medicine ◽

10.3126/jiom.v42i3.37604 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 42 (3) ◽

pp. 106-108

Author(s):

Rohita Bajracharya ◽

Heempali Dutta

Keyword(s):

Case Report ◽

Thyroid Gland ◽

Thyroid Tissue ◽

Surgical Excision ◽

Ectopic Thyroid ◽

Anatomical Location ◽

Rare Presentation ◽

Submandibular Region ◽

Normal Thyroid ◽

Ectopic Thyroid Tissue

Normal anatomical location of thyroid gland is anterior to trachea and larynx. Ectopic thyroid is rare presentation. Ectopic thyroid tissue in submandibular region is even more rare. This article reports a case of five year old child who presented with swelling in left submandibular region which was later diagnosed to be an ectopic thyroid gland with no thyroid tissue in thyroid bed. Although rare, physician should consider possibility of ectopic thyroid in patient presenting with submandibular mass. Ultrasonography should always be performed to confirm presence of normal thyroid gland if surgical excision is planned.

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Developing anterior mediastinum mass after orthotopic thyroidectomy: a case report

Egyptian Journal of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine ◽

10.1186/s43055-020-00377-x ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 51 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Rita Meira Soares Camelo ◽

José Maria Barros

Keyword(s):

Thyroid Gland ◽

Total Thyroidectomy ◽

Thyroid Tissue ◽

Anterior Mediastinum ◽

Ectopic Thyroid ◽

Ectopic Thyroid Tissue ◽

Ectopic Tissue ◽

Thyroid Scan ◽

Imaging Results ◽

Adjacent Structures

Abstract Background Ectopic thyroid tissue is a rare embryological aberration described by the occurrence of thyroid tissue at a site other than in its normal pretracheal location. Depending on the time of the disruption during embryogenesis, ectopic thyroid may occur at several positions from the base of the tongue to the thyroglossal duct. Ectopic mediastinal thyroid tissue is normally asymptomatic, but particularly after orthotopic thyroidectomy, it might turn out to be symptomatic. Symptoms are normally due to compression of adjacent structures. Case presentation We present a case of a 66-year-old male submitted to a total thyroidectomy 3 years ago, due to multinodular goiter (pathological results revealed nodular hyperplasia and no evidence of malignancy), under thyroid replacement therapy. Over the last year, he developed hoarseness, choking sensation in the chest, and shortness of breath. Thyroid markers were unremarkable. He was submitted to neck and thoracic computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and radionuclide thyroid scan. Imaging results identified an anterior mediastinum solid lesion. A radionuclide thyroid scan confirmed the diagnosis of ectopic thyroid tissue. The patient refused surgery. Conclusions Ectopic thyroid tissue can occur either as the only detectable thyroid gland tissue or in addition to a normotopic thyroid gland. After a total thyroidectomy, thyroid-stimulating hormone can promote a compensatory volume growth of previously asymptomatic ectopic tissue. This can be particularly diagnosis challenging since ectopic tissue can arise as an ambiguous space-occupying lesion.

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Submandibular ectopic thyroid gland: an uncommon presentation

The Egyptian Journal of Otolaryngology ◽

10.1186/s43163-021-00124-7 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 37 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Inès Riahi ◽

Rim Fradi ◽

Ibtissem Ben Nacef ◽

Ahlem Blel

Keyword(s):

Thyroid Gland ◽

Thyroid Tissue ◽

Ectopic Thyroid ◽

Lingual Thyroid ◽

Submandibular Region ◽

Case Presentation ◽

Thyroglossal Duct ◽

Common Presentation ◽

Ectopic Thyroid Tissue ◽

Uncommon Presentation

Abstract Background Ectopic thyroid is a developmental anomaly of the thyroid gland of embryological origin. Instead of having a pretracheal situation, thyroid tissue is elsewhere, most commonly in the median cervical line along the course of the thyroglossal duct. Lingual thyroid is the most common presentation. Ectopic thyroid tissue in the submandibular region has been rarely reported. Case presentation We report herein a case of a 65-year-old man admitted to our department with a complaint of a painless swelling in the left submandibular region. Conclusions Thyroid gland ectopia should be considered among the differential diagnoses of submandibular swelling. Ectopic thyroid tissue can present with the same pathology affecting the normal thyroid gland such as malignancy and hyperthyroidism.

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Ectopic thyroid tissue presenting as an external auditory canal mass

International Journal of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery ◽

10.18203/issn.2454-5929.ijohns20190066 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 476

Author(s):

Nishikanta Verma ◽

Samuel Devanesan Abishegam ◽

Abdul Razak Bin Haji Ahmad

Keyword(s):

Thyroid Gland ◽

Thyroid Tissue ◽

The Body ◽

Ectopic Thyroid ◽

Thyroid Function Tests ◽

External Ear ◽

Ear Canal ◽

Developmental Defects ◽

External Ear Canal ◽

Ectopic Thyroid Tissue

<p class="abstract">An ectopic thyroid is a rare occurrence with a majority of ectopic thyroid tissue located in the lingual region or in the midline. The abnormal sites represent developmental defects in migration from the floor of the primitive foregut at the foramen caecum of the tongue to the final pre-tracheal position of the gland. A few cases of ectopic thyroid tissue have also been reported from sites seemingly unrelated to the normal development of the thyroid gland. We report a case of ectopic thyroid in the external ear canal, which presented as a small reddish mass in the external ear canal. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first such reported case in literature and adds to the body of knowledge in such cases. Although such a finding is exceedingly rare, the authors recommend routine histopathology in all cases of polyps in the external canal and standard investigation for the status of the residual thyroid gland via isotope scans, ultrasonography or thyroid function tests.</p>

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Endoscopic ultrasound-guided liver biopsy using a 22-G fine needle biopsy needle: a prospective study

Endoscopy ◽

10.1055/a-0967-3640 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 51 (09) ◽

pp. 818-824 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Muhammad K. Hasan ◽

Kambiz Kadkhodayan ◽

Evgeny Idrisov ◽

Saeed Ali ◽

Ehsan Rafiq ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Liver Biopsy ◽

Endoscopic Ultrasound ◽

Needle Biopsy ◽

Fine Needle Biopsy ◽

Left Lobe ◽

Secondary Outcome ◽

Cumulative Number ◽

Ultrasound Guided ◽

Fine Needle ◽

The Right

Abstract Background Endoscopic ultrasound-guided liver biopsy (EUS-LB) using a 19-gauge (19-G) EUS needle is becoming increasingly popular. We evaluated the efficacy and safety of a 22-G EUS fine needle biopsy (FNB) needle for performing EUS-LB. Methods Patients referred for evaluation of elevated liver enzymes and without obstructive disease requiring endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) were included. Using a 22-G FNB needle, two passes were made from the left lobe and one from the right. The main outcome measure was adequacy of the specimen for histology interpretation, and the secondary outcome was the safety of EUS-guided liver biopsy with a 22-G FNB needle. Patients were followed for post-procedure complications for 30 days. Results 40 patients (median age 61 years; 26 women) underwent EUS-LB. Analyzing by needle passes, the median longest core fragment was 12 mm (1st quartile – 3rd quartile 10 mm – 16.25 mm, interquartile range [IQR] 6.25 mm) from the left lobe and 11 mm (10 mm – 15.75 mm, IQR 5.75 mm) from the right lobe. The median cumulative core length per patient was 55 mm (44.5 mm – 68 mm, IQR 23.5 mm). The median cumulative number of complete portal triads (CPTs) per patient was 42 (28.5 – 53, IQR 24.5). The specimen was considered adequate in all 40 patients (100 %). Self-limiting abdominal pain was reported in 6 patients (15 %). Conclusions EUS-LB using a 22-G FNB needle is a safe and viable alternative to the use of larger gauge needles, yielding adequate tissue for evaluation of parenchymal disease in 100 % of the patients.

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Papillary thyroid carcinoma in a lateral neck cyst: primary of ectopic thyroid tissue versus cystic metastasis

The Journal of Laryngology & Otology ◽

10.1017/s0022215113001205 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 127 (7) ◽

pp. 724-727 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

J J Xu ◽

K Kwan ◽

K Fung

Keyword(s):

Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma ◽

Thyroid Gland ◽

Thyroid Carcinoma ◽

Papillary Carcinoma ◽

Thyroid Tissue ◽

Ectopic Thyroid ◽

Cystic Degeneration ◽

Lateral Neck ◽

Papillary Thyroid ◽

Ectopic Thyroid Tissue

AbstractObjective:To review the diagnosis of primary papillary carcinoma of ectopic thyroid tissue within branchial cleft cysts, and to discuss the diagnostic challenge of differentiating this condition from metastatic disease when an occult microcarcinoma is found in the thyroid gland.Methods:These comprise a case report and a literature review. We present the case of a 75-year-old woman with papillary thyroid carcinoma within the wall of a recurrent, 15 cm, lateral neck cyst.Results:Histological examination of the patient's thyroid gland found a 0.5 mm papillary thyroid microcarcinoma.Conclusion:Our differential diagnosis was primary papillary carcinoma arising from ectopic thyroid tissue, or metastatic cystic degeneration of a lateral lymph node. We make an argument for the former.

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Ectopic thyroid tissue: anatomical, clinical, and surgical implications of a rare entity

Acta Endocrinologica ◽

10.1530/eje-11-0461 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 165 (3) ◽

pp. 375-382 ◽

Cited By ~ 151

Author(s):

George Noussios ◽

Panagiotis Anagnostis ◽

Dimitrios G Goulis ◽

Dimitrios Lappas ◽

Konstantinos Natsis

Keyword(s):

Thyroid Gland ◽

Management Strategies ◽

Thyroid Tissue ◽

Rare Condition ◽

Ectopic Thyroid ◽

Rare Entity ◽

Developmental Defects ◽

Symptomatic Disease ◽

Ectopic Thyroid Tissue ◽

Radioiodine Ablation

Ectopic thyroid tissue is a rare entity resulting from developmental defects at early stages of thyroid gland embryogenesis, during its passage from the floor of the primitive foregut to its final pre-tracheal position. It is frequently found around the course of the thyroglossal duct or laterally in the neck, as well as in distant places such as the mediastinum and the subdiaphragmatic organs. Although most cases are asymptomatic, symptoms related to tumor size and its relationship with surrounding tissues may also appear. Any disease affecting the thyroid gland may also involve the ectopic thyroid, including malignancy. The clinician must distinguish between ectopic thyroid and metastatic deposits emerging from an orthotopic gland, as well as other benign or malignant masses. Thyroid scintigraphy plays the most important role in diagnosing ectopy, but ultrasonography contributes as well. In cases of symptomatic disease, surgery is the treatment of choice, followed by radioiodine ablation and levothyroxine suppression therapy in more refractory cases. This review provides current understanding about the wide clinical spectrum of this rare condition, also referring to optimal diagnostic approach, differential diagnosis, and management strategies.

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