scholarly journals A Predictive Model for Daily Inoculum Levels ofGibberella zeaein Passo Fundo, Brazil

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcio Nicolau ◽  
J. M. C. Fernandes
Keyword(s):  
Data Model ◽  
Binary Data ◽  
Gibberella Zeae ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Parameter Inference ◽  
Management Planning ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Binary Response Variable ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Risk Management Planning

The deposition of spores ofGibberella zeae, the causal agent ofFusariumhead blight of wheat, was monitored during 2008–2011, in Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil. The sampling was carried out in a 31-day period around wheat flowering. The numbers of colonies formed were related to meteorological variables. In this study, a hierarchical autoregressive binary data model was used. The model relates a binary response variable to potential covariates while accounting for dependence over discrete time points. This paper proposes an approach for both model parameter inference and prediction at future time points using the Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC). The developed model appeared to have a high degree of accuracy and may have implications in the disease control and risk-management planning.

An Overview of Risk Management Planning

EDIS ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Martie Gillen ◽  
Beatrice Pierre
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Government Programs ◽  
Management Planning ◽  
Risk Management Planning

As risks evolve and diversify, approaches to conducting business require a targeted focus on risk management, particularly in agriculture. This new 3-page document explores risk in agriculture, the need to understand risk, formation of strategies to manage risk, and government programs that exist to help growers and producers manage risk. Written by Martie Gillen and Beatrice Pierre, and published by the UF/IFAS Department of Family, Youth and Community Sciences, May 2019.  http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/fy1482

Comparing Genetic Variation within Red Winter Wheat Populations with and without Image-Based Optical Sorter Selection

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 266-277
Author(s):  
Hussein M. Khaeim ◽  
Anthony Clark ◽  
Tom Pearson ◽  
Dr. David Van Sanford
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Heading Date ◽  
Fusarium Head Blight Resistance ◽  
Gibberella Zeae ◽  
Mass Selection ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Red Winter Wheat ◽  
Two Populations ◽  
Head Scab

Head scab is historically a devastating disease affecting not just all classes of wheat but also barley and other small grains around the world. Fusarium head blight (FHB), or head scab, is caused most often by Fusarium graminearum (Schwabe), (sexual stage – Gibberella zeae) although several Fusarium spp. can cause the disease. This study was conducted to determine the effect of mass selection for FHB resistance using an image-based optical sorter. lines were derived from the C0 and C2 of two populations to compare genetic variation within populations with and without sorter selection. Our overall hypothesis is that sorting grain results in improved Fusarium head blight resistance. Both of the used wheat derived line populations have genetic variation, and population 1 has more than population 17. They are significantly different from each other for fusarium damged kernel (FDK), deoxynivalenol (DON), and other FHB traits. Although both populations are suitable to be grown for bulks, population 1 seems better since it has more genetic variation as well as lower FDK and DON, and earlier heading date. Lines within each population were significantly different and some lines in each population had significantly lower FDK and DON after selection using an optical sorter. Some lines had significant reduction in both FDK and DON, and some others had either FDK or DON reduction. Lines of population 1 that had significant reduction, were more numerous than in population 17, and FDK and DON reduction were greater.

scholarly journals Effective risk management planning for those convicted of sexual offending

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 237-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie Kewley ◽  
Anthony Beech ◽  
Leigh Harkins ◽  
Helen Bonsall
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Sexual Offending ◽  
Management Planning ◽  
Risk Management Planning

scholarly journals Survival and Inoculum Production of Gibberella zeae in Wheat Residue

Plant Disease ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 88 (7) ◽  
pp. 724-730 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. A. Pereyra ◽  
R. Dill-Macky ◽  
A. L. Sims
Keyword(s):  
Management Strategies ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Gibberella Zeae ◽  
Effective Management ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Residue Decomposition ◽  
Inoculum Production ◽  
Mesh Bags

Survival and inoculum production of Gibberella zeae (Schwein.) Petch (anamorph Fusarium graminearum (Schwabe)), the causal agent of Fusarium head blight of wheat and barley, was related to the rate of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) residue decomposition. Infested wheat residue, comprising intact nodes, internodes, and leaf sheaths, was placed in fiberglass mesh bags on the soil surface and at 7.5- to 10-cm and 15- to 20-cm depths in chisel-plowed plots and 15 to 20 cm deep in moldboard-plowed plots in October 1997. Residue was sampled monthly from April through November during 1998 and every 2 months through April to October 1999. Buried residue decomposed faster than residue placed on the soil surface. Less than 2% of the dry-matter residue remained in buried treatments after 24 months in the field, while 25% of the residue remained in the soil-surface treatment. Survival of G. zeae on node tissues was inversely related to the residue decomposition rate. Surface residue provided a substrate for G. zeae for a longer period of time than buried residue. Twenty-four months after the initiation of the trial, the level of colonization of nodes in buried residue was half the level of colonization of residue on the soil surface. Colonization of node tissues by G. zeae decreased over time, but increased for other Fusarium spp. Ascospores of G. zeae were still produced on residue pieces after 23 months, and these spores were capable of inducing disease. Data from this research may assist in developing effective management strategies for residues infested with G. zeae.

scholarly journals Anthesis, the infectious process and disease progress curves for fusarium head blight in wheat

2016 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 134-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erlei Melo Reis ◽  
Cristina Boareto ◽  
Anderson Luiz Durante Danelli ◽  
Sandra Maria Zoldan
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Gibberella Zeae ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Infectious Process ◽  
Disease Progress ◽  
Winter Cereals ◽  
Aggregation Pattern ◽  
Adverse Weather

ABSTRACT Fusarium head blight of wheat (Triticum aestivum), caused by the fungus Gibberella zeae, is a floral infecting disease that causes quantitative and qualitative losses to winter cereals. In Brazil, the sanitary situation of wheat has led to research in order to develop strategies for sustainable production, even under adverse weather conditions. To increase the knowledge of the relationship among the presence of anthesis, the infectious process, the disease progress and the saprophytic fungi present in wheat anthers, studies were conducted in the experimental field of University of Passo Fundo (UPF), using the cultivar Marfim, in the 2011 growing season. The disease incidence in spikes and spikelets was evaluated. The presence of exserted anthers increased the spike exposure time to the inoculum. The final incidence of fusarium head blight, in the field, was dependent on the presence of exserted anthers. The disease followed an aggregation pattern and its evolution increased with time, apparently showing growth according to secondary cycles. The fungi isolated from exserted anthers (Alternaria sp., Fusarium sp., Drechslera spp. and Epicoccum sp.) did not compete for the infection site of fusarium head blight in wheat, not interfering with the incidence of F. graminearum.

Risk Management in the Cloud and Cloud Outages

2015 ◽  
pp. 1721-1731
Author(s):  
S. Srinivasan
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Cloud Service ◽  
Virtual Private Network ◽  
User Perspective ◽  
Management Planning ◽  
Amazon Web Services ◽  
Private Network ◽  
Cloud Users ◽  
Cloud User ◽  
Risk Management Planning

Cloud computing is facilitated often through the open Internet, which is not designed for secure communications. From the cloud user perspective, access to the cloud through a Virtual Private Network (VPN) is a possibility, but this is not the default access method for all cloud users. Given this reality, the cloud service users must be prepared for risk management because they do not control the cloud hardware or the communication channels. Added to this uncertainty is the potential for cloud service outage for risk management planning. In this chapter, the authors discuss the various aspects of risk management from the cloud user perspective. In addition, they analyze some of the major cloud outages over the past five years that have resulted in loss of trust. This list includes the outages in Amazon Web Services, Google, Windows, and Rackspace.

Risk Management Planning, Sustainability Risks Management, and Risk Stakeholders

2017 ◽  
pp. 272-313
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Management Strategy ◽  
Risk Management Strategy ◽  
Management Planning ◽  
New Concepts ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Risk Management Planning

Concepts in risk management in PPP projects have continuously evolved over the years. Introduction of new concepts, risk management planning, sustainability risk management and risk stakeholders, create a greater understanding of the acceptable workings of PPP projects. This chapter aims to investigate and compare these concepts in academic literatures and to the practices of PPP project implementations as exemplified in numerous PPP projects. This chapter reviews and analyzes information on these concepts. Extant literatures are reviewed and their take on the concepts are compared with the results obtained from the case studies. The chapter found both similarities and differences and also suggests some interesting researches on several key areas that should be emphasized for a better take in having an effective risk management strategy.

scholarly journals Variation and Transgression of Aggressiveness Among Two Gibberella zeae Crosses Developed from Highly Aggressive Parental Isolates

2010 ◽  
Vol 100 (9) ◽  
pp. 904-912 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans-Henning Voss ◽  
Robert L. Bowden ◽  
John F. Leslie ◽  
Thomas Miedaner
Keyword(s):  
Host Resistance ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Genotypic Variation ◽  
Gibberella Zeae ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Genotypic Variance ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Winter Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Transgressive Segregants

Gibberella zeae (anamorph: Fusarium graminearum) is the most common cause of Fusarium head blight (FHB) of wheat (Triticum aestivum) worldwide. Aggressiveness is the most important fungal trait affecting disease severity and stability of host resistance. Objectives were to analyze in two field experiments (i) segregation for aggressiveness among 120 progenies from each of two crosses of highly aggressive parents and (ii) stability of FHB resistance of seven moderately to highly resistant winter wheat cultivars against isolates varying for aggressiveness. Aggressiveness was measured as FHB severity per plot, Fusarium exoantigen absorbance, and deoxynivalenol content. In the first experiment, mean FHB ratings were 20 to 49% across environments and progeny. Significant genotypic variation was detected in both crosses (P < 0.01). Isolate–environment interaction explained approximately half of the total variance. Two transgressive segregants were found in cross B across environments. Traits were significantly (P < 0.05) intercorrelated. In the second experiment, despite significant (P < 0.05) genotypic variance for cultivar and isolate, no significant (P > 0.05) interaction was observed for any trait. In conclusion, progeny of highly aggressive parents might exhibit increased aggressiveness due to recombination and may, therefore, adapt nonspecifically to increased quantitative host resistance.

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