scholarly journals A Review of Amoebic Liver Abscess for Clinicians in a Nonendemic Setting

2012 ◽  
Vol 26 (10) ◽  
pp. 729-733 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terry Wuerz ◽  
Jennifer B Kane ◽  
Andrea K Boggild ◽  
Sigmund Krajden ◽  
Jay S Keystone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Entamoeba Histolytica ◽  
Liver Abscess ◽  
Clinical Data ◽  
Protozoan Parasite ◽  
Oral Route ◽  
Amoebic Liver Abscess ◽  
Topical Review ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Life Threatening Complication ◽  
The Tropics

Amoebic liver abscess (ALA) is an uncommon but potentially life-threatening complication of infection with the protozoan parasiteEntamoeba histolytica. E histolyticais widely distributed throughout the tropics and subtropics, causing up to 40 million infections annually. The parasite is transmitted via the fecal-oral route, and once it establishes itself in the colon, it has the propensity to invade the mucosa, leading to ulceration and colitis, and to disseminate to distant extraintestinal sites, the most common of which is the liver. The authors provide a topical review of ALA and summarize clinical data from a series of 29 patients with ALA presenting to seven hospitals in Toronto, Ontario, a nonendemic setting, over 30 years.

scholarly journals Fate of Entamoeba histolytica during Establishment of Amoebic Liver Abscess Analyzed by Quantitative Radioimaging and Histology

2002 ◽  
Vol 70 (6) ◽  
pp. 3208-3215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie-Christine Rigothier ◽  
Hout Khun ◽  
Paulo Tavares ◽  
Ana Cardona ◽  
Michel Huerre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Entamoeba Histolytica ◽  
Liver Abscess ◽  
Host Response ◽  
Acute Inflammation ◽  
Protozoan Parasite ◽  
Inflammatory Cells ◽  
Amoebic Liver Abscess ◽  
Detailed Assessment ◽  
Hepatic Lesions ◽  
Liver Infection

ABSTRACT The protozoan parasite Entamoeba histolytica is the causative agent of amoebiasis, a human disease characterized by dysentery and liver abscess. The physiopathology of hepatic lesions can be satisfactorily reproduced in the hamster animal model by the administration of trophozoites through the portal vein route. Hamsters were infected with radioactively labeled amoebas for analysis of liver abscess establishment and progression. The radioimaging of material from parasite origin and quantification of the number inflammation foci, with or without amoebas, described here provides the first detailed assessment of trophozoite survival and death during liver infection by E. histolytica. The massive death of trophozoites observed in the first hours postinfection correlates with the presence of a majority of inflammatory foci without parasites. A critical point for success of infection is reached after 12 h when the lowest number of trophozoites is observed. The process then enters a commitment phase during which parasites multiply and the size of the infection foci increases fast. The liver shows extensive areas of dead hepatocytes that are surrounded by a peripheral layer of parasites facing inflammatory cells leading to acute inflammation. Our results show that the host response promotes massive parasite death but also suggest also that this is a major contributor to the establishment of inflammation during development of liver abscess.

scholarly journals Overexpression of Specific Cysteine Peptidases Confers Pathogenicity to a Nonpathogenic Entamoeba histolytica Clone

mBio ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenny Matthiesen ◽  
Ann-Katrein Bär ◽  
Anne-Kathrin Bartels ◽  
Dennis Marien ◽  
Susann Ofori ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Entamoeba Histolytica ◽  
Liver Abscess ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Axenic Culture ◽  
Protozoan Parasite ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Amoebic Liver Abscess ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Pathogenicity Factors ◽  
Cysteine Peptidases

ABSTRACTCysteine peptidases (CPs) ofEntamoeba histolyticaare considered to be important pathogenicity factors. Previous studies have found that under standard axenic culture conditions, only four (ehcp-a1,ehcp-a2,ehcp-a5, andehcp-a7) out of 35 papain-likeehcpgenes present in theE. histolyticagenome are expressed at high levels. Little is known about the expression of CPs inE. histolyticaduring amoebic liver abscess (ALA) formation. In the current study, a quantitative real-time PCR assay was developed to determine the expression of the variousehcpgenes during ALA formation in animal models. Increased expression of fourehcpgenes (ehcp-a3,-a4,-a10, and-c13) was detected in the gerbil and mouse models. Increased expression of another threeehcpgenes (ehcp-a5,-a6, and-a7) was detected in the mouse model only, and two otherehcpgenes (ehcp-b8and-b9) showed increased expression in the gerbil model only. Trophozoites of the nonpathogenicE. histolyticaHM-1:IMSS clone A1, which was unable to induce ALAs, were transfected with vectors enabling overexpression of those CPs that are expressed at high levels under culture conditions or during ALA formation. Interestingly, overexpression ofehcp-b8,-b9, and-c13restored the pathogenic phenotype of the nonpathogenic clone A1 whereas overexpression of various other peptidase genes had no effect on the pathogenicity of this clone.IMPORTANCEEntamoeba histolyticais a widespread and clinically important protozoan parasite. It normally exists in the human intestine without causing clinical symptoms but can invade the intestinal mucosa, which causes serious intestinal (amoebic colitis) and extraintestinal (amoebic liver abscess [ALA]) diseases. The identification of factors responsible for the invasion of the parasite and disease formation is a major topic in the field. Here, we investigate the roles of different papain-like cysteine peptidases (CPs) as pathogenicity factors. We show that the expression of some of the peptidases that are normally expressed at low levels increases during ALA formation. Furthermore, nonpathogenic amoebae can be transformed to pathogenic amoebae, simply by specific overexpression of some of these CPs. Our findings reinforce the importance of CPs as pathogenicity factors ofE. histolytica.

scholarly journals Entamoeba histolytica acetyl–CoA synthetase: biomarker of acute amoebic liver abscess

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 446-450
Author(s):  
Lim Boon Huat ◽  
Alfonso Olivos Garcia ◽  
Tan Zi Ning ◽  
Wong Weng Kin ◽  
Rahmah Noordin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Entamoeba Histolytica ◽  
Liver Abscess ◽  
Amoebic Liver Abscess ◽  
Acetyl Coa

A RARE CASE OF COMPLICATED LIVER ABSCESS WITH MIDDLE HEPATIC VEIN THROMBOSIS: A CASE REPORT AND REVIEW OF LITERATURE

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-2
Author(s):  
V.P.S. Punia ◽  
Praveen Raman Mishra ◽  
Shaavi Mittal ◽  
Akash Bharti ◽  
Prem Kumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Abscess ◽  
Hepatic Vein ◽  
Middle Hepatic Vein ◽  
Amoebic Liver Abscess ◽  
Hepatic Veins ◽  
Review Of Literature ◽  
Extraintestinal Manifestation ◽  
Vein Thrombosis ◽  
Histolytica Infection ◽  
Life Threatening

In developing countries Amoebic liver abscess is commonly encountered disease and it’s also the commonest extraintestinal manifestation of Entamoeba histolytica infection. Usual complication of Amoebic liver abscess arises due to collection of pus in various cavities, like in peritoneal cavity following perforation, in the pleural cavity which is known as empyema thoracis, and rarely it is complicated by life threatening conditions such as venous extension of the disease involving the hepatic veins and IVC, with only few cases reported. Here we describe a case of amoebic liver abscess extending across middle hepatic vein.

Linearolactone and Kaempferol Disrupt the Actin Cytoskeleton in Entamoeba histolytica: Inhibition of Amoebic Liver Abscess Development

2020 ◽  
Vol 83 (12) ◽  
pp. 3671-3680
Author(s):  
José Antonio Velázquez-Domínguez ◽  
Verónica Ivonne Hernández-Ramírez ◽  
Fernando Calzada ◽  
Luis Varela-Rodríguez ◽  
Diana L. Pichardo-Hernández ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Actin Cytoskeleton ◽  
Entamoeba Histolytica ◽  
Liver Abscess ◽  
Amoebic Liver Abscess

scholarly journals CpG-Oligodeoxynucleotide Is a Potent Adjuvant with an Entamoeba histolytica Gal-Inhibitable Lectin Vaccine against Amoebic Liver Abscess in Gerbils

2006 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 528-536 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine P. A. Ivory ◽  
Kathy Keller ◽  
Kris Chadee
Keyword(s):  
Entamoeba Histolytica ◽  
Protozoan Parasite ◽  
Amoebic Liver Abscess ◽  
Interleukin 12 ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Cpg Odn ◽  
Cpg Oligodeoxynucleotide ◽  
Th1 Cytokines ◽  
And Control

ABSTRACT The protozoan parasite Entamoeba histolytica causes invasive amoebiasis characterized by amoebic dysentery and liver abscesses (ALA). The E. histolytica galactose/N-acetyl-d-galactosamine-inhibitable lectin (Gal-lectin), an immunogenic surface molecule involved in colonization and invasion, is a promising vaccine candidate against amoebiasis. Gal-lectin is known to induce Th1 cytokines in macrophages and spleen cells in vitro, and a Th1 response is thought to be protective against ALA. In this study, we report the use of cytosine guanine oligodeoxynucleotide (CpG-ODN) as adjuvant to augment Th1 responses against Gal-lectin in the gerbil model of ALA. Gerbils were vaccinated intramuscularly with the native Gal-lectin plus CpG-ODN or a paired non-CpG control GpC-ODN, and control gerbils received CpG-ODN alone. One week after the last boost gerbils were challenged intrahepatically with 106 amoebae. Gerbils receiving CpG-ODN as adjuvant with Gal-lectin were completely protected against the development of ALA, whereas 50% of gerbils receiving GpC-ODN and Gal-lectin developed ALA and 85% of controls developed ALA. Stronger lymphoproliferation in response to the Gal-lectin and higher prechallenge titers of serum Gal-lectin-specific antibodies, capable of blocking amoebic adherence, were observed when CpG-ODN was used as adjuvant. Gerbils vaccinated with CpG-ODN and Gal-lectin also had significantly higher levels of gamma interferon, interleukin-12 (IL-12), and IL-2 mRNA than controls. These data indicate that CpG-ODN can enhance the Th1 responses, which improve the protective effects of Gal-lectin. This is the first report of the use of CpG as a potent Th1 adjuvant with Gal-lectin to increase protection against ALA formation.

Entamoeba histolytica antigenic protein detected in pus aspirates from patients with amoebic liver abscess

2013 ◽  
Vol 134 (4) ◽  
pp. 504-510 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nurulhasanah Othman ◽  
Zeehaida Mohamed ◽  
Maya Mazuwin Yahya ◽  
Voon Meng Leow ◽  
Boon Huat Lim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Entamoeba Histolytica ◽  
Liver Abscess ◽  
Amoebic Liver Abscess ◽  
Antigenic Protein

scholarly journals Rapid diagnosis of amoebic liver abscess using recombinant Entamoeba histolytica pyruvate phosphate dikinase

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 225
Author(s):  
S. Syazwan ◽  
Hafiznur Y. Muhammad ◽  
Dyana Z. Nor ◽  
A.R. Khairunisak ◽  
B.H. Lim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Entamoeba Histolytica ◽  
Liver Abscess ◽  
Rapid Diagnosis ◽  
Amoebic Liver Abscess ◽  
Pyruvate Phosphate Dikinase

scholarly journals Curcumin Provides Hepatoprotection against Amoebic Liver Abscess Induced by Entamoeba histolytica in Hamster: Involvement of Nrf2/HO-1 and NF-κB/IL-1β Signaling Pathways

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Roberto Macías-Pérez ◽  
Liseth Rubí Aldaba-Muruato ◽  
Sandra Luz Martínez-Hernández ◽  
Martín Humberto Muñoz-Ortega ◽  
Julieta Pulido-Ortega ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Entamoeba Histolytica ◽  
Liver Abscess ◽  
Liver Damage ◽  
Glycogen Content ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
The Other ◽  
Amoebic Liver Abscess ◽  
Normal Appearance ◽  
Hamster Model ◽  
First Time

Amoebic liver abscess (ALA) is the most common extraintestinal amoebiasis caused by Entamoeba histolytica (E. histolytica). However, despite current knowledge and scientific advances about this infection, there are no effective treatments to prevent it. Herein, the antiamoebic capacity of curcumin in a hamster model was evaluated. Curcumin (150 mg/kg, p.o., daily during 10 days before infection) considerably prevents liver damage induced at 12 and 48 h post-intrahepatic inoculation of trophozoites and decreases ALT, ALP, and γ-GTP activities, and macroscopic and microscopic observations were consistent with these results. On the other hand, after one week of intraportal inoculation, liver damage was prevented by curcumin (150 mg/kg, p.o., daily, 20 days before amoebic inoculation and during the week of infection); liver/body weight ratios and tissue and histological stains showed normal appearance; in addition, the increases in ALT, ALP, and γ-GTP activities were prevented; the depletion of glycogen content induced by the amoebic damage was partially but significantly prevented, while NF-κB activity was inhibited and the expression of IL-1β was reduced; Nrf2 production showed a tendency to increase it, and HO-1 protein was overexpressed. These results suggest for the first time that curcumin can be a compound with antiamoebic effect in the liver, suggesting that its daily use could help greatly decrease the incidence of this type of infection.

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