Image-to-Image Translation as a Pretext for Unsupervised Detection of Cancerous Regions in Histology Imagery

Detection of visual anomalies refers to the problem of finding patterns in different imaging data that do not conform to the expected visual appearance, and is a widely studied problem in different domains. Due to the nature of anomaly occurrences and underlying generating processes, it is hard to characterize them and obtain labelled data. Obtaining labelled data is especially difficult in biomedical applications, where only trained domain experts can provide labels, which are often diverse and complex to a large degree. The recently presented approaches for unsupervised detection of visual anomalies omit the need for labelled data and demonstrate promising results in domains where anomalous samples significantly deviate from the normal appearance. Despite promising results, the performance of such approaches still lags behind supervised approaches and does not provide a universal solution. In this work, we present an image-to-image translation-based framework that significantly surpasses the performance of existing unsupervised methods and approaches the performance of supervised methods in a challenging domain of cancerous region detection in histology imagery.

Antioxidative Role of Azadirachta Indica Vit. E in Restoration of Histopathological changes in Acetaminophen induced liver

Aim: To study the comparative effect of Acetaminophen induced liver toxicity with aqueous extract of Azadirachta Indica (Neem) and vitamin E on the basis of liver Histopathology. Methods: Sixty Wistar Rats of both sexes were split into four groups. Each group contained 15 animals. The control group was group A, Group B was treated orally with single dose of Paracetamol 2 mg / kg by weight, Group C was administrated orally with aqueous Neem extract 500 mg/kg +2 mg/Kg by weight oral Paracetamol, and Group D was given orally paracetamol+Neem extract+Vitamin E with 100mg/Kg/body weight for 15 days. Rats from all groups were decapitated, the liver was sliced, and liver tissues were taken for histological examination. Tissue samples were fixed in 10% formaldehyde, embedding in paraffin followed by Hematoxylin and Eosin dye (H&E) and observed under 400x magnification with a digital microscope. Results: On Histopathological examination of the rat`s liver in we found that the control group had a normal appearance, colour, and uniform surface without any necrosis. Group B showed severe necrosis and haemorrhagic patches. In comparison, Group C revealed normal appearance, colour, and smooth surface with no necrotic alterations. Livers from the group D looked virtually normal in terms of colour, undersurfaces, and organ weight. However, hepatoprotective effects were observed in the Group C and D. Therefore, we can conclude that Azadirachta indica and Vitamin E could serve as a good medication for defence against liver injury. Conclusion: Our findings showed thatextract of Azadirachta Indica and Vitamin E exhibited hepatoprotective effects on the Wistar rats that were subjected to Acetaminophen. Key words: Azadirachta Indica leaf extract, Vitamin E, hepatoprotective Paracetamol, Wistar rats.

უჯარმის ციხე-ქალაქში აღმოჩენილი სასუფრე კერამიკის ადრეული ნაწილის დათრიღებისათვის

This arthicl is about of early medievel ceramic, founded in ujarma castle. Ujarma castle is situated in eastern Georgia, on the right side of river Iori. Castle was excavated in 1950-52 by Giorgi lomtatidze. Founded material was publeshed in 1989, but unfortunatly, in publication materials was not divided by layers and peroids and not fotofixed properly. In this article from all ceramic fragments founded in this settlmant we choosed material dated early medievel period. We also find parallel materials for them and fotofixed. There are choosed totaly 36 ceramic fragments, among them we can marking out: 16 jag and 2 bowl, all another fragments are unfigured and were assign to early medeval period by color, consistuent and surface treatment. Signs for ceramic created for defferent purpose are defferent: for tableware ceramic was used better shaped and well burned, reddish, red or strow-colored ones. In the other hand for kitchen was used rud, dark colored ceramic with meny mixed minerals in clay. Somtimes surface of the ceramic is somoothened, somtimes pottery can be covered with red dye, but generaly ceramic is little bit downgraded, in decoradion, compear to previous, roman, period. Paralel materials for those ceramic we can finde in all territory of georgia and caucasian region. Outside of geogia paralels are finde in azerbaijan and in north shore of black sea, scattering ceramic in this way is common thing for medievel archaeology, kingdom of kartli was widly involved in international trade, so finding exported materials on the teritory of kartli kingdom as kartlian materials outside of kingdom is normal appearance.

A Novel Nonsurgical Technique for Correcting Congenital Auricular Anomalies

Congenital ear anomalies are associated with psychological morbidity. Ear deformities can usually be corrected by nonsurgical techniques such as splinting or molding in the neonatal period, initiated before 6 weeks. Without early corrections, many will require otoplasty during childhood. We introduce a novel silicone-based custom mold technique for congenital ear anomalies. The highly malleable silicone was pushed into every part of the auricle, enabling the auricle to remain in the desired shape, with new molds made weekly. Of 31 newborns (18 males, 13 females), 54 ears were treated. Average age at treatment initiation was 26.8 days. The mean treatment duration was 43.2 days, with a median of 28 days. Normal appearance and parent's satisfaction were achieved in 30 patients with 49 deformed ears and also in four newborns older than 6 weeks. Three concha type microtia in two patients achieved great improvements and parents' satisfaction. No complications were reported. Marked aesthetic improvements and normal appearance were achieved for all deformed auricles treated, and improvements in the concha type microtia will partially alleviate future surgical corrections. The results are not inferior to other techniques. The advantages are as follows: cost-effective, time-saving, simple to master, no need for hair shaving, and easy use for parents. Patients older than 6 weeks of age achieved normal auricle appearance, enabling the correction in older newborns. Custom made silicone auricle molding offers a simple nonsurgical technique for correcting congenital ear anomalies, alleviating the need for future surgical corrections.

Oral ulceration and vesiculobullous conditions in the paediatric patient

Deviations from the normal appearance of pale, pink and healthy mucosa require close monitoring or intervention and may be a sign of an underlying systemic disorder. Therefore, it is important that there is timely identification of abnormalities, appropriate management in primary care and onward referral for investigation to specialist services when required. Oral ulceration is the most common soft tissue abnormality in children, with recurrent aphthous stomatitis being the most common type of ulceration. This article discusses the various causes of oral ulceration in addition to vesiculobullous conditions, which may affect the paediatric patient. CPD/Clinical Relevance: It is important that GDPs are aware of the range of causes of ulcers and blisters presenting in children and are aware of when to refer.

Ultrasonographic findings associated with uterine migrating grass seeds in eleven dogs

Numerous locations have been reported for vegetal foreign body migration. However, urogenital migration has rarely been documented. In this retrospective study, the ultrasonographic features associated with intrauterine migrating vegetal foreign bodies (grass seeds) are described in one intact and ten ovariectomized bitches. The most common ultrasonographic finding was focal and mild ampullary dilation of the uterus, containing the foreign body outlined by scant intraluminal fluid. There were no changes seen to the uterine wall, except in one dog with uterine perforation, confirmed at surgery. The remainder of the uterus had a normal appearance in 8/11 dogs, while there was a small amount of intraluminal fluid in 2/11 cases. Mild, focal steatitis around the focal dilation of the uterus segment containing the foreign body was observed in one case. The subtlety of these findings suggests that the ultrasonographic diagnosis of uterine grass awns can be challenging. This underlines a discrepancy with other reported migration sites commonly associated with marked inflammation.

Helical computed tomographic-dacryocystography in adult pet dwarf rabbits: procedure and normal appearance

Partial or complete nasolacrimal drainage system (NLDS) occlusion is a common clinical concern in rabbits. It can be assumed that computed tomographic-dacryocystography (CTDCG) might be an efficient technique in this indication. In this prospective study, the technique of CT-DCG and the appearance of the NLDS in eight healthy rabbits on CT-DCG images are described. The quality of visualization of bony structures adjacent to the NLDS was good on pre-contrast computed tomographic images. The bony lacrimal canal had a smooth contour, a regular diameter, and its mean dimensions are provided. CT-DCG technique was easy to perform and offered a good visualization of the NLDS including anatomical narrowings and bendings. CT-DCG is a minimally invasive and informative technique for evaluating the NLDS in rabbits. Its diagnostic usefulness in exploring nasolacrimal diseases remains to be specified in this species.