scholarly journals On the Complexities of the Design of Water Distribution Networks

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joaquín Izquierdo ◽  
Idel Montalvo ◽  
Rafael Pérez-García ◽  
Agustín Matías
Keyword(s):  
Water Distribution ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Software Tool ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Engineering Problem ◽  
Hydraulic Engineering ◽  
Human Interaction ◽  
Water Distribution Networks ◽  
Decision Variables

Water supply is one of the most recognizable and important public services contributing to quality of life. Water distribution networks (WDNs) are extremely complex assets. A number of complex tasks, such as design, planning, operation, maintenance, and management, are inherently associated with such networks. In this paper, we focus on the design of a WDN, which is a wide and open problem in hydraulic engineering. This problem is a large-scale combinatorial, nonlinear, nonconvex, multiobjective optimization problem, involving various types of decision variables and many complex implicit constraints. To handle this problem, we provide a synergetic association between swarm intelligence and multiagent systems where human interaction is also enabled. This results in a powerful collaborative system for finding solutions to such a complex hydraulic engineering problem. All the ingredients have been integrated into a software tool that has also been shown to efficiently solve problems from other engineering fields.

scholarly journals Adaptive water distribution networks with dynamically reconfigurable topology

2014 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 1280-1301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Wright ◽  
Ivan Stoianov ◽  
Panos Parpas ◽  
Kevin Henderson ◽  
John King
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Pressure Control ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Water Distribution Networks ◽  
Incident Management ◽  
Major Drawback ◽  
Dynamically Reconfigurable ◽  
Minimum Night Flow

This paper presents a novel concept of adaptive water distribution networks with dynamically reconfigurable topology for optimal pressure control, leakage management and improved system resilience. The implementation of District Meter Areas (DMAs) has greatly assisted water utilities in reducing leakage. DMAs segregate water networks into small areas, the flow in and out of each area is monitored and thresholds are derived from the minimum night flow to trigger the leak localization. A major drawback of the DMA approach is the reduced redundancy in network connectivity which has a severe impact on network resilience, incident management and water quality deterioration. The presented approach for adaptively reconfigurable networks integrates the benefits of DMAs for managing leakage with the advantages of large-scale looped networks for increased redundancy in connectivity, reliability and resilience. Self-powered multi-function network controllers are designed and integrated with novel telemetry tools for high-speed time-synchronized monitoring of the dynamic hydraulic conditions. A computationally efficient and robust optimization method based on sequential convex programming is developed and applied for the dynamic topology reconfiguration and pressure control of water distribution networks. An investigation is carried out using an operational network to evaluate the implementation and benefits of the proposed method.

scholarly journals Hybrid particle swarm optimization and tabu search for the design of large-scale water distribution networks

RBRH ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Eloim Silva de Macêdo ◽  
José Roberto Gonçalves de Azevedo ◽  
Saulo de Tarso Marques Bezerra
Keyword(s):  
Particle Swarm Optimization ◽  
Tabu Search ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Particle Swarm ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Water Distribution Networks ◽  
Swarm Optimization ◽  
Hybrid Particle ◽  
Hybrid Particle Swarm Optimization

ABSTRACT Water distribution network (WDN) optimization has received special attention from various technicians and researchers, mainly due to its high costs of implementation, operation and maintenance. However, the low computational efficiency of most developed algorithms makes them difficult to apply in large-scale WDN design problems. This article presents a hybrid particle swarm optimization and tabu search (H-PSOTS) algorithm for WDN design. Incorporating tabu search (TS) as a local improvement procedure enables the H-PSOTS algorithm to avoid local optima and show satisfactory performance. Pure particle swarm optimization (PSO) and H-PSOTS algorithms were applied to three benchmark networks proposed in the literature: the Balerma irrigation network, the ZJ network and the Rural network. The hybrid methodology obtained good results when seeking an optimal solution and revealed high computational performance, making it a new option for the optimal design of real water distribution networks.

scholarly journals Multiple Leak Detection in Water Distribution Networks Following Seismic Damage

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 8306
Author(s):  
Jeongwook Choi ◽  
Gimoon Jeong ◽  
Doosun Kang
Keyword(s):  
Water Distribution ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Detection Efficiency ◽  
Leak Detection ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Seismic Damage ◽  
Water Distribution Networks ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Detection Model

Water pipe leaks due to seismic damage are more difficult to detect than bursts, and such leaks, if not repaired in a timely manner, can eventually reduce supply pressure and generate both pollutant penetration risks and economic losses. Therefore, leaks must be promptly identified, and damaged pipes must be replaced or repaired. Leak-detection using equipment in the field is accurate; however, it is a considerably labor-intensive process that necessitates expensive equipment. Therefore, indirect leak detection methods applicable before fieldwork are necessary. In this study, a computer-based, multiple-leak-detection model is developed. The proposed technique uses observational data, such as the pressure and flow rate, in conjunction with an optimization method and hydraulic analysis simulations, to improve detection efficiency (DE) for multiple leaks in the field. A novel approach is proposed, i.e., use of a cascade and iteration search algorithms to effectively detect multiple leaks (with the unknown locations, quantities, and sizes encountered in real-world situations) due to large-scale disasters, such as earthquakes. This method is verified through application to small block-scale water distribution networks (WDNs), and the DE is analyzed. The proposed detection model can be used for efficient leak detection and the repair of WDNs following earthquakes.

scholarly journals Optimization of water distribution networks using a modified particle swarm optimization algorithm

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 660-678 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas F. Surco ◽  
Thelma P. B. Vecchi ◽  
Mauro A. S. S. Ravagnani
Keyword(s):  
Particle Swarm Optimization ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Particle Swarm ◽  
Minimum Cost ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Water Distribution Networks ◽  
Benchmark Problems ◽  
Swarm Optimization ◽  
Local Optima

Abstract In the present work, a model is presented for the optimization of water distribution networks (WDN). The developed model can be used to verify node pressures, head losses, and fluid flow rate and velocity in each pipe. The algorithm is based on particle swarm optimization (PSO), considering real and discrete variables and avoiding premature convergence to local optima using objective function penalization. The model yields the minimum cost of the network, the node pressures and the velocities in the pipes. The pressures and velocities are calculated using the hydraulic simulator Epanet. Some benchmark problems are used to test the applicability of the developed model, considering WDN for small-, medium-, and large-scale problems. Obtained results are consistent with those found in the literature.

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