Immunomodulation of Homeopathic Thymulin 5CH in a BCG-Induced Granuloma Model

The present study analyzed the immune modulation mechanisms of thymulin 5CH in a granuloma experimental model. Male adult Balb/c mice were inoculated with BCG into the footpad to induce granuloma, which was quantitatively evaluated. The phenotypic characterization of phagocyte, T- and B-lymphocyte populations in the peritoneum, and local lymph node was done by flow cytometry. During all experimental periods, thymulin 5CH and vehicle (control) were givenad libitumto mice, diluted into the drinking water (1.6×10−17 M). After 7 days from inoculation, thymulin-treated mice presented reduction in the number of epithelioid cytokeratine-positive cells (P=0.0001) in the lesion, in relation to young phagocytes. After 21 days, the differentiation of B1 peritoneal stem cells into phagocytes reached the peak, being higher in thymulin-treated mice (P=0.0001). Simultaneously, the score of infected phagocytes in the lesion decreased (P=0.001), and the number of B1-derived phagocytes, CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes in the local lymph node increased in relation to control (P=0.0001). No difference was seen on the CD25+ Treg cells. The results show that thymulin 5CH treatment is able to improve the granuloma inflammatory process and the infection remission, by modulating local and systemic phagocyte differentiation.

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Differentiation and modulation of phagocyte activity in murine granuloma after treatment with thymulin 5cH

International Journal of High Dilution Research - ISSN 1982-6206 ◽

10.51910/ijhdr.v11i40.580 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (40) ◽

pp. 148-148

Author(s):

Leoni Bonamin ◽

Cesar Sato ◽

Fabiana Santana ◽

Thayna Neves Cardoso ◽

Cideli Paula Coelho ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Stem Cells ◽

Lymph Node ◽

T Lymphocytes ◽

Regional Lymph Node ◽

Phenotypic Characterization ◽

Special Focus ◽

Thymic Hormone ◽

Male Adult ◽

Local Lymph Node ◽

B1 Cells

In previous studies, it was found that thymulin (thymic hormone), when prepared in homeopathic 5CH dilution, can modulate diseases progress and immune processes, such as virus infection in poultry and experimental tumor development. This project aims to study the immune modulatory mechanisms of thymulin 5CH in granulomatous experimental model induced by BCG in mice, with special focus on the phagocytes differentiation from peritoneal B1 stem cells and on the activity of these cells and lymphocyte cooperation at the injury site. Male adult Balb/c mice were inoculated with BCG into the footpad to induce granuloma and its cells were evaluated by histomorphometric methods (Ziehl-Neelsen staining of macrophages) and flow cytometry. The phenotypic characterization of phagocytes, T and B lymphocytes in the peritoneum and regional lymph node was done. Thus, CD11b (activated phagocytes and B1 cells), CD19 (B1 cells and B2), CD23 (B2 cells), CD5 (B1 cell subtypes and T cells), CD4, CD8 (effective T lymphocytes) and CD25 (regulatory lymphocytes) positive cells were quantified. After 21 days of infection, the differentiation of B1 peritoneal stem cells into phagocytes reached the peak, being higher in thymulin-treated mice (X2, p=0.0001). Simultaneously, the number of infected phagocytes in the lesion decreased (KW, p=0.001), indicating remission of the infection. The number of B1 derived phagocytes, CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes in the local lymph node increased in thymulin-treated mice (X2, p=0.0001), at the same time. No difference was seen regarding to CD25+ cells. The results show that thymulin 5CH treatment is able to improve the granuloma inflammatory process by modulating local and systemic phagocyte differentiation, as well as T cell migration into the local lymph node.

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Increased Migratory and Activation Cell Markers of Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes in an Experimental Model of Nephrotic Syndrome

Mediators of Inflammation ◽

10.1155/2015/209764 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2015 ◽

pp. 1-11 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Wagner de Fátima Pereira ◽

Gustavo Eustáquio Alvim Brito-Melo ◽

Cláudia Martins Carneiro ◽

Dirceu de Sousa Melo ◽

Karine Beatriz Costa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nephrotic Syndrome ◽

Peripheral Blood ◽

Tissue Injury ◽

Serum Levels ◽

Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes ◽

Phenotypic Characterization ◽

Blood Collection ◽

Blood Leukocytes ◽

Male Adult

The present study aimed to evaluate the expression of CD80 and CD18 in subpopulations of peripheral blood leukocytes and oxidative kidney damage in rats with nephrotic syndrome (NS) induced by doxorubicin (Dox) in comparison to control animals at different time points. Male adult Wistar rats were submitted to 24-hour urine and blood collection for biochemical and immunological analysis at 7, 14, 21, and 28 days after Dox injection. After euthanasia, the kidneys were removed for histological analysis and the evaluation of oxidative stress. The phenotypic characterization of leukocytes was performed using flow cytometry. Dox-injected animals exhibited increased CD18 expression in cytotoxic T lymphocytes, NK cells, and monocytes and high CD80 expression in monocytes. Kidney oxidative damage was positively correlated with CD80 expression in monocytes and serum levels of creatinine. These results suggest that phagocytic and cytotoxic cells are preferentially recruited to the tissue injury site, which may contribute to kidney dysfunction in this animal model of NS. The blockade of integrin and costimulatory molecules may provide new therapeutic opportunities for NS.

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Characterization of Incidentally Identified Minute Clonal B-Lymphocyte Populations in Peripheral Blood and Bone Marrow

American Journal of Clinical Pathology ◽

10.1309/6ugdu03vvd0l98lq ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 122 (4) ◽

pp. 588-595 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Weina Chen ◽

Sheryl L. Asplund ◽

Robert W. McKenna ◽

Steven H. Kroft

Keyword(s):

Bone Marrow ◽

Peripheral Blood ◽

B Lymphocyte ◽

Lymphocyte Populations

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Liver X Receptor regulates Th17 and RORγt+ Treg cells by distinct mechanisms

10.1101/818369 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Sara M. Parigi ◽

Srustidhar Das ◽

Annika Frede ◽

Rebeca F. Cardoso ◽

Kumar Parijat Tripathi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lymph Node ◽

Nuclear Receptors ◽

Th17 Cells ◽

Immune Modulation ◽

Treg Cells ◽

Liver X Receptor ◽

Commensal Bacteria ◽

T Helper ◽

Mesenteric Lymph ◽

Th Cell

AbstractThe gastrointestinal microenvironment, dominated by dietary compounds and the commensal bacteria, is a major driver of intestinal CD4+ T helper (Th) cell differentiation. Dietary compounds can be sensed by nuclear receptors (NRs) that consequently exerts pleiotropic effects including immune modulation. However, how NRs regulate distinct intestinal Th subsets remain poorly understood. Here, we found that under homeostatic condition Liver X receptor (LXR), a sensor of cholesterol metabolites, controls RORγt+ Treg and Th17 cells in the intestine draining mesenteric lymph node (MLN). Mechanistically, while lack of LXR signaling in CD11c+ myeloid cells led to an increase in RORγt+ Treg, modulation of MLN Th17 was independent of LXR signaling in either immune or epithelial cells. Of note, LXRα modulated only the Th17 cells, but not RORγt+ Treg in the MLN and horizontal transfer of microbiota between LXRα−/− and WT mice was sufficient to partially increase the MLN Th17 in WT mice. While LXRα deficiency increased the abundance of Ruminococcaceae and Lachnospiraceae bacterial families compared to the WT littermates, microbiota ablation including ablation of SFB was not sufficient to dampen LXRα-mediated expansion of MLN Th17. Altogether, our results suggest that LXR modulates RORγt+ Treg and Th17 cells in the MLN through distinct mechanisms.

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