scholarly journals A Review on the Use of Agriculture Waste Material as Lightweight Aggregate for Reinforced Concrete Structural Members

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kim Hung Mo ◽  
U. Johnson Alengaram ◽  
Mohd Zamin Jumaat
Keyword(s):  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Lightweight Aggregate ◽  
Waste Materials ◽  
Lightweight Aggregate Concrete ◽  
Structural Members ◽  
Agriculture Waste ◽  
Aggregate Concrete ◽  
Structural Applications

The agriculture industry is one of the main industries in the Southeast Asia region due to its favourable conditions for plantations. In fact, Southeast Asia region is the world’s largest producer of palm oil and coconut. Nevertheless, vast plantation of these agriculture products leads to equally large amount of waste materials emanating from these industries. Previously, researchers have attempted to utilize the resulting waste materials such as oil palm shell, palm oil clinker, and coconut shell from these industries as lightweight aggregate to produce structural grade lightweight aggregate concrete. In order to promote the concept of using such concrete for actual structural applications, this paper reviews the use of such agriculture-based lightweight aggregate concrete in reinforced concrete structural members such as beam and slab, which were carried out by researchers in the past. The behaviour of the structural members under flexural, shear, and torsional load was also summarized. It is hoped that the knowledge attained from the paper will provide design engineers with better idea and proper application of design criteria for structural members using such agriculture waste as lightweight aggregate.

Effect of mixing ingredient on workability and compressive strength of palm oil clinker lightweight concrete containing palm oil fuel ash

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 110
Author(s):  
Nur Azzimah Binti Zamri ◽  
Khairunisa Muthusamy ◽  
Andri Kusbiantoro
Keyword(s):  
Palm Oil ◽  
Lightweight Aggregate ◽  
Lightweight Aggregate Concrete ◽  
Palm Oil Fuel Ash ◽  
Aggregate Concrete ◽  
Cement Ratio ◽  
Water Cement Ratio ◽  
Concrete Production ◽  
Fuel Ash ◽  
Oil Fuel

Palm oil industry is one of the important industry that contribute to the country’s prosperity. This flourishing industry however also causes environmental problems namely air pollution, soil degradation as well as water pollution due to waste disposal issue. At the same time, intensive cement production and granite mining is damaging the environment and natural habitats. Hence, various efforts have been made by researchers to minimize the effect of pollution including integrating oil palm wastes in construction as building materials. In this study, granite aggregate was fully replaced by palm oil clinker (POC) in lightweight aggregate concrete production. In order to reduce the utilization of cement in concrete, palm oil fuel ash (POFA) was ground to improve its pozzolanic reactivity to partially replace cement in lightweight aggregate concrete. From this investigation, the best performance concrete was attributed by POC LWAC with 20% POFA when the water cement ratio and superplasticizer are 0.45 and 1.0%. Inclusion of water cement ratio and superplasticizer of 0.35 and 0.8% would adversely affects the workability and strength of POC LWAC with POFA.

scholarly journals Numerical Deformation Analysis of Reinforced Lightweight Aggregate Concrete Flexural Members

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darius Bacinskas ◽  
Deividas Rumsys ◽  
Gintaris Kaklauskas
Keyword(s):  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Lightweight Concrete ◽  
Lightweight Aggregate ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Lightweight Aggregate Concrete ◽  
Deformation Analysis ◽  
Aggregate Concrete ◽  
Flexural Members ◽  
Finite Element Software ◽  
Concrete Elements

In the modern construction industry, lightweight aggregate concrete (LWAC) is often used in the production of load-bearing structural members. LWAC can be up to 40% lighter by volume in comparison to normal strength concrete. On the other hand, the lack of adequate numerical models often limits the practical application of innovative building materials, such as lightweight concrete, in real projects. This trend is due to the uncertainties in design standard methods and calculation errors, the level of which is generally unacceptable to civil engineers in terms of safety and reliability. In the present paper, a comparative numerical deformation analysis of a full-scale bridge deck slab and girder has been carried out. Using the physical model proposed by the authors and the finite element software ATENA, the deformations of full–scale lightweight and traditional reinforced concrete elements under short-term effects of permanent and variable loads was compared. Depending on the safety and serviceability limit requirements, it was found that the amount of longitudinal reinforcement in lightweight reinforced concrete elements can be reduced compared to normal reinforced concrete elements with the same parameters. The results of the numerical analysis show that the deformation analysis model proposed by the authors can be a reliable tool for the design of lightweight concrete flexural members by selecting the optimum geometrical and reinforcement parameters limited by the stiffness condition.

scholarly journals Review of the Properties of Lightweight Aggregate Concrete Produced from Recycled Plastic Waste and Periwinkle Shells

2021 ◽  
Vol 876 ◽  
pp. 83-87
Author(s):  
Anthony N. Ede ◽  
Praise O. Gideon ◽  
Akpabot I. Akpabot ◽  
Solomon O. Oyebisi ◽  
Oluwarotimi Michael Olofinnade ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lightweight Concrete ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Lightweight Aggregate ◽  
Plastic Waste ◽  
Waste Materials ◽  
Lightweight Aggregate Concrete ◽  
World Population ◽  
Aggregate Concrete ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Concrete Production

As the world population continues to increase, so does the demand for raw materials to produce basic needs of the human race. One of the areas where this pressing demand for means of production is evident is in the production of concrete materials for building construction and infrastructure. The source of constitutive materials for concrete production, such as cement and aggregates are fast shrinking across the nations of the earth, and there is an urgent need for substitutes that will guarantee the availability of this essential material to the built environment sector of the economy. One of the trending approaches is the adoption of waste materials as a replacement for some of the constitutive materials of concrete. This research reviews past works on the use of recycled plastic waste and periwinkle shells for the production of lightweight aggregate concrete. The results of this review showed that the adoption of a reduced percentage of waste plastic in concrete leads to acceptable strengths for lightweight concrete, economy, efficient energy and excellent crack resistance. The use of periwinkle shell is beneficial for satisfactory strengths for normal aggregate concrete and for lightweight aggregate concrete, excellent resistance to heat and economy. This approach is sustainable as a means of recycling and will facilitate the actualization of the sustainable development goal “Responsible Production and Consumption”, (SDGs 12). There is a perspective that combining these two waste materials will lead to improvement towards achieving sustainable concrete.

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