scholarly journals The Many Faces of Human Leukocyte Antigen-G: Relevance to the Fate of Pregnancy

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mette Dahl ◽  
Snezana Djurisic ◽  
Thomas Vauvert F. Hviid

Pregnancy is an immunological paradox, where fetal antigens encoded by polymorphic genes inherited from the father do not provoke a maternal immune response. The fetus is not rejected as it would be theorized according to principles of tissue transplantation. A major contribution to fetal tolerance is the human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-G, a nonclassical HLA protein displaying limited polymorphism, restricted tissue distribution, and a unique alternative splice pattern. HLA-G is primarily expressed in placenta and plays multifaceted roles during pregnancy, both as a soluble and a membrane-bound molecule. Its immunomodulatory functions involve interactions with different immune cells and possibly regulation of cell migration during placental development. Recent findings include HLA-G contributions from the father and the fetus itself. Much effort has been put into clarifying the role of HLA-G during pregnancy and pregnancy complications, such as preeclampsia, recurrent spontaneous abortions, and subfertility or infertility. This review aims to clarify the multifunctional role of HLA-G in pregnancy-related disorders by focusing on genetic variation, differences in mRNA stability betweenHLA-Galleles, differences in HLA-G isoform expression, and possible differences in functional activity. Furthermore, we highlight important observations regardingHLA-Ggenetics and expression in preeclampsia that future research should address.

2013 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 1170-1178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Littera ◽  
Gianbenedetto Piredda ◽  
Antonello Pani ◽  
Mauro Frongia ◽  
Bruno Onano ◽  
...  

2009 ◽  
Vol 70 (12) ◽  
pp. 966-969 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia Gregori ◽  
Chiara Francesca Magnani ◽  
Maria-Grazia Roncarolo

2009 ◽  
Vol 70 (12) ◽  
pp. 981-987 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enrico Fainardi ◽  
Roberta Rizzo ◽  
Massimiliano Castellazzi ◽  
Marina Stignani ◽  
Enrico Granieri ◽  
...  

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ata Abbas ◽  
Syed R. Hussain ◽  
Hena Naqvi ◽  
Rabab Fatima ◽  
Sikandar Hasan ◽  
...  

2009 ◽  
Vol 70 (12) ◽  
pp. 970-975 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberta Rizzo ◽  
Marina Stignani ◽  
Loredana Melchiorri ◽  
Olavio R. Baricordi

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Estibaliz Alegre ◽  
Roberta Rizzo ◽  
Daria Bortolotti ◽  
Sara Fernandez-Landázuri ◽  
Enrico Fainardi ◽  
...  

Human leukocyte antigen-G (HLA-G) is a low polymorphic nonclassical HLA-I molecule restrictively expressed and with suppressive functions. HLA-G gene products are quite complex, with seven HLA-G isoforms, four membrane bound, and other three soluble isoforms that can suffer different posttranslational modifications or even complex formations. In addition, HLA-G has been described included in exosomes. In this review we will focus on HLA-G biochemistry with special emphasis to the mechanisms that regulate its expression and how the protein modifications affect the quantification in biological fluids.


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