scholarly journals Biology of Ageing and Role of Dietary Antioxidants

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheng Peng ◽  
Xiaobo Wang ◽  
Jingnan Chen ◽  
Rui Jiao ◽  
Lijun Wang ◽  
...  

Interest in relationship between diet and ageing is growing. Research has shown that dietary calorie restriction and some antioxidants extend lifespan in various ageing models. On the one hand, oxygen is essential to aerobic organisms because it is a final electron acceptor in mitochondria. On the other hand, oxygen is harmful because it can continuously generate reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are believed to be the factors causing ageing of an organism. To remove these ROS in cells, aerobic organisms possess an antioxidant defense system which consists of a series of enzymes, namely, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and glutathione reductase (GR). In addition, dietary antioxidants including ascorbic acid, vitamin A, vitamin C,α-tocopherol, and plant flavonoids are also able to scavenge ROS in cells and therefore theoretically can extend the lifespan of organisms. In this connection, various antioxidants including tea catechins, theaflavins, apple polyphenols, black rice anthocyanins, and blueberry polyphenols have been shown to be capable of extending the lifespan of fruit flies. The purpose of this review is to brief the literature on modern biological theories of ageing and role of dietary antioxidants in ageing as well as underlying mechanisms by which antioxidants can prolong the lifespan with focus on fruit flies as an model.

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhi-Zhong Xie ◽  
Yang Liu ◽  
Jin-Song Bian

Intracellular redox imbalance is mainly caused by overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) or weakness of the natural antioxidant defense system. It is involved in the pathophysiology of a wide array of human diseases. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is now recognized as the third “gasotransmitters” and proved to exert a wide range of physiological and cytoprotective functions in the biological systems. Among these functions, the role of H2S in oxidative stress has been one of the main focuses over years. However, the underlying mechanisms for the antioxidant effect of H2S are still poorly comprehended. This review presents an overview of the current understanding of H2S specially focusing on the new understanding and mechanisms of the antioxidant effects of H2S based on recent reports. Both inhibition of ROS generation and stimulation of antioxidants are discussed. H2S-induced S-sulfhydration of key proteins (e.g., p66Shc and Keap1) is also one of the focuses of this review.


2007 ◽  
Vol 23 (5-6-1) ◽  
pp. 181-191
Author(s):  
U. Kravchenko ◽  
G. Borjaev ◽  
M. Nevitov ◽  
A. Ostapchuk ◽  
E. Kistanova

The purpose of the present work was, under conditions of the model experiment on rats, to tap the information about the features of shortterm acclimatization of the antioxidant system in various organs to toxicity of cadmium at stages of an ontogenesis and about the preventive role of the antioxidant selenopyran in this process. The obtained results showed the ontogenetic differences in the adaptive reactivity of the enzymatic antioxidant defense system in the most important organs and tissues of rats under conditions of oxidative stress induced by cadmium. The ontogenetic differences of Se redistribution in a body under influence of cadmium administration were found. The discovered decrease of Se concentration in the liver of young animals and the increase of its concentration in the liver of old animals correlated positively with the changes of GPx activity. Preventive administration of selenopyran (9- phenyl-simmetrical octa-hydroselenoxanthene) to old animals reduced the oxidative stress intensity. Animals of all age groups showed higher selenium concentration in the tissues and the increase in the selenium-dependent GPx activity.


2015 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 1465-1465 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana Lenzi ◽  
Andre Felipe Rodrigues ◽  
Adriana de Sousa Rós ◽  
Amanda Blanski de Castro ◽  
Daniela Delwing de Lima ◽  
...  

2004 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 211-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Işıl Öncel ◽  
Ender Yurdakulol ◽  
Yüksel Keleş ◽  
Latif Kurt ◽  
Atilla Yıldız

2004 ◽  
Vol 422 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcos S Dreon ◽  
Guillermo Schinella ◽  
Horacio Heras ◽  
Ricardo J Pollero

2000 ◽  
Vol 78 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 7-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gülseli Yıldırım ◽  
Metin Baştuğ ◽  
Ethem Akçıl ◽  
Hakan Fıçıcılar ◽  
Emine Koç ◽  
...  

2015 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 1453-1463 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana Lenzi ◽  
Andre Felipe Rodrigues ◽  
Adriana de Sousa Rós ◽  
Bianca Blanski de Castro ◽  
Daniela Delwing de Lima ◽  
...  

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