scholarly journals Modeling Biology Spanning Different Scales: An Open Challenge

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Filippo Castiglione ◽  
Francesco Pappalardo ◽  
Carlo Bianca ◽  
Giulia Russo ◽  
Santo Motta
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Mathematical Models ◽  
Multiscale Modeling ◽  
Time Scales ◽  
High Throughput ◽  
Biological Systems ◽  
Living System ◽  
Huge Amount ◽  
Modern Biology ◽  
Unified Description

It is coming nowadays more clear that in order to obtain a unified description of the different mechanisms governing the behavior and causality relations among the various parts of a living system, the development of comprehensive computational and mathematical models at different space and time scales is required. This is one of the most formidable challenges of modern biology characterized by the availability of huge amount of high throughput measurements. In this paper we draw attention to the importance of multiscale modeling in the framework of studies of biological systems in general and of the immune system in particular.

scholarly journals Multiscale Modeling and Mathematical Problems Related to Tumor Evolution and Medical Therapy

2003 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicola Bellomo ◽  
Elena De Angelis ◽  
Luigi Preziosi
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Mathematical Models ◽  
Multiscale Modeling ◽  
Critical Analysis ◽  
Applied Mathematics ◽  
Tumor Evolution ◽  
Research Perspectives ◽  
Mathematical Problems ◽  
Mathematical Literature ◽  
Characteristic Scales

This paper provides a survey of mathematical models and methods dealing with the analysis and simulation of tumor dynamics in competition with the immune system. The characteristic scales of the phenomena are identified and the mathematical literature on models and problems developed on each scale is reviewed and critically analyzed. Moreover, this paper deals with the modeling and optimization of therapeutical actions. The aim of the critical analysis and review consists in providing the background framework towards the development of research perspectives in this promising new field of applied mathematics.

scholarly journals Investigating Molecular Mechanisms of Immunotoxicity and the Utility of ToxCast for Immunotoxicity Screening of Chemicals Added to Food

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (7) ◽  
pp. 3332
Author(s):  
Olga V. Naidenko ◽  
David Q. Andrews ◽  
Alexis M. Temkin ◽  
Tasha Stoiber ◽  
Uloma Igara Uche ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
High Throughput ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
High Throughput Screening ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
In Vitro Assays ◽  
Toxicological Studies

The development of high-throughput screening methodologies may decrease the need for laboratory animals for toxicity testing. Here, we investigate the potential of assessing immunotoxicity with high-throughput screening data from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency ToxCast program. As case studies, we analyzed the most common chemicals added to food as well as per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) shown to migrate to food from packaging materials or processing equipment. The antioxidant preservative tert-butylhydroquinone (TBHQ) showed activity both in ToxCast assays and in classical immunological assays, suggesting that it may affect the immune response in people. From the PFAS group, we identified eight substances that can migrate from food contact materials and have ToxCast data. In epidemiological and toxicological studies, PFAS suppress the immune system and decrease the response to vaccination. However, most PFAS show weak or no activity in immune-related ToxCast assays. This lack of concordance between toxicological and high-throughput data for common PFAS indicates the current limitations of in vitro screening for analyzing immunotoxicity. High-throughput in vitro assays show promise for providing mechanistic data relevant for immune risk assessment. In contrast, the lack of immune-specific activity in the existing high-throughput assays cannot validate the safety of a chemical for the immune system.

scholarly journals Shape Entropy and the Time Scales for Thermodynamics in Biological Systems

2012 ◽  
Vol 102 (3) ◽  
pp. 505a
Author(s):  
Peter Salamon ◽  
Mariam Ghochani ◽  
James Nulton ◽  
Terrence G. Frey ◽  
Avinoam Rabinovitch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Time Scales ◽  
Biological Systems

Biological Systems: Multiscale Modeling Based on Mixture Theory

2014 ◽  
pp. 257-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yusheng Feng ◽  
Sarah J. Boukhris ◽  
Rakesh Ranjan ◽  
Raul A. Valencia
Keyword(s):  
Multiscale Modeling ◽  
Biological Systems ◽  
Mixture Theory

Electrodeposition Characteristics of Bismuth-Telluride Films

2004 ◽  
Vol 845 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Prabhakar ◽  
E. J. Podlaha-Murphy ◽  
M. C. Murphy ◽  
R. V. Devireddy
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Models ◽  
Bismuth Telluride ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Research Effort ◽  
Biological Systems ◽  
Cellular Level ◽  
Thermoelectric Coolers ◽  
Artificial Tissue ◽  
Tissue System

ABSTRACTThis work is a part of an on-going research effort to develop an array of micro thermoelectric coolers (TECs) for highly localized control of temperature at the cellular level. Prefabrication experimentation and modeling were carried out to understand the behavior of the proposed device. Mathematical models were used to identify important device parameters and optimal device dimensions. Preliminary experiments have shown that it is feasible to produce the TECs through electrodeposition of bismuth and telluride on modules produced using a modified multistep LIGA (Lithographie, Galvanoformung and Abformung) technique. The development and characterization of the proposed TECs would enable the bioengineer highly localized control of temperature in a native or artificial tissue system. Thus enabling further usage of low temperatures in biological systems for both destructive (cryosurgical) and beneficial (cryopreservation) procedures.

Single Cell Interrogation using Optofluidic Platforms for Systems Immunology

MRS Advances ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (56) ◽  
pp. 3783-3788 ◽  
Author(s):  
Serap Aksu
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Single Cell ◽  
High Throughput ◽  
Individual Cell ◽  
Cytokine Secretion ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
Label Free ◽  
System Behavior ◽  
Systems Immunology

ABSTRACTThe main objective of this report is to demonstrate novel engineering technologies to investigate regulatory mechanisms of systems immunology in a time-dependent and high-throughput manner. Understanding of immune system behavior is crucial for accurate prognosis of infections and identification of diseases at early stage. An ultimate goal of biomedical engineering is to develop predictive models of immune system behavior in tissue, which necessitates a comprehensive map of dynamic (time-dependent) input-output relationships at the individual cell level. Traditionally, biochemical analysis on the cell signaling is obtained from bulky cell ensembles which average over relevant individual cell response. The response consists firstly of signaling protein (cytokine) secretions which are released during a disease state and which are used to activate the immune system to respond to the disease. We investigate the cytokine secretion dynamics of a single immune cell in response to the stimulant using automated and comprehensive optofluidic platforms. These platforms enable survival and manipulation of single cells in compartments having compatible sizes with cells as well as provide precise control over the type, dose and time-course of the stimulant. The cytokine secretion dynamics of single cell are typically explained by measuring the types, rates, frequencies and concentrations of various cytokines. For the quantitative measurements, label free localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) based biosensor can be integrated within the microfluidic device. Microfluidic channels can confine secreted cytokines in compartments, minimize dilution effects and increase detection sensitivity for label free plasmonic biosensing. The direct application of LSPR to in-situ live cell function analysis is still in its infancy and use of such in-situ, real time, and label free biodetection will effortlessly provide high-throughput quantitative bioanalysis for understanding immune system behavior.

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