Alternative tissue fixation for combined histopathological and molecular analysis in a clinically representative setting

Formalin is the principal tissue fixative used worldwide for clinical and research purposes. Despite optimal preservation of morphology, its preservation of DNA and RNA is poor. As clinical diagnostics increasingly incorporates molecular-based analysis, the requirement for maintaining nucleic acid quality is of increasing importance. Here we assess an alternative non-formalin-based tissue fixation method, PAXgene Tissue system, with the aim of better preserving nucleic acids, while maintaining the quality of the tissue to be used for vital existing diagnostic techniques. In this study, these criteria are assessed in a clinically representative setting. In total, 203 paired PAXgene Tissue and formalin-fixed samples were obtained. Blind-scored haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) sections showed comparable and acceptable staining. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining was suboptimal using existing protocols but improved with minor method adjustment and optimisation. Quality of DNA and RNA was significantly improved by PAXgene tissue fixation [RIN 2.8 versus 3.8 (p < 0.01), DIN 5.68 versus 6.77 (p < 0.001)], which translated into improved performance on qPCR assay. These results demonstrate the potential of PAXgene Tissue to be used routinely in place of formalin, maintaining adequate histological staining and significantly improving the preservation of biological molecules in the genomic era.

Analysis of the mechanisms of synergistic effect in the combined use of physiotherapy factors

The study is devoted to the analysis of the internal mechanisms of the realization of biological effects of the combined use of a low-frequency alternating electrostatic field and transcranial magnetic stimulation with a running magnetic field in patients with metabolic syndrome. The results obtained allow concluding that the simultaneous course effect of these physiotherapeutic factors is accompanied by the development of a synergistic effect, objectively assessed by a set of parameters characterizing the state of the microcirculatory-tissue system, metabolic processes and peroxide metabolism. The quantitative assessment carried out using the synergy factor allowed classifying the type of interaction of physical factors as potentiation. The analysis of the internal mechanisms of supraadditive interaction made it possible to establish that this phenomenon can be most accurately explained from the standpoint of epigenetic regulation, which is a change in gene expression with the preservation of the DNA sequence and which determines the phenomenon of functional cumulation during the course of physiotherapeutic factors. The epigenetic model of the realization of synergy acts as a molecular evidence base for the sanogenetic effects observed in patients with metabolic syndrome under the systemotropic effect of physiotherapeutic factors.

Hyperspectral Imaging for the Evaluation of Microcirculatory Tissue Oxygenation and Perfusion Quality in Haemorrhagic Shock: A Porcine Study

Background: The ultimate goal of haemodynamic therapy is to improve microcirculatory tissue and organ perfusion. Hyperspectral imaging (HSI) has the potential to enable noninvasive microcirculatory monitoring at bedside. Methods: HSI (Tivita® Tissue System) measurements of tissue oxygenation, haemoglobin, and water content in the skin (ear) and kidney were evaluated in a double-hit porcine model of major abdominal surgery and haemorrhagic shock. Animals of the control group (n = 7) did not receive any resuscitation regime. The interventional groups were treated exclusively with either crystalloid (n = 8) or continuous norepinephrine infusion (n = 7). Results: Haemorrhagic shock led to a drop in tissue oxygenation parameters in all groups. These correlated with established indirect markers of tissue oxygenation. Fluid therapy restored tissue oxygenation parameters. Skin and kidney measurements correlated well. High dose norepinephrine therapy deteriorated tissue oxygenation. Tissue water content increased both in the skin and the kidney in response to fluid therapy. Conclusions: HSI detected dynamic changes in tissue oxygenation and perfusion quality during shock and was able to indicate resuscitation effectivity. The observed correlation between HSI skin and kidney measurements may offer an estimation of organ oxygenation impairment from skin monitoring. HSI microcirculatory monitoring could open up new opportunities for the guidance of haemodynamic management.

Tensional Responsiveness

How we sense and move our bodies shapes how we relate with each other. Current socio-economic practices are reducing generative qualities of relating. Doerte Weig shows how bodily capacities for sensitive tensional responsiveness are relevant to (re)generative cultures, the future of work, lifelong learning, sharing, healing and well-being. She draws together her own experience of living with Baka egalitarian foragers in North-Eastern Gabon, her corporate experience, and her studies on body-ing, somatics and our connective tissue-system fascia. Interweaving neurophysiological shifting-sliding with a radically different ecosystemic awareness opens up potentials for bodying beyond current legal and political limits into enchantingly vibrant and ecosomatically alive futures.

Latest Classification and Such Functions of Human Hormones

Based on the classification of human hormones, there is no solid idea in most books. In this view, this article could exemplify a concrete solution, especially for medical and university students. Hormones have many life-saving roles in the human body. With the deficiency of hormones, our body might fall into lots of problems. Data analyses of much information from books, articles, online supplements gave different ideas on total hormones. The result suggested that some hormones were secret from the same glands. Out of 110 hormones (when the same hormone came from different sources), exact different types of hormones were 88. Analyzed hormones consisted of four major groups- amine (4 hormones), eicosanoid (4), steroid (15), and peptide were (65) out of 88 endocrine chemicals. The endocrine and reproductive system (56) jointly secreted most of the hormones, and secondly gastrointestinal tract (26 hormones). Besides the organ system or glands, some are come out from the cell, tissue, tissue system, and placenta. This paper also mentions, phenotypically males and females exhibit many differences, hence hormonal analyses; they are more or less the same. For instance, many sex hormones are also present both in males and females. In the future, it needs to enhance more research on the classification of the hormones in the human body.

Latest Classification and Such Functions of Human Hormones

Abstract: Based on the classification of human hormones, there is no solid idea in most books. In this view, this article could exemplify a concrete solution, especially for medical and university students. Hormones have many life-saving roles in the human body. With the deficiency of hormones, our body might fall into lots of problems. Data analyses of much information from books, articles, online supplements gave different ideas on total hormones. The result suggested that some hormones were secret from the same glands. Out of 110 hormones (when the same hormone came from different sources), exact different types of hormones were 88. Analyzed hormones consisted of four major groups- amine (4 hormones), eicosanoid (4), steroid (15), and peptide were (65) out of 88 endocrine chemicals. The endocrine and reproductive system (56) jointly secreted most of the hormones, and secondly gastrointestinal tract (26 hormones). Besides the organ system or glands, some are come out from the cell, tissue, tissue system, and placenta. This paper also mentions, phenotypically males and females exhibit many differences, hence hormonal analyses; they are more or less the same. For instance, many sex hormones are also present both in males and females. In the future, it needs to enhance more research on the classification of the hormones in the human body.

Hyperspectral Imaging (HSI)—A New Tool to Estimate the Perfusion of Upper Abdominal Organs during Pancreatoduodenectomy

Hyperspectral imaging (HSI) in abdominal surgery is a new non-invasive tool for the assessment of the perfusion and oxygenation of various tissues and organs. Its benefit in pancreatic surgery is still unknown. The aim of this study was to evaluate the key impact of using HSI during pancreatoduodenectomy (PD). In total, 20 consecutive patients were included. HSI was recorded during surgery as part of a pilot study approved by the local Ethics Committee. Data were collected prospectively with the TIVITA® Tissue System. Intraoperative HS images were recorded before and after gastroduodenal artery (GDA) clamping. We detected four patients with celiac artery stenosis (CAS) caused by a median arcuate ligament (MAL). In two of these patients, a reduction in liver oxygenation (StO2) was discovered 15 and 30 min after GDA clamping. The MAL was divided in these patients. HSI showed an improvement of liver StO2 after MAL division (from 61% to 73%) in one of these two patients. There was no obvious decrease in liver StO2 in the other two patients with CAS. HSI, as a non-invasive procedure, could be helpful in evaluating liver and gastric perfusion during PD, which might assist surgeons in choosing the best surgical approach and in improving patients’ outcomes.

DYNAMICS OF THE INDICATORS OF MICROCIRCULATOR-TISSUE SYSTEMS WITH THE COMBINED USE OF PROTEOLYTIC COLLAGENASIS ULTRAPHONOPHORESIS AND METHODS FRACTIONAL LASER THERAPY IN TREATMENT SCARLIFIC SKIN CHANGES IN PATIENTS WITH METABOLIC SYNDROME

В статье анализируется роль микроциркуляторных нарушений в патогенезе рубцовых изменений кожи, в том числе у пациентов с проявлениями метаболического синдрома. Исходные показатели микроциркуляторно-тканевых систем у пациентов с метаболическим синдромом свидетельствуют о более низких значениях уровня общей перфузии, чем у пациентов без признаков метаболических нарушений, что свидетельствует об угнетающем влиянии инсулинорезистентности на микроциркуляцию. Выявленная положительная динамика показателей микроциркуляторно-тканевой системы при проведении ультрафонофореза ферменкола в сочетании с методикой фракционной лазерной терапии позволяет рассматривать сосуды микроциркуляторного звена в качестве основной мишени при проведении коррекции рубцовых изменений кожи. Наблюдаемое через 4 недели после заключительной процедуры усиление нутритивного компонента кровотока и связанного с ним повышения скорости потребления кислорода и уровня окислительного метаболизма указывает на формирование пролонгированного эффекта. Преимущественное влияние рассмотренного способа коррекции рубцо-измененной кожи на отдельные компартменты микроциркуляторно-тканевой системы свидетельствует об эффективности технологии комплексного применения фракционного фототермолиза и ультрафонофореза коллагеназ, обладающей патогенетически ориентированным терапевтическим действием. Наличие в качестве фонового заболевания метаболического синдрома существенно ограничивает выраженность корригирующего эффекта, что обуславливает необходимость применения средств и методов из арсенала восстановительной медицины на основе преимущественного использования немедикаментозных лечебных факторов, которые, обладая выраженным саногенетическим потенциалом, позволяют максимально полно восстановить нарушенные функции при метаболическом синдроме и улучшить качество жизни человека The article analyzes the role of microcirculatory disorders in the pathogenesis of cicatricial changes in the skin, including in patients with manifestations of metabolic syndrome. The initial parameters of microcirculatory-tissue systems in patients with metabolic syndrome indicate lower values of the level of general perfusion than in patients without signs of metabolic disorders, which indicates the inhibitory effect of insulin resistance on microcirculation. The revealed positive dynamics of the indicators of the microcirculatory-tissue system during ultraphonophoresis of fermencol in combination with the method of fractional laser therapy allows us to consider the vessels of the microcirculatory link as the main target when correcting cicatricial changes in the skin. The increase in the nutritional component of the blood flow and the associated increase in the rate of oxygen consumption and the level of oxidative metabolism observed 4 weeks after the final procedure indicates the formation of a prolonged effect. The predominant influence of the considered method of correction of scar-altered skin on individual compartments of the microcirculatory-tissue system indicates the effectiveness of the technology of complex application of fractional photothermolysis and ultraphonophoresis of collagenases, which has a pathogenetically oriented therapeutic effect. The presence of metabolic syndrome as a background disease significantly limits the severity of the corrective effect, which necessitates the use of means and methods from the arsenal of restorative medicine based on the predominant use of non-drug therapeutic factors, which, having a pronounced sanogenetic potential, allow the most complete restoration of impaired functions in MS and improve the quality human life

Cell and tissue system capable of automated culture, stimulation, and monitor with the aim of feedback control of organs-on-a-chip

This paper presents progress in the automation of cell and tissue systems and attempts toward the in situ feedback control of organs-on-a-chip. Our study aims to achieve feedback control of a cell and tissue system by a personal computer (PC), whereas most studies on organs-on-a-chip focus on the automation of status monitoring. The implemented system is composed of subsystems including automated culture, stimulation, and monitoring. The monitoring function provides imaging as well as sampling and dispensing in combination with an external analyzer. Individual subsystems can be combined accordingly. First, monitoring of skeletal muscle (SM) and adipose tissues using this system was demonstrated. The highlight of this paper is the application of the system to the feedback control of the lipid droplet (LD) size, where biochemical stimulation using insulin and adrenaline is controlled by a PC according to the obtained LD imaging data. In this study, the system demonstrated its function of maintaining the desired size of LDs. Our results expand the possibility of PC-controllable cell and tissue systems by addressing the challenge of feedback control of organs-on-a-chip. The PC-controllable cell and tissue systems will contribute to living systems-on-a-chip based on homeostasis phenomena involving interactions between organs or tissues.

Therapeutic Approaches to Employ Monoclonal Antibody for Cancer Treatment

With the evolution of the tissue system and division of function among differentiated cells/tissues, the property of controlled cell growth also evolved in animals. It is when this very control is lost that cancers develop. The immune system's ability to distinguish between self and non-self is central to impeding cancer progression. However, cancer cells in time can develop multiple ways of escaping immune control. Even today, cancer remains a disease of baffling complexity on account of its diverse origin and pathogenesis. Classical methods like surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy have failed to make the cut as idyllic therapy, especially considering the encumbering side-effects and high failure rate. Alternative therapeutic strategies that exploit the immune system itself have proved promising. One of these is monoclonal antibody therapy. In this chapter, the relationship between the immune system and cancer and various forms of immunotherapy are discussed in detail.