scholarly journals Nonlinear Flow Characteristics and Horizontal Well Pressure Transient Analysis for Low-Permeability Offshore Reservoirs

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianchun Xu ◽  
Ruizhong Jiang ◽  
Wenchao Teng
Keyword(s):  
Horizontal Well ◽  
Flow Characteristics ◽  
Stress Sensitivity ◽  
Nonlinear Flow ◽  
Absolute Permeability ◽  
Low Permeability ◽  
Threshold Pressure Gradient ◽  
Pressure Transient ◽  
Permeability Modulus ◽  
Low Permeability Reservoirs

Threshold pressure gradient (TPG) and stress sensitivity which cause the nonlinear flow in low permeability reservoirs were carried out by experiments. Firstly, the investigation of existing conditions of TPG for oil flow in irreducible water saturation low-permeability reservoirs was conducted and discussed, using the cores from a real offshore oilfield in China. The existence of TPG was proven. The relationship between TPG and absolute permeability was obtained by laboratory tests. TPG increases with decreasing absolute permeability. Then, stress sensitivity experiment was carried out through depressurizing experiment and step-up pressure experiment. Permeability modulus which characterizes stress sensitivity increases with decreasing absolute permeability. Consequently, a horizontal well pressure transient analysis mathematical model considering threshold pressure gradient and stress sensitivity was established on the basis of mass and momentum conservation equations. The finite element method (FEM) was presented to solve the model. Influencing factors, such as TPG, permeability modulus, skin factor, wellbore storage, horizontal length, horizontal position, and boundary effect on pressure and pressure derivative curves, were also discussed. Results analysis demonstrates that the pressure transient curves are different from Darcy’s model when considering the nonlinear flow characteristics. Both TPG and permeability modulus lead to more energy consumption and the reservoir pressure decreases more than Darcy’s model.

Study on the Nonlinear Flow Percolation Law in Low Permeability Carbonate Reservoir of HF Oilfield

2014 ◽  
Vol 644-650 ◽  
pp. 5065-5070
Author(s):  
Shuai Jiang ◽  
Zheng Ming Yang ◽  
Xue Wei Liu ◽  
Meng Ting Wang ◽  
Qian Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Oil Industry ◽  
Carbonate Reservoir ◽  
Oil Field ◽  
Carbonate Reservoirs ◽  
Nonlinear Flow ◽  
Low Permeability ◽  
High Permeability ◽  
Threshold Pressure Gradient ◽  
Flow Situation ◽  
Low Permeability Reservoirs

With the development of the global oil industry,the production of the normal or high permeability reservoirs decline rapidly. Therefore, more and more low permeability reservoirs are used to the production stimulation. The oilfields overseas make great contribution to CNPC. The HF oilfield is one oilfield that the CNPC have in overseas. The HF oilfield is mainly the low permeability carbonate reservoirs which make it not easy to economically exploit. Due to the reason that the low permeability carbonate reservoirs present small porosity and the fluid’s flow situation in the low permeability carbonate reservoirs, the flow doesn't obey the Darcy's law. Thus it is greatly necessary to study the non-Darcy percolation characteristics. In this paper, the HF ‘s low permeability is tested and the threshold pressure gradient test is finished ,according to the experiment results, the nonlinear percolation ‘s law ,which is suited to HF-oil field , is illustrated and the reservoir classification is achieved.

scholarly journals Analytical Solutions for Non-Darcy Transient Flow with the Threshold Pressure Gradient in Multiple-Porosity Media

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Erhui Luo ◽  
Xiaodong Wang ◽  
Yongle Hu ◽  
Jianjun Wang ◽  
Li Liu
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Pressure Gradient ◽  
Transient Response ◽  
Moving Boundary ◽  
Low Permeability ◽  
Threshold Pressure ◽  
Threshold Pressure Gradient ◽  
Pressure Transient ◽  
Multiple Porosity ◽  
Low Permeability Reservoirs

Low-velocity non-Darcy flow can be described by using the threshold pressure gradient (TPG) in low-permeability porous media. The existence of the TPG yields a moving boundary so that fluid starts to flow inside this boundary when the pressure gradient overcomes the viscous forces, and beyond this boundary, there will be no flow. A mathematical model of considering the TPG is developed to describe the flow mechanism in multiple-porosity media. By defining new dimensionless variables, the nonlinear mathematical model can be solved analytically. This new approach has been validated with several approximate formulas and numerical tools. The diffusion of the moving boundary varying with time is analyzed in detail in multiple-porosity media, and then the effect of the moving boundary on pressure transient response is investigated and compared with that of the traditional three boundary types (closed boundary, infinite-pressure boundary, and constant-pressure boundary). Sensitivity analysis is conducted to study the effect of the TPG on pressure and pressure derivative curves and rate decline curves for single-porosity media, dual-porosity media, and triple-porosity media, respectively. The results show that the moving boundary exerts a significant influence on reservoir performance at a relatively early time, unlike the other three boundary types, and only a boundary-dominated effect at the late time. The larger the threshold pressure gradient, the smaller the diffusion distance of the moving boundary and the rate of this well at a given dimensionless time. At the same time, the pressure transient response exhibits a higher upward trend because of a larger TPG. All behavior response might be explained by more pressure drop consumed in low-permeability reservoirs. The finding is helpful to understand the performance of low-permeability multiple-porosity media and guide the reasonable development of low-permeability reservoirs.

scholarly journals A New Method for Research on Unsteady Pressure Dynamics and Productivity of Ultralow-Permeability Reservoirs

Geofluids ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Kun Wang ◽  
Li Li ◽  
Xiao Chen ◽  
Wei Liang ◽  
Yong Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stress Sensitivity ◽  
Low Permeability ◽  
Threshold Pressure ◽  
Test Interpretation ◽  
Well Test ◽  
Pressure Derivative ◽  
Threshold Pressure Gradient ◽  
The Real ◽  
Skin Factor ◽  
Low Permeability Reservoirs

In the numerous low-permeability reservoirs, knowing the real productivity of the reservoir became one of the most important steps in its exploitation. However, the value of permeability interpreted by a conventional well-test method is far lower than logging, which further leads to an inaccurate skin factor. This skin factor cannot match the real production situation and will mislead engineer to do an inappropriate development strategy of the oilfield. In order to solve this problem, key parameters affecting the skin factor need to be found. Based on the real core experiment and digital core experiment results, stress sensitivity and threshold pressure gradient are verified to be the most influential factors in the production of low-permeability reservoirs. On that basis, instead of a constant skin factor, a well-test interpretation mathematical model is established by defining and using a time-varying skin factor. The time-varying skin factor changes with the change of stress sensitivity and threshold pressure gradient. In this model, the Laplace transform is used to solve the Laplace space solution, and the Stehfest numerical inversion is used to calculate the real space solution. Then, the double logarithmic chart of dimensionless borehole wall pressure and pressure derivative changing with dimensionless time is drawn. The influences of parameters in expressions including stress sensitivity, threshold pressure, and variable skin factor on pressure and pressure derivative and productivity are analyzed, respectively. At last, the method is applied to the well-test interpretation of low-permeability oil fields in the eastern South China Sea. The interpretation results turn out to be reasonable and can truly reflect the situation of low-permeability reservoirs, which can give guidance to the rational development of low-permeability reservoirs.

scholarly journals The Experimental Investigation of the Development Potential of Low-Permeability Reservoirs in the Daqing Oilfield

Geofluids ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Yazhou Zhou ◽  
Daiyin Yin
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Flow ◽  
Flow Characteristics ◽  
Fluid Distribution ◽  
Low Permeability ◽  
Throat Radius ◽  
Threshold Pressure Gradient ◽  
Development Potential ◽  
Fluid Flow Characteristics ◽  
Low Permeability Reservoirs ◽  
Nonlinear Fluid

It is very risky and difficult to develop low-permeability reservoirs, but reservoir development can be guided by the development potential of different low-permeability reservoirs. In this study, natural cores of the Daqing Oilfield were used as the research objects. The throat radius distributions of the different low-permeability cores were determined by the constant velocity mercury injection method, the movable fluid distribution characteristics were determined by nuclear magnetic resonance, and the nonlinear fluid flow characteristics were analyzed via fluid flow experimentation. From these data, the development potential for low-permeability reservoirs was determined. The results show that when the permeability is 1×10−3 μm2, the average throat radius is only approximately 0.9 μm and throats with radii less than 0.1 μm account for approximately 30% of the throats. The throats with an average radius less than 1 μm, especially throats with radii less than 0.1 μm, are the main factor restricting the fluid flow in these cores. The movable fluid is only approximately 20% of the fluid in a core, and the threshold pressure gradient reaches 0.15 MPa/m when the permeability is 1×10−3 μm2, indicating that it is more difficult to develop reservoirs with permeabilities less than 1×10−3 μm2.

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