scholarly journals Effect of Unequal Lot Sizes, Variable Setup Cost, and Carbon Emission Cost in a Supply Chain Model

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Biswajit Sarkar ◽  
Sharmila Saren ◽  
Debjani Sinha ◽  
Sun Hur
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Carbon Emission ◽  
Graphical Representation ◽  
Chain Model ◽  
Lot Size ◽  
Setup Cost ◽  
Defective Items ◽  
Supply Chain Model ◽  
Investment Function ◽  
Optimum Solution

Due to heavy transportation for single-setup multidelivery (SSMD) policy in supply chain management, this model assumes carbon emission cost to obtain a realistic behavior for world environment. The transportation for buyer and vendor is considered along with setup cost reduction by using an investment function. It is assumed that the shipment lot size of each delivery is unequal and variable. The buyer inspects all received products and returns defective items to vendor for reworking process. Because of this policy, end customers will only obtain nondefective items. The analytical optimization is considered to obtain the optimum solution of the model. The main goal of this paper is to reduce the total cost by considering carbon emission during the transportation. A numerical example, graphical representation, and sensitivity analysis are given to illustrate the model.

Two-echelon imperfect production fuzzy supply chain model for reliability dependent demand with probabilistic deterioration and rework

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Sudip Adak ◽  
G.S. Mahapatra
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Production Rate ◽  
Production Cost ◽  
Idle Time ◽  
Chain Model ◽  
Specific Time ◽  
Defective Items ◽  
Imperfect Production ◽  
Supply Chain Model ◽  
Dependent Demand

This paper develops a fuzzy two-layer supply chain for manufacturer and retailer with defective and non-defective types of products. The manufacturer produces up to a specific time, including faulty and non-defective items, and after the screening, the non-defective item sends to the retailer. The retailer’s strategy is to do the screening of items received from the manufacturer; subsequently, the perfect quality items are used to fulfill the customer’s demand, and the defective items are reworked. The retailer considers that customer demand is time and reliability dependent. The supply chain considers probabilistic deterioration for the manufacturer and retailers along with the strategies such as production rate, unit production cost, cost of idle time of manufacturer, screening, rework, etc. The optimum average profit of the integrated model is evaluated for both the cases crisp and fuzzy environments. Managerial insights and the effect of changes in the parameters’ values on the optimal inventory policy under fuzziness are presented.

The effect of human errors on an integrated stochastic supply chain model with setup cost reduction and backorder price discount

2020 ◽  
Vol 226 ◽  
pp. 107643 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sunil Tiwari ◽  
Nima Kazemi ◽  
Nikunja Mohan Modak ◽  
Leopoldo Eduardo Cárdenas-Barrón ◽  
Sumon Sarkar
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Cost Reduction ◽  
Chain Model ◽  
Price Discount ◽  
Setup Cost ◽  
Human Errors ◽  
Supply Chain Model ◽  
Setup Cost Reduction

scholarly journals Optimal Pricing and Ordering Policy for Two Echelon Varying Production Inventory System

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brojeswar Pal ◽  
Shib Sankar Sana ◽  
Kripasindhu Chaudhuri
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Chain Model ◽  
Selling Price ◽  
Lot Size ◽  
Ordering Policy ◽  
Supply Chain Model ◽  
Production Inventory ◽  
Test Feasibility ◽  
Optimal Ordering

The paper proposes a two-stage supply chain model for price sensitive demand in imperfect production system while manufacturer and supplier are the members of the chain. The supplier screens the raw materials first and supplies good materials to the manufacturer at a constant rate. The production rate varies randomly within a finite interval. The inventory cycle of the manufacturer starts with shortages and production and it finishes with shortages again, in which shortages are partially backlogged. We consider a mixture of LIFO (last in, first out) and FIFO (first in, first out) dispatching policies to fill the backlogged demand. Thus, the objective of the proposed paper is to determine the optimal ordering lot-size and selling price of the manufacturer such that the per unit average integrated expected profit of the supply chain model is maximized. A numerical example is provided to analyze and illustrate the behavior and application of the model. Finally, sensitivity analysis of the key parameters are presented to test feasibility of the model.

scholarly journals Effects of Variable Production Rate and Time-Dependent Holding Cost for Complementary Products in Supply Chain Model

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mitali Sarkar ◽  
Sun Hur ◽  
Biswajit Sarkar
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Production Rate ◽  
Graphical Representation ◽  
Stackelberg Game ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
Chain Model ◽  
Complementary Products ◽  
Supply Chain Model ◽  
Holding Cost ◽  
Variable Production

Recently, a major trend is going to redesign a production system by controlling or making variable the production rate within some fixed interval to maintain the optimal level. This strategy is more effective when the holding cost is time-dependent as it is interrelated with holding duration of products and rate of production. An effort is made to make a supply chain model (SCM) to show the joint effect of variable production rate and time-varying holding cost for specific type of complementary products, where those products are made by two different manufacturers and a common retailer makes them bundle and sells bundles to end customers. Demand of each product is specified by stochastic reservation prices with a known potential market size. Those players of the SCM are considered with unequal power. Stackelberg game approach is employed to obtain global optimum solution of the model. An illustrative numerical example, graphical representation, and managerial insights are given to illustrate the model. Results prove that variable production rate and time-dependent holding cost save more than existing literature.

scholarly journals Lead-time Dependent Ordering Cost Reduction and Trade-credit: A Supply Chain Model with Stochastic Demand and Rework

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 5113-5117
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Cost Reduction ◽  
Lead Time ◽  
Trade Credit ◽  
Chain Model ◽  
Lot Size ◽  
Expected Cost ◽  
Production Run ◽  
Supply Chain Model ◽  
Ordering Cost Reduction

This study focuses on an integrated vendor-buyer supply chain model where the lead-time and ordering cost reduction act dependently. The lead time demand of a product follows a normal distribution. The manufacturing process is imperfect. During production run time, a certain percentage of defective products are produced, which are immediately reworked. Trade-credit financing has been taken into consideration. The goal of this study is to minimize the joint total expected cost by providing an inter-dependent reduction strategy of lead-time and ordering cost along with the determination of the optimal values of lead-time, number of deliveries, order lot size, ordering cost, lead-time crashing cost, and the joint total expected cost. A solution algorithm and a numerical example are presented to illustrate and establish the integrated model. This model can be used in textiles, automobiles and computers industries.

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