scholarly journals Benzene as a Chemical Hazard in Processed Foods

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vânia Paula Salviano dos Santos ◽  
Andréa Medeiros Salgado ◽  
Alexandre Guedes Torres ◽  
Karen Signori Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Dietary Exposure ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
International Agency ◽  
Formation Mechanisms ◽  
Food Preservatives ◽  
Chemical Hazard ◽  
Contaminated Food ◽  
Contaminated Drinking Water ◽  
General Studies

This paper presents a literature review on benzene in foods, including toxicological aspects, occurrence, formation mechanisms, and mitigation measures and analyzes data reporting benzene levels in foods. Benzene is recognized by the IARC (International Agency for Research on Cancer) as carcinogenic to humans, and its presence in foods has been attributed to various potential sources: packaging, storage environment, contaminated drinking water, cooking processes, irradiation processes, and degradation of food preservatives such as benzoates. Since there are no specific limits for benzene levels in beverages and food in general studies have adopted references for drinking water in a range from 1–10 ppb. The presence of benzene has been reported in various food/beverage substances with soft drinks often reported in the literature. Although the analyses reported low levels of benzene in most of the samples studied, some exceeded permissible limits. The available data on dietary exposure to benzene is minimal from the viewpoint of public health. Often benzene levels were low as to be considered negligible and not a consumer health risk, but there is still a need of more studies for a better understanding of their effects on human health through the ingestion of contaminated food.

Studies on diarrhea prevalence in selected communities in greater Monrovia, Liberia

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
James McClain ◽  
J. Boima Kiazolu ◽  
Peter Saah Humphrey ◽  
Plenseh Diana Paye
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Health Improvement ◽  
Family Behavior ◽  
Contaminated Food ◽  
Contaminated Drinking Water ◽  
Group A ◽  
Diarrhea Prevalence ◽  
Education And Awareness ◽  
Group B ◽  
And Behavior

Diarrhea is an epidemic that threatens the livelihood of children less than five years in developing countries. Control and mitigation pose a severe challenge in these countries. The subjective of the study is to assess the prevalence of and factors associated with diarrhea among families in Greater Monrovia. The study recruited 257 families from three communities and geographically and randomly assigned to the two groups (A & B). Socio-demographic survey and knowledge and behavior questionnaires on diarrhea prevalence were used to collect data. Reports from the study indicate that family in Group A (93%) and Group B (83.6%) have significant knowledge associating contaminated drinking water and contaminated food with diarrhea; X2 =11.2, p = 0.001. The family behavior shows that Group A (33%) and Group B (51%) do not treat their drinking water before consumption. The findings from this study recommend an education and awareness intervention on diarrheal and related illnesses to increase family knowledge and improvement of the behavior community public health improvement process.  

A Regional Comparative Study on Arsenic Contaminated Drinking Water in Bangladesh

2010 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 763-777
Author(s):  
Sho SHIBATA ◽  
Yoshimi HAGIHARA ◽  
Kiyoko HAGIHARA ◽  
Akira SAKAI
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Contaminated Drinking Water

MOFs for the treatment of arsenic, fluoride and iron contaminated drinking water: A review

Chemosphere ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 251 ◽  
pp. 126388 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dibyajyoti Haldar ◽  
Prangan Duarah ◽  
Mihir Kumar Purkait
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Contaminated Drinking Water

scholarly journals Decision aiding handbooks for managing contaminated food production systems, drinking water and inhabited areas in Europe

2010 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
pp. S23-S37 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.F. Nisbet ◽  
J. Brown ◽  
B.J. Howard ◽  
N.A. Beresford ◽  
H. Ollagnon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Decision Aiding ◽  
Contaminated Food

The potential reproductive effects of exposure of domestic ruminants to endocrine disrupting compounds

2002 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.L. Boerjan ◽  
S. Freijnagel ◽  
S.M. Rhind ◽  
G.A.L. Meijer
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting Compounds ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Domestic Ruminants ◽  
Reproductive Effects ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting ◽  
Contaminated Food

AbstractChemical compounds that mimic or block some of the actions of the steroid hormone oestradiol, have created public concern primarily because of potential adverse reproductive effects in wildlife and humans. Many studies, in vivo and in vitro, have revealed abnormal reproductive function following exposure to these compounds. The number of chemicals known to have the potential to modulate endocrine functions is increasing. In contrast to humans and wildlife, the potential reproductive effects of exposure of domestic animals to endocrine disrupting compounds (EDC) have been studied little. The aim of this overview is to evaluate the possible contribution of EDC to reproductive failure in domestic ruminants.Sources and classes of EDC are discussed as well as their structure and the modes of hormone disruption. Endocrine disrupting agents may interfere with the reproductive processes of both males and females at several points of the reproductive cycle and through a range of physiological mechanisms. Extrapolating from the results obtained with laboratory animals, the mechanisms whereby infertility in domestic ruminants might be expressed by exposure to EDC through contaminated food and drinking water are addressed.A preliminary risk assessment is included and it is concluded that under certain circumstances there may be a significantly enhanced intake of oestrogenic hormones and EDC through sewage-contaminated water or soil-contaminated herbage. The physiological consequences for domestic ruminants of EDC ingestion, at the rates estimated, are largely unknown. However, the levels of exposure to oestrogenic hormones and phthalates in grazing ruminants are such that when studying fertility problems in high-yielding dairy cattle the impacts of exposure to endocrine disruptors via the food and drinking water cannot be neglected.

A fatal waterborne disease epidemic in Walkerton, Ontario: comparison with other waterborne outbreaks in the developed world

2003 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 7-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.E. Hrudey ◽  
P. Payment ◽  
P.M. Huck ◽  
R.W. Gillham ◽  
E.J. Hrudey
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Security ◽  
Reference Source ◽  
Water Safety ◽  
Drinking Water Safety ◽  
Public Inquiry ◽  
Contaminated Drinking Water ◽  
The Government ◽  
Safety Of Drinking Water ◽  
Developed World

An estimated 2,300 people became seriously ill and seven died from exposure to microbially contaminated drinking water in the town of Walkerton, Ontario, Canada in May 2000. The severity of this drinking water disaster resulted in the Government of Ontario calling a public inquiry by Mr. Justice Dennis O’Connor to address the cause of the outbreak, the role (if any) of government policies in contributing to this outbreak and, ultimately, the implications of this experience on the safety of drinking water across the Province of Ontario. The circumstances surrounding the Walkerton tragedy are an important reference source for those concerned with providing safe drinking water. Although some circumstances are obviously specific to this epidemic, others are uncomfortably reminiscent of waterborne outbreaks that have occurred elsewhere. These recurring themes suggested the need for attention to broad issues of drinking water security and they present the challenge for how drinking water safety can be managed to prevent such tragedies in the future.

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