scholarly journals Growth Modeling of the Maternal Cytokine Milieu throughout Normal Pregnancy: Macrophage-Derived Chemokine Decreases as Inflammation/Counterregulation Increases

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shernan G. Holtan ◽  
Yiyi Chen ◽  
Rajani Kaimal ◽  
Douglas J. Creedon ◽  
Elizabeth Ann L. Enninga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Modeling ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Normal Pregnancy ◽  
Cd40 Ligand ◽  
Soluble Cd40 Ligand ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Cytokine Milieu ◽  
Multiplex Bead

Several recent studies have shown differences in the maternal immune milieu at different phases of pregnancy, but most studies have been cross-sectional or of relatively few time points. Levels of 42 cytokines were determined using a multiplex bead-based assay on archived serum from a cohort of pregnant womenN=16at median of 18 time points tested, from the first trimester through to parturition, per woman. Unconditional growth modeling was then used to determine time-dependent changes in levels of these cytokines. Macrophage-derived chemokine (MDC, aka CCL22) decreases as pregnancy progresses. IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-12p70, IL-13, IL-15, IP-10, and FLT3-ligand increase as a function of gestational weeks, and IFNα2, IL-1ra, IL-3, IL-9, IL-12p40, and soluble CD40 ligand increase as a function of trimester. As pregnancy normally progresses, a maternal shift away from a type 2-biased immune response and toward an inflammatory/counterregulatory response is observed.

Elevation in Circulating Soluble CD40 Ligand Concentrations in Type 2 Diabetic Retinopathy and Association with its Severity

2018 ◽  
Vol 128 (05) ◽  
pp. 319-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laila Ben Lamine ◽  
Amira Turki ◽  
Ghada Al-Khateeb ◽  
Nejla Sellami ◽  
Hagger B. Amor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Cd40 Ligand ◽  
Significant Finding ◽  
Characteristic Analysis ◽  
Soluble Cd40 Ligand ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic Retinopathy

Abstract Background To investigate the relationship between changes in circulating soluble CD40 ligand (sCD40L) levels and the presence and severity of type 2 diabetic retinopathy (DR). Subjects and methods sCD40L plasma concentrations were measured in 205 type 2 diabetes (T2DM) patients without DR (DWR; n=50) and with DR (n=155), the latter subdivided into non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy [NPDR; n=98 (63.2%)], or proliferative retinopathy [PDR; n=57 (36.8%)] patients. Results Receiver operating characteristic analysis provided good discriminatory power for sCD40L as predictor of DR presence, with high sensitivity and specificity. Categorizing DWR and DR patients into sCD40L quartiles, based on sCD40L concentrations in T2DM without DR, demonstrated statistically significant gradual increase in DR risk with increasing sCD40L levels. sCD40L levels were significantly higher in DR compared to DWR patients. Plasma sCD40L levels differed significantly according to DR severity, and correlated with diabetes duration, dyslipedimea, nephropathy, and presence of DR, but not with gender, age, SBP, DBP, FPG, HbA1c, T2DM medications. Linear regression analysis confirmed the association of increased sCD40L levels with DR, independent of others parameters; mean plasma sCD40L levels differing significantly according to DR severity. Conclusion Plasma sCD40L levels were positively associated with DR. The significant finding here is that sCD40L levels can be predictors of DR severity.

Gestational age-specific reference intervals for 15 biochemical measurands during normal pregnancy in China

2017 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 446-452 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanpeng Dai ◽  
Junjie Liu ◽  
Enwu Yuan ◽  
Yushan Li ◽  
Quanxian Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Parametric Method ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Normal Pregnancy ◽  
Reference Intervals ◽  
Specific Reference ◽  
Gamma Glutamyl Transpeptidase ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Laboratory Results

Aims Physiological changes that occur during pregnancy can influence biochemical parameters. Therefore, using reference intervals based on specimens from non-pregnant women to interpret laboratory results during pregnancy may be inappropriate. This study aimed to establish the essential reference intervals for a range of analytes during pregnancy. Methods A cross-sectional study was performed in 13,656 healthy pregnant and 2634 non-pregnant women. Fifteen biochemical measurands relating to renal and hepatic function were analysed using an Olympus AU5400 analyzer (Olympus, Tokyo, Japan). All the laboratory results were checked for outliers using Dixon’s test. Reference intervals were established using a non-parametric method. Results Alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, albumin, cholinesterase, creatinine, direct bilirubin, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, total bilirubin, total bile acid and total protein showed a decrease during the whole gestational period, while alkaline phosphatase and uric acid increased. Urea nitrogen, β2-microglobulin and cystatin-C fell significantly during the first trimester and then remained relatively stable until third trimester. Reference intervals of all the measurands during normal pregnancy have been established. Conclusions The reference intervals established here can be adopted in other clinical laboratories after appropriate validation. We verified the importance, for some measurands, of partitioning by gestational age when establishing reference intervals during pregnancy.

scholarly journals Distribution of thyroid peroxidase positivity and its effects on thyroid function in normal pregnant women during 1st trimester in Dhaka city

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-20
Author(s):  
Ohida Sultanaa ◽  
Nasim Jahan ◽  
Nayma Sultana ◽  
Farzana Mahmudad ◽  
Tazdik G Chowdhurye
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Thyroid Function ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Normal Pregnancy ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Thyroid Peroxidase ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Total Study Population ◽  
Group B

Objective: To measure the distribution of TPO-Ab positivity and to observe the effect of thyroid peroxidase positivity on thyroid function during first trimester in normal pregnancy. Method: A cross sectional among 120 subjects were taken in this study and divided into control and study groups. Control group (Group A) consisted of 60 healthy non pregnant women age ranged between 20 to 35 years. Study group (Group B) consisted of 60 normal pregnant women of same age range. Group B was further subdivided into group B1 and group B2according to the level of TPO-Ab. Group B1 consisted of TPO-Ab positive pregnant women and group B2 consisted of TPO- Ab negative pregnant women. Control group was selected from personal contacts and study group from Out Patient Department (OPD) of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Sir Salimullah Medical College and Mitford Hospital. For assessment of thyroid function, serum free thyroxine (FT4), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) were measured. Serum FT4, TSH were measured by Enzyme link immunosorbant (ELISA) method. Again, serum TPO-Ab of total study population and hCG of all the pregnant women were measured. Serum TPO-Ab by Micro particle Enzyme Immunoassay (MEIA) method and hCG was estimated by ELISA. Statistical analysis was done by SPSS version 17. Results: In this study, serum FT4 and was significantly (P<0.001) higher and TSH level was significantly (P<0.001) lower in normal pregnant women during 1st trimester in comparison to those of non pregnant women. Again, 18% of pregnant women showed TPO-Ab positivity. However, serum FT4 level was significantly (P<0.001) lower whereas, TSH level was significantly (p<0.001) higher in TPO-Ab positive pregnant women in comparison to those of TPO-Ab negative pregnant women. Conclusion: TPO-Ab positivity increases during 1st trimester of normal pregnancy which decreases the hyper functional state of thyroid hormones. So, thyroid screening should be done routinely during pregnancy. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/updcj.v4i1.21160 Update Dent. Coll. j: 2014; 4 (1): 15-20

Serum-Soluble CD40 Ligand in Normal Pregnancy and in Preeclampsia

2006 ◽  
Vol 107 (4) ◽  
pp. 896-900 ◽  
Author(s):  
Galia Oron ◽  
Avi Ben-Haroush ◽  
Moshe Hod ◽  
Raoul Orvieto ◽  
Jacob Bar
Keyword(s):  
Normal Pregnancy ◽  
Cd40 Ligand ◽  
Soluble Cd40 Ligand

Influence of glycaemic control on platelet bound CD40-CD40L system, P-selectin and soluble CD40 ligand in Type 2 diabetes

2010 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 384-390 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Neubauer ◽  
P. Setiadi ◽  
B. Günesdogan ◽  
A. Pinto ◽  
J. Börgel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Glycaemic Control ◽  
Cd40 Ligand ◽  
Soluble Cd40 Ligand ◽  
System P

Protein Z in normal pregnancy

2005 ◽  
Vol 93 (04) ◽  
pp. 706-709 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth Stiller ◽  
Malgorzata Roos ◽  
Roland Zimmermann ◽  
Katharina Quack Loetscher
Keyword(s):  
First Trimester ◽  
Normal Pregnancy ◽  
Progressive Increase ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Factor X ◽  
Clotting Factors ◽  
Protein Z ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Fibrinolytic Proteins ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy

SummaryChanges in the coagulation and fibrinolytic systems during pregnancy lead to a higher risk of thromboembolism. These changes include the increase of many clotting factors, as well as a significant fall in activity of fibrinolytic proteins, such as protein C. Protein Z is a vitamin-K-dependent plasma glycoprotein and inhibits the activation of factor X by serving as a cofactor to a plasma proteinase inhibitor. Protein Z deficiency has recently been reported in women with unexplained early fetal losses, and antibodies to protein Z can contribute to adverse pregnancy outcomes. The aim of this study was to determine the range of protein Z in normal pregnancies at different gestational weeks in a cross-sectional and a longitudinal setting. In the longitudinal study we found a 20% increase (p=0.006) of protein Z from first trimester to delivery and a 30% decrease (p<0.0001) 6 to 12 weeks after delivery. In the cross-sectional study these findings were reproducible. In summary, our data show a progressive increase in protein Z levels with gestational age in normal pregnancies and a return to normal levels around 6 to 12 weeks postpartum. The normal increase of protein Z during pregnancy may balance the increase of clotting factors to protect pregnant women from thrombosis.

scholarly journals MMP-9 Level Comparation between Spontaneous Abortion and Normal Pregnancy

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 174
Author(s):  
Aloysius Suryawan ◽  
Johanes C Mose ◽  
Budi Handono
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Spontaneous Abortion ◽  
Fetal Death ◽  
Embryo Implantation ◽  
Obstetric Care ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Normal Pregnancy ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional

BACKGROUND: Abortion remains a problem in the obstetric care as it is one of the causes of maternal and fetal death. Bleeding or miscarriage threat in the first trimester comprises 20% to 25% of all pregnant women, and 50% of them will end as spontaneous abortion. The major cause of maternal death in abortion is hemorrhage. Some recent studies have indicated that MMP-9 is important in the process of embryo implantation into the endometrium and spontaneous abortion occurs when there is an overwhelming increase of MMP-9. This data indicate the importance of a further research to elucidate the role of MMP-9 in spontaneous abortion.METHODS: This was a cross sectional study, included 70 pregnant women with gestational age <20 weeks who came for examination and treatment at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical Faculty of Padjadjaran University/Hasan Sadikin Hospital, Bandung. RESULTS: There were differences in the MMP-9 levels in spontaneous abortion compared to normal pregnancy and MMP-9 had a cut-off point >1221.7 with the sensitivity of 48.6% specificity of 80%, and accuracy of 60.9%.SUMMARY: The MMP-9 level in spontaneous abortion was higher than in normal pregnancy.KEYWORDS: MMP-9, spontaneous abortion, normal pregnancy

Plasma and 24-h NOxand cGMP during normal pregnancy and preeclampsia in women on a reduced NOxdiet

1999 ◽  
Vol 277 (1) ◽  
pp. F48-F57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirk P. Conrad ◽  
Laurie J. Kerchner ◽  
Monique D. Mosher
Keyword(s):  
First Trimester ◽  
Normal Pregnancy ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
No Production ◽  
Maternal Circulation ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Endogenous Production ◽  
Normal Human ◽  
Nitrate And Nitrite

We tested the hypothesis that nitric oxide (NO) biosynthesis increases during normal human pregnancy and decreases in preeclampsia. The major metabolites of NO, nitrate and nitrite (NOx), were measured in both the plasma and 24-h urine of women subjected to a reduced NOxdiet. In this way, the plasma and urinary levels mainly reflected endogenous production rather than dietary intake. Moreover, we assessed cGMP, a second messenger of NO, in the same samples. Both NOxand cGMP assays were validated in our laboratory. We first conducted a cross-sectional study of nonpregnant women ( n = 15), normal pregnant women in the first ( n = 9), second ( n = 17) and third ( n = 22) trimesters, as well as women with preeclampsia ( n = 15) and transient hypertension of pregnancy ( n= 7). We also performed a serial study in the same women ( n = 9) before, during, and after pregnancy. Taken together, the results of the two investigations suggested marked increases in cGMP production especially during the first trimester when the maternal circulation is rapidly vasodilating. In contrast, whole body NO production as estimated by the plasma level and urinary excretion of NOxwas not elevated during the first trimester. Finally, unequivocal demonstration of reduced NO biosynthesis in preeclampsia was not forthcoming.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document