scholarly journals How Muscle Structure and Composition Influence Meat and Flesh Quality

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Listrat ◽  
Bénédicte Lebret ◽  
Isabelle Louveau ◽  
Thierry Astruc ◽  
Muriel Bonnet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Muscle Fibers ◽  
Intramuscular Fat ◽  
Adipose Tissues ◽  
Flesh Quality ◽  
Technological Value

Skeletal muscle consists of several tissues, such as muscle fibers and connective and adipose tissues. This review aims to describe the features of these various muscle components and their relationships with the technological, nutritional, and sensory properties of meat/flesh from different livestock and fish species. Thus, the contractile and metabolic types, size and number of muscle fibers, the content, composition and distribution of the connective tissue, and the content and lipid composition of intramuscular fat play a role in the determination of meat/flesh appearance, color, tenderness, juiciness, flavor, and technological value. Interestingly, the biochemical and structural characteristics of muscle fibers, intramuscular connective tissue, and intramuscular fat appear to play independent role, which suggests that the properties of these various muscle components can be independently modulated by genetics or environmental factors to achieve production efficiency and improve meat/flesh quality.

scholarly journals JARINGAN OTOT RANGKA Sistem membran dan struktur halus unit kontraktil

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sunny Wangko
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Sarcoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Muscle Tissue ◽  
Muscle Fibers ◽  
Membrane System ◽  
Transverse Tubules ◽  
Foot Structure ◽  
Cross Bridges ◽  
Main Components

Abstract: There are three main components of skeletal muscle: connective tissue, muscle tissue, and membrane system. The connective tissue protects the muscle fibers and separate them into fasicles. The skeletal muscle consists of paralel muscle fibers with their myofibrils which are composed by smaller contractile units, thick myofilaments and thin myofilaments. The membrane system consists of sarcolemma, transverse tubules (TT), foot structure, and sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) with its cisternae. Depolarization of the sarcolemma spreads to TT, foot structure, and SR, resulting in the release of Ca2+ ions from SR. These ions trigger the formation of cross bridges to begin a contraction.Keywords: sarcolemma, T tubule, sarcoplasmic reticulum, thick myofilament, thin myofilamentAbstrak: Terdapat tiga komponen utama jaringan otot rangka, yaitu: jaringan ikat, jaringan otot seran lintang, dan sistem membran. Jaringan ikat berfungsi melindungi serat-serat otot dan memisahkannya atas berkas-berkas otot. Jaringan otot rangka tersusun atas serat-serat otot yang bherjalan sejajar dengan miofibrilnya yang terdiri atas unit kontraktil yang lebih kecil yaitu miofilamen tebal dan tipis. Sistem membran terdiri atas sarkolema dimana terjadinya depolarisasi yang paling awal dan dihantarkan ke dalam serat otot melalui tubulus T, struktur kaki pada daerah triad, dan sisterna terminalis yang selanjutnya memicu pelepasan ion Ca2+ dari retikulum sarkoplasma. Ion Ca2+ merupakan pemicu untuk pembentukan jembatan silang yang mengawali suatu kontraksi otot.Kata kunci: sarkolema, tubulus T, retikulum sarkoplasma, filamen tebal, filamen tipis

Effects of Denervation on the Histochemical Characterization of Skeletal Muscle During Growth

1956 ◽  
Vol 185 (2) ◽  
pp. 287-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lillian Eichelberger ◽  
Wayne H. Akeson ◽  
Michael Roma
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Muscle Fiber ◽  
Weight Bearing ◽  
Muscle Fibers ◽  
Extracellular Fluid ◽  
Calf Muscle ◽  
Tissue Mass ◽  
Control Calf ◽  
Thigh Muscles

Skeletal muscle, which has been histochemically characterized by: a) extracellular tissue comprising extracellular fluid plus connective tissue solids, and b) intracellular tissue comprising intracellular water and fiber solids, has provided a method to interpret quantitatively what occurs when skeletal muscle atrophies. Histochemical findings from skeletal muscle (calf and thigh groups) from the legs of puppies following disuse brought about by denervation were compared with those obtained on muscles removed from the opposite weight-bearing leg, the control leg. All tissue data were calculated on a fat-free basis. The calculation of the extracellular tissue mass was based on the chloride space, and the estimation of the connective tissue solids was based on the collagen nitrogen values. The histochemical interpretations indicated that following the denervation of muscle the change of greatest magnitude was in the mass of the extracellular tissue. In a kilogram of control calf muscle the extracellular mass (F) was 295 gm, of which 47 gm were the connective tissue solids. In a kilogram of denervated calf muscle the (F) was 397 gm, of which 57 gm were connective tissue solids. In a kilogram of control thigh muscles the (F) was 249 gm containing 41 gm of connective tissue solids; and there were 378 gm in the (F) of the denervated thigh containing 52 gm of connective tissue solids. After correcting the determined total solids of the muscles for the connective tissue solids, the remaining solids were allotted to the muscle fiber solids. Therefore in atrophied muscle there was a decrease in the muscle fiber solids of 166 gm (control) to 137 gm (denervated). Since histologically a definite shortening of fibers has been found, the histochemical decrease in the fiber weight must be the result of shortening of the muscle fibers. Histochemical evidence that the internal structure of the muscle fibers did not change in denervation was provided by the findings that the calculated concentrations of potassium (156 mEq) and magnesium (30 mEq)/kg of muscle fiber water did not differ from the control values. Likewise, the amount of water per kilogram of muscle fibers remained the same: 77% in the control and denervated calf muscles, and 78% in all of the thigh muscles.

scholarly journals Determination of ionic calcium in frog skeletal muscle fibers

1983 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.R. López ◽  
L. Alamo ◽  
C. Caputo ◽  
R. DiPolo ◽  
S. Vergara
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Muscle Fibers ◽  
Frog Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Fibers ◽  
Ionic Calcium

The “KIMWIPE” Effect in Ultra-Thin Cryosections

1985 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 458-459
Author(s):  
I. Taylor ◽  
P. Ingram ◽  
J.R. Sommer
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Muscle Fibers ◽  
Ice Crystals ◽  
Crystal Formation ◽  
Ice Crystal ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Fibers ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Ice Crystal Formation

In studying quick-frozen single intact skeletal muscle fibers for structural and microchemical alterations that occur milliseconds, and fractions thereof, after electrical stimulation, we have developed a method to compare, directly, ice crystal formation in freeze-substituted thin sections adjacent to all, and beneath the last, freeze-dried cryosections. We have observed images in the cryosections that to our knowledge have not been published heretofore (Figs.1-4). The main features are that isolated, sometimes large regions of the sections appear hazy and have much less contrast than adjacent regions. Sometimes within the hazy regions there are smaller areas that appear crinkled and have much more contrast. We have also observed that while the hazy areas remain still, the regions of higher contrast visibly contract in the beam, often causing tears in the sections that are clearly not caused by ice crystals (Fig.3, arrows).

VASCULAR CONNECTIVE TISSUE UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF THYROXINE

1961 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
lb Lorenzen
Keyword(s):  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Vessel Wall ◽  
Aortic Wall ◽  
Calcium Content ◽  
Sodium Sulphate ◽  
Collagen Content ◽  
Histological Changes ◽  
Hexosamine Content ◽  
Healing Processes

ABSTRACT Biochemical and histological changes in the aortic wall of rabbits were demonstrated following injection of epinephrine and l-thyroxine during 2 weeks. The widespread gross and microscopic changes were accompanied by an increase in hexosamine content and uptake of 35S labeled sodium sulphate, and an increased calcium content, whereas the collagen content, assessed by determination of hydroxyproline, was reduced. Comparison with the effect of epinephrine injections alone showed that thyroxine intensified the damaging effect of epinephrine on the vessel wall and induced more pronounced mucopolysaccharide changes in the aortic wall, presumably acting as a link in the healing processes.

Features of phosphorus-calcium metabolism in children with neurogenic disorders of urination

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-50
Author(s):  
Yu. F. Lobanov ◽  
D. Y. Latyshev ◽  
Ya. F. Zverev ◽  
N. A. Tekuteva ◽  
N. M. Mikheeva
Keyword(s):  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Calcium Metabolism ◽  
Point System ◽  
Industry Standards ◽  
Muscular Dysfunction ◽  
Connective Tissue Dysplasia ◽  
Calcium And Phosphorus ◽  
Comparison Of The Results ◽  
Neurogenic Disorders

THE AIM: To study the characteristics of phosphorus-calcium metabolism in patients with neurogenic disorders of urination, taking into account the severity of the manifestations of connective tissue dysplasia. PATIENTS AND METHODS. The study included 90 children, including 60 children with neuro-muscular dysfunction of the bladder (NMDB) and 30 children with enuresis from the age of 5 to 15 years. The diagnosis was established based on a comprehensive examination and according to industry standards. Connective tissue dysplasia was diagnosed in children with the detection of 6 or more small external or visceral manifestations involving 3 or more organs from different systems. Assessment of the severity (severity) of connective tissue dysplasia was carried out according to the point system proposed by T.I. Kadurina et al. Each group was divided into subgroups depending on the severity of the manifestations of connective tissue dysplasia. The determination of the level of calcium and phosphorus in the blood and urine, as well as the calculation of the calcium-creatinine coefficient followed by a comparison of the results in these groups and subgroups. To assess the significance of differences, the Mann-Whitney test was calculated, p <0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS. he level of calcium and phosphorus in the urine was slightly higher in children with enuresis, especially in the morning portion of urine, where the concentration of calcium was 26% higher than in patients with NMDB. At the same time, the value of calcium /creatinine coefficient was significantly higher in the group of patients with enuresis and was 2 times higher than the normative indicators, which indicates the importance of hypercalciuria in the development of enuresis. СONCLUSION. According to the obtained data, the severity of calciuria, determined by the value of the calcium-creatinine coefficient, is significantly higher in patients with enuresis than with NMDB.

Effect of External Calcium and other Divalent Cations on K+ Contractures in Denervated Slow Skeletal Muscle Fibers of the Frog

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonardo Hernández
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Binding Capacity ◽  
Divalent Cations ◽  
Muscle Fibers ◽  
Free Calcium ◽  
Slow Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Fibers ◽  
Free Calcium Concentration ◽  
Chronic Denervation ◽  
Denervated Muscles

The influence of Ca2+ and other divalent cations on contractile responses of slow skeletal muscle fibers of the frog (Rana pipiens) under conditions of chronic denervation was investigated.Isometric tension was recorded from slow bundles of normal and denervated cruralis muscle in normal solution and in solutions with free calcium concentration solution or in solutions where other divalent cations (Sr2+, Ni2+, Co2+ or Mn2+) substituted for calcium. In the second week after nerve section, in Ca2+-free solutions, we observed that contractures (evoked from 40 to 80 mM-K+) of non-denervated muscles showed significantly higher tensions (p<0.05), than those from denervated bundles. Likewise, in solutions where calcium was substituted by all divalent cations tested, with exception of Mn2+, the denervated bundles displayed lower tension than non-denervated, also in the second week of denervation. In this case, the Ca2+ substitution by Sr2+ caused the higher decrease in tension, followed by Co2+ and Ni2+, which were different to non-denervated bundles, as the lowest tension was developed by Mn2+, followed by Co2+, and then Ni2+ and Sr2+. After the third week, we observed a recovery in tension. These results suggest that denervation altering the binding capacity to divalent cations of the voltage sensor.

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