scholarly journals Short-Term Monocular Deprivation Enhances Physiological Pupillary Oscillations

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paola Binda ◽  
Claudia Lunghi
Keyword(s):  
Visual Perception ◽  
Binocular Rivalry ◽  
Latent Variable ◽  
Cortical Excitability ◽  
Ocular Dominance ◽  
Sensory Stimulation ◽  
Monocular Deprivation ◽  
Systematic Change ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Pupillary Oscillations

Short-term monocular deprivation alters visual perception in adult humans, increasing the dominance of the deprived eye, for example, as measured with binocular rivalry. This form of plasticity may depend upon the inhibition/excitation balance in the visual cortex. Recent work suggests that cortical excitability is reliably tracked by dilations and constrictions of the pupils of the eyes. Here, we ask whether monocular deprivation produces a systematic change of pupil behavior, as measured at rest, that is independent of the change of visual perception. During periods of minimal sensory stimulation (in the dark) and task requirements (minimizing body and gaze movements), slow pupil oscillations, “hippus,” spontaneously appear. We find that hippus amplitude increases after monocular deprivation, with larger hippus changes in participants showing larger ocular dominance changes (measured by binocular rivalry). This tight correlation suggests that a single latent variable explains both the change of ocular dominance and hippus. We speculate that the neurotransmitter norepinephrine may be implicated in this phenomenon, given its important role in both plasticity and pupil control. On the practical side, our results indicate that measuring the pupil hippus (a simple and short procedure) provides a sensitive index of the change of ocular dominance induced by short-term monocular deprivation, hence a proxy for plasticity.

scholarly journals Brief localised monocular deprivation in adults alters binocular rivalry predominance retinotopically and reduces spatial inhibition

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shui’er Han ◽  
David Alais ◽  
Hamish MacDougall ◽  
Frans A. J. Verstraten
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Binocular Rivalry ◽  
Ocular Dominance ◽  
Monocular Deprivation ◽  
Annular Region ◽  
Gabaergic Inhibition ◽  
Central Vision ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Deprivation Period ◽  
Deprived Areas

Abstract Short-term deprivation (2.5 h) of an eye has been shown to boost its relative ocular dominance in young adults. Here, we show that a much shorter deprivation period (3–6 min) produces a similar paradoxical boost that is retinotopic and reduces spatial inhibition on neighbouring, non-deprived areas. Partial deprivation was conducted in the left hemifield, central vision or in an annular region, later assessed with a binocular rivalry tracking procedure. Post-deprivation, dominance of the deprived eye increased when rivalling images were within the deprived retinotopic region, but not within neighbouring, non-deprived areas where dominance was dependent on the correspondence between the orientation content of the stimuli presented in the deprived and that of the stimuli presented in non-deprived areas. Together, these results accord with other deprivation studies showing V1 activity changes and reduced GABAergic inhibition.

scholarly journals Short-term plasticity of the human adult visual cortex measured with 7T BOLD

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paola Binda ◽  
Jan W. Kurzawski ◽  
Claudia Lunghi ◽  
Laura Biagi ◽  
Michela Tosetti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Cortex ◽  
Frequency Tuning ◽  
Ocular Dominance ◽  
Monocular Deprivation ◽  
Homeostatic Plasticity ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Parvocellular Pathway ◽  
Human Adult ◽  
Spatial Frequencies ◽  
Ventral Pathway

AbstractVisual cortex, particularly V1, is considered to be resilient to plastic changes in adults. In particular, ocular dominance is assumed to be hard-wired after the end of the critical period. We show that short-term (2h) monocular deprivation in adult humans boosts the BOLD response to the deprived eye, changing ocular dominance of V1 vertices, consistently with homeostatic plasticity. The boost is strongest in V1, present in V2, V3 & V4 but absent in V3a and MT. Assessment of spatial frequency tuning in V1 by a population Receptive-Field technique shows that deprivation primarily boosts high spatial frequencies, consistent with a primary involvement of the parvocellular pathway. Crucially, the V1 deprivation effect correlates across participants with the perceptual increase of the deprived eye dominance assessed with binocular rivalry, suggesting a common origin. Our results demonstrate that visual cortex, particularly the ventral pathway, retains a high potential for homeostatic plasticity in the human adult.

scholarly journals A Computational Model of the Effect of Short−Term Monocular Deprivation on Binocular Rivalry in the Context of Amblyopia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norman Seeliger ◽  
Jochen Triesch
Keyword(s):  
Binocular Rivalry ◽  
Cortical Plasticity ◽  
Monocular Deprivation ◽  
Homeostatic Plasticity ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Successful Prediction ◽  
Inhibitory Plasticity ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Visual Cortical ◽  
Vision Therapy

Treatments for amblyopia focus on vision therapy and patching of one eye. Predicting the success of these methods remains difficult, however. Recent research has used binocular rivalry to monitor visual cortical plasticity during occlusion therapy, leading to a successful prediction of the recovery rate of the amblyopic eye. The underlying mechanisms and their relation to neural homeostatic plasticity are not known. Here we propose a spiking neural network to explain the effect of shortterm monocular deprivation on binocular rivalry. The model reproduces perceptual switches as observed experimentally. When one eye is occluded, inhibitory plasticity changes the balance between the eyes and leads to longer dominance periods for the eye that has been deprived. The model suggests that homeostatic inhibitory plasticity is a critical component of the observed effects and might play an important role in the recovery from amblyopia.

scholarly journals The shift in ocular dominance from short-term monocular deprivation exhibits no dependence on duration of deprivation

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Seung Hyun Min ◽  
Alex S. Baldwin ◽  
Alexandre Reynaud ◽  
Robert F. Hess
Keyword(s):  
Ocular Dominance ◽  
Monocular Deprivation ◽  
Short Term

scholarly journals Response to short-term deprivation of the human adult visual cortex measured with 7T BOLD

eLife ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paola Binda ◽  
Jan W Kurzawski ◽  
Claudia Lunghi ◽  
Laura Biagi ◽  
Michela Tosetti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Cortex ◽  
Frequency Tuning ◽  
Sensory Deprivation ◽  
Ocular Dominance ◽  
Monocular Deprivation ◽  
Homeostatic Plasticity ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Structural Reorganization ◽  
Parvocellular Pathway ◽  
Human Adult

Sensory deprivation during the post-natal ‘critical period’ leads to structural reorganization of the developing visual cortex. In adulthood, the visual cortex retains some flexibility and adapts to sensory deprivation. Here we show that short-term (2 hr) monocular deprivation in adult humans boosts the BOLD response to the deprived eye, changing ocular dominance of V1 vertices, consistent with homeostatic plasticity. The boost is strongest in V1, present in V2, V3 and V4 but absent in V3a and hMT+. Assessment of spatial frequency tuning in V1 by a population Receptive-Field technique shows that deprivation primarily boosts high spatial frequencies, consistent with a primary involvement of the parvocellular pathway. Crucially, the V1 deprivation effect correlates across participants with the perceptual increase of the deprived eye dominance assessed with binocular rivalry, suggesting a common origin. Our results demonstrate that visual cortex, particularly the ventral pathway, retains a high potential for homeostatic plasticity in the human adult.

scholarly journals Short-term plasticity in the visual thalamus

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan W Kurzawski ◽  
Claudia Lunghi ◽  
Laura Biagi ◽  
Michela Tosetti ◽  
Maria Concetta Morrone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Cortex ◽  
Visual Processing ◽  
Ocular Dominance ◽  
Monocular Deprivation ◽  
Spatial Proximity ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Ocular Dominance Plasticity ◽  
Short Term Plasticity ◽  
Visual Thalamus ◽  
Plasticity Effect

While there is evidence that the visual cortex retains a potential for plasticity in adulthood, less is known about the subcortical stages of visual processing. Here we asked whether short-term ocular dominance plasticity affects the visual thalamus. We addressed this question in normally sighted adult humans, using ultra-high field (7T) magnetic resonance imaging combined with the paradigm of short-term monocular deprivation. With this approach, we previously demonstrated transient shifts of perceptual eye dominance and ocular dominance in visual cortex (Binda et al., 2018). Here we report evidence for short-term plasticity in the ventral division of the pulvinar (vPulv), where the deprived eye representation was enhanced over the non-deprived eye. This pulvinar plasticity effect was similar as previously seen in visual cortex and it was correlated with the ocular dominance shift measured behaviorally. In contrast, there was no short-term plasticity effect in Lateral Geniculate Nucleus (LGN), where results were reliably different from vPulv, despite their spatial proximity. We conclude that the visual thalamus retains potential for short-term plasticity in adulthood; the plasticity effect differs across thalamic subregions, possibly reflecting differences in their cortical connectivity.

scholarly journals Aerobic Exercise Effects on Ocular Dominance Plasticity with a Phase Combination Task in Human Adults

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiawei Zhou ◽  
Alexandre Reynaud ◽  
Robert F. Hess
Keyword(s):  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Binocular Rivalry ◽  
Ocular Dominance ◽  
General Effect ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Ocular Dominance Plasticity ◽  
Plasticity Effect ◽  
Phase Combination ◽  
Human Adults ◽  
Normal Adults

Several studies have shown that short-term monocular patching can induce ocular dominance plasticity in normal adults, in which the patched eye becomes stronger in binocular viewing. There is a recent study showing that exercise enhances this plasticity effect when assessed with binocular rivalry. We address one question, is this enhancement from exercise a general effect such that it is seen for measures of binocular processing other than that revealed using binocular rivalry? Using a binocular phase combination task in which we directly measure each eye’s contribution to the binocularly fused percept, we show no additional effect of exercise after short-term monocular occlusion and argue that the enhancement of ocular dominance plasticity from exercise could not be demonstrated with our approach.

scholarly journals Ocular Dominance Plasticity: Measurement Reliability and Variability

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seung Hyun Min ◽  
Ling Gong ◽  
Alex S. Baldwin ◽  
Alexandre Reynaud ◽  
Zhifen He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ocular Dominance ◽  
Measurement Methods ◽  
Monocular Deprivation ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Ocular Dominance Plasticity ◽  
Physiological Basis ◽  
Eye Dominance ◽  
Phase Combination ◽  
One And Many ◽  
Test Retest Reliability

AbstractIn the last decade, studies have shown that short-term monocular deprivation strengthens the deprived eye’s contribution to binocular vision. However, the magnitude of the change in eye dominance after monocular deprivation (i.e., the patching effect) has been found to be different between for different methods and within the same method. There are three possible explanations for the discrepancy. First, the mechanisms underlying the patching effect that are probed by different measurement tasks might exist at different neural sites. Second, test-retest variability in the measurement might have led to inconsistencies, even within the same method. Third, the patching effect itself in the same subject might fluctuate across separate days or experimental sessions. To explore these possibilities, we assessed the test-retest reliability of the three most commonly used tasks (binocular rivalry, binocular combination, and dichoptic masking) and the repeatability of the shift in eye dominance after short-term monocular deprivation for each of the task. Two variations for binocular phase combination were used, at one and many contrasts of the stimuli. Also, two variations of the dichoptic masking task was tested, in which the orientation of the mask grating was either horizontal or vertical. This makes five different measurement methods in all. We hope to resolve some of the inconsistencies reported in the literature concerning this form of visual plasticity. In this study, we also aim to recommend a measurement method that will allow us to better understand its physiological basis and the underpinning of visual disorders.

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