scholarly journals Efficacy of Memantine in Schizophrenic Patients: A Systematic Review

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Di Iorio ◽  
Gaia Baroni ◽  
Marco Lorusso ◽  
Chiara Montemitro ◽  
Maria Chiara Spano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Positive Symptoms ◽  
Cognitive Symptoms ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Excitatory Neurotransmitter ◽  
Aspartate Receptor ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
Promising Treatment

Several evidences support the hypothesis that glutamatergic dysfunction may be implicated in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia and in the last few years great interest has been focused on the role of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR). Glutamate is the main excitatory neurotransmitter in human CNS and it plays a prominent role in synaptic plasticity, learning, and memory and other cognitive functions. Increasing interest in memantine add-on therapy in schizophrenic patients with negative and cognitive symptoms may suggest that memantine could be a new promising treatment in schizophrenia. The aim of this update was to evaluate clinical data about the memantine effectiveness in schizophrenic patients. Our systematic review of the literature highlights that memantine therapy in schizophrenic patients seems to improve mainly negative symptoms while positive symptoms and cognitive symptoms did not improve significantly.

Efficacy of memantine in schizophrenic patients: A systematic review

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. s824-s824
Author(s):  
C. Montemitro ◽  
M.C. Spano ◽  
M. Lorusso ◽  
G. Baroni ◽  
G. Di Iorio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Positive Symptoms ◽  
Aspartate Receptor ◽  
Sigma 1 ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
Promising Treatment ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Competing Interest ◽  
Image Position

IntroductionSeveral evidences support the hypothesis that glutamatergic dysfunction may be implicated in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia and in the last few year great interest has been focused on the role of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR). Memantine is a noncompetitive NMDARs antagonist, binds the same site of NMDARs of Mg2+, endogenous blocker of NMDARs, with moderate affinity, rapid unblocking kinetics and strong functional voltage-dependency. Memantine does not affect the physiological activation of NMDARs whereas it blocks the sustained activation under pathological conditions. Preclinical studies have demonstrated that memantine at high concentrations targets many receptors, including serotonin, nicotinic acetylcholine, sigma-1 and serotonin and dopamine receptors.ObjectivesIncreasing interest in memantine add-on therapy in schizophrenic patients with negative and cognitive symptoms may suggest that memantine could be a new promising treatment in schizophrenia.AimsThe aim of this update was to evaluate clinical data about the memantine effectiveness in schizophrenic patients.MethodsWe searched on PubMed to identify original studies about the use of memantine in treatment of schizophrenic patients. The search conducted on June 16th, 2016 yielded 135 records. Neuf papers met our inclusion criteria.ResultsNegative symptoms improved in the large majority of patients treated, however there is not a clear evidence on cognitive and positive symptoms (Table 1)ConclusionsMemantine therapy in schizophrenic patients has given unclear results. It seems that memantine improves mainly negative symptoms, while cognitive and positive symptoms did not improve significantly. Further trials with a more numerous sample are required obtain an objective result.Table 1Observation during Memantime administration.↓: reduction in severity of symptoms; -: no relevant modifications; +: onset of new symptomsDisclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

New dopaminergic and non-dopaminergic theories in schizophrenia and their therapeutic impact

1997 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 64-67
Author(s):  
R.S. Kahn
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Deficits ◽  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Dopamine Neurons ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
Positive Symptoms ◽  
The Core ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
Core Symptoms ◽  
Influential Theory

The dopamine (DA) hypothesis of schizophrenia, postulating that schizophrenia is characterized by increased dopamine function, has been the most influential theory on the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. It has recently been revised based on the appreciation that the core symptoms of schizophrenia may not be the positive (psychotic) symptoms, but rather the negative symptoms and the cognitive deficits found in schizophrenic patients. This revision has prompted the hypothesis that schizophrenia is characterized by both decreased prefrontal dopamine activity (causing deficit symptoms) and increased dopamine activity in mesolimbic dopamine neurons (causing positive symptoms).Notwithstanding this revision of a role for dopamine in schizophrenia, it has become increasingly evident that dysfunction of other monoaminergic systems may be as important in contributing to the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Specifically, the putative role of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) in schizophrenia is gaining considerable attention. Several observations, such as the ability of the 5-HT antagonist, ritanserin, to alleviate schizophrenic symptoms and, when added to haloperidol (Haldol®), to decrease its extrapyramidal side-effects (EPS), have stimulated studies into a role of 5-HT in schizophrenia. The finding that clozapine (Leponex®), clinically superior to conventional neuroleptics, is a weak DA2 antagonist but a potent 5-HT1c and 5-HT2 antagonist has further stimulated 5-HT-related research in schizophrenia.

scholarly journals Paliperidone to Treat Psychotic Disorders

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 343-358
Author(s):  
Hormazd D. Minwalla ◽  
Peter Wrzesinski ◽  
Allison Desforges ◽  
Joshua Caskey ◽  
Brittany Wagner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Schizoaffective Disorder ◽  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Drug Information ◽  
The United States ◽  
Mental Illnesses ◽  
Positive Symptoms ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Second Generation Antipsychotics

Purpose of Review: This is a comprehensive review of the literature regarding the use of paliperidone in the treatment of schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder. It covers the background and presentation of schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder, as well as the mechanism of action and drug information for paliperidone. It covers the existing evidence of the use of paliperidone for the treatment of schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder. Recent Findings: Schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder lead to significant cognitive impairment. It is thought that dopamine dysregulation is the culprit for the positive symptoms of schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder. Similar to other second-generation antipsychotics, paliperidone has affinity for dopamine D2 and serotonin 5-HT2A receptors. Paliperidone was granted approval in the United States in 2006 to be used in the treatment of schizophrenia and in 2009 for schizoaffective disorder. Summary: Schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder have a large impact on cognitive impairment, positive symptoms and negative symptoms. Patients with either of these mental illnesses suffer from impairments in everyday life. Paliperidone has been shown to reduce symptoms of schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder.

scholarly journals Recycling N-acetylcysteine: A review of evidence for adjunctive therapy in schizophrenia

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 116-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert J. Willborn ◽  
Colleen P. Hall ◽  
Matthew A. Fuller
Keyword(s):  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Positive Symptoms ◽  
Cognitive Symptoms ◽  
Antipsychotic Therapy ◽  
Assessment Development ◽  
Cognitive Symptom ◽  
Symptom Domains ◽  
Medication Intervention

AbstractIntroductionAll symptoms in schizophrenia may impact functioning. Although Food and Drug Administration-approved medications typically benefit positive symptoms, negative symptoms are generally refractory to medication interventions. N-acetylcysteine's (NAC) influence on glutamatergic neurotransmission has been established. An emerging body of research has attempted to correlate this action with reduction in symptom severity, evaluating response in positive, negative, and cognitive symptom domains.MethodsA literature review was performed to analyze available data on NAC intervention and improvement in the positive, negative, and cognitive symptom domains in patients with schizophrenia. Quality of evidence was systematically assessed to determine level of certainty in results.ResultsThree randomized controlled trials were identified. Across studies, negative symptoms decreased more with NAC compared to placebo; ranging between 11.9% and 24.1%. The assessment determined a low level of certainty regarding benefit of NAC on negative and cognitive symptoms and moderate certainty for NAC regarding findings of side effects and lack of benefit on positive symptoms.DiscussionConsistent reporting of benefit in negative symptoms is found across studies of NAC intervention. These improvements are notable for symptoms that have generally remained refractory to medication intervention. Inconsistent benefit was reported in positive and cognitive symptoms. GRADE (grading of recommendations assessment, development and evaluation) assessment of current evidence indicates a low certainty of benefit for negative symptoms with standard use of NAC in patients with schizophrenia. However, a trial of this low-risk intervention may be warranted in patients with resistant negative symptoms and subsequent impaired functioning despite appropriate antipsychotic therapy as they may experience additional benefit in this symptom domain.

Cognitive Function in Schizophrenia: Association with Negative and Positive Symptoms

1996 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald A. Capleton
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Functioning ◽  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Wisconsin Card Sort Test ◽  
Positive Symptoms ◽  
Word Fluency ◽  
Generation Task ◽  
Card Sort ◽  
Word Generation ◽  
Perseverative Errors ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients

20 schizophrenic patients were classified as having either predominantly negative ( n = 11) or predominantly positive symptoms ( n = 9), utilizing the Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms and the Scale for the Assessment of Positive Symptoms. Cognitive functioning was evaluated in these participants and 10 non-patient controls using a word-fluency test and word-generation task. Finally, all participants were evaluated using the Coglab Card Sort Test, a computerized version of the Wisconsin Card Sort Test. The only reliable difference in performance among groups was on perseverative errors on the Coglab Card Sort Test Schizophrenic participants made significantly more perseverative errors than controls and those classified as having primarily negative symptoms made more perseverative errors than those classified as having predominantly positive symptoms. These findings confirm previous reports with respect to cognitive functioning of schizophrenic patients and are consistent with the hypotheses regarding frontal lobe dysfunction in schizophrenia. These data encourage research with larger samples.

The Role of the Social Worker in the Adult Critical Care Unit: A Systematic Review of the Literature

2011 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine Hartman-Shea ◽  
Anne Hahn ◽  
Joanne Fritz Kraus ◽  
Grace Cordts ◽  
Jonathan Sevransky
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Critical Care ◽  
Social Worker ◽  
Critical Care Unit ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
The Social

Role of metalloproteinases and their inhibitors in the development of abdominal aortic aneurysm: current insights and systematic review of the literature

Chirurgia ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucia Butrico ◽  
Andrea Barbetta ◽  
Salvatore Ciranni ◽  
Michele Andreucci ◽  
Pasquale Mastroroberto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm ◽  
Aortic Aneurysm ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Abdominal Aortic

Negative Symptoms at Discharge and Outcome in Schizophrenia

1995 ◽  
Vol 166 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hai-Gwo Hwu ◽  
Happy Tan ◽  
Chu-Chang Chen ◽  
Ling-Ling Yeh
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Outcome ◽  
Social Functioning ◽  
Symptom Score ◽  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Positive Symptom ◽  
Positive Symptoms ◽  
Symptom Scores ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
Positive And Negative Symptoms

BackgroundThe clinical significance in schizophrenia of positive and negative symptoms at discharge was assessed.MethodOf schizophrenic patients fulfilling DSM–III criteria, 113 were recruited for this study. Personal, social and psychopathological data were collected and all cases were followed up at one and two years after discharge.ResultsThe presence of positive symptoms (64 cases), without concomitant negative symptoms, did not predict the follow-up social function and positive symptom score. Conversely, the presence of negative symptoms (31 cases) predicted worse social functioning (P < 0.05 to P < 0.005) and higher positive symptom scores (P < 0.01) at follow-up using MANOVA. Eighteen cases (15.9%) had neither positive nor negative symptoms and had the best clinical outcome.ConclusionsNegative, but not positive, symptoms assessed at discharge are an important predictor of poor outcome. In addition, negative symptoms may themselves expose a biological vulnerability to the presence of positive symptoms.

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