scholarly journals Cell Transplantation for Spinal Cord Injury: Tumorigenicity of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Neural Stem/Progenitor Cells

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junhao Deng ◽  
Yiling Zhang ◽  
Yong Xie ◽  
Licheng Zhang ◽  
Peifu Tang
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Neural Stem Progenitor Cells ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Induced Pluripotent

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is an intractable and worldwide difficult medical challenge with limited treatments. Neural stem/progenitor cell (NS/PC) transplantation derived from fetal tissues or embryonic stem cells (ESCs) has demonstrated therapeutic effects via replacement of lost neurons and severed axons and creation of permissive microenvironment to promote repair of spinal cord and axon regeneration but causes ethnical concerns and immunological rejections as well. Thus, the implementation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), which can be generated from adult somatic cells and differentiated into NS/PCs, provides an effective alternation in the treatment of SCI. However, as researches further deepen, there is accumulating evidence that the use of iPSC-derived NS/PCs shows mounting concerns of safety, especially the tumorigenicity. This review discusses the tumorigenicity of iPSC-derived NS/PCs focusing on the two different routes of tumorigenicity (teratomas and true tumors) and underlying mechanisms behind them, as well as possible solutions to circumvent them.

Increase of sensitivity to mechanical stimulus after transplantation of murine induced pluripotent stem cell–derived astrocytes in a rat spinal cord injury model

2011 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 582-593 ◽  
Author(s):  
Koichi Hayashi ◽  
Masayuki Hashimoto ◽  
Masao Koda ◽  
Atsuhiko T. Naito ◽  
Atsushi Murata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Pluripotent Stem Cell ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell ◽  
Mechanical Stimulus ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Induced Pluripotent

Object Clinical use of autologous induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) could circumvent immune rejection and bioethical issues associated with embryonic stem cells. Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating trauma with long-lasting disability, and current therapeutic approaches are not satisfactory. In the present study, the authors used the neural stem sphere (NSS) method to differentiate iPSCs into astrocytes, which were evaluated after their transplantation into injured rat spinal cords. Methods Induced pluripotent stem cell–derived astrocytes were differentiated using the NSS method and injected 3 and 7 days after spinal contusion–based SCI. Control rats were injected with DMEM in the same manner. Locomotor recovery was assessed for 8 weeks, and sensory and locomotion tests were evaluated at 8 weeks. Immunohistological parameters were then assessed. Results Transplant recipients lived for 8 weeks without tumor formation. Transplanted cells stretched their processes along the longitudinal axis, but they did not merge with the processes of host GFAP-positive astrocytes. Locomotion was assessed in 3 ways, but none of the tests detected statistically significant improvements compared with DMEM-treated control rats after 8 weeks. Rather, iPSC transplantation caused even greater sensitivity to mechanical stimulus than DMEM treatment. Conclusions Astrocytes can be generated by serum treatment of NSS-generated cells derived from iPSCs. However, transplantation of such cells is poorly suited for repairing SCI.

Stem Cell Transplantation: A Promising Therapy for Spinal Cord Injury

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 321-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhe Gong ◽  
Kaishun Xia ◽  
Ankai Xu ◽  
Chao Yu ◽  
Chenggui Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Stem Cell Transplantation ◽  
Cell Transplantation ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Cord Injury

Spinal Cord Injury (SCI) causes irreversible functional loss of the affected population. The incidence of SCI keeps increasing, resulting in huge burden on the society. The pathogenesis of SCI involves neuron death and exotic reaction, which could impede neuron regeneration. In clinic, the limited regenerative capacity of endogenous cells after SCI is a major problem. Recent studies have demonstrated that a variety of stem cells such as induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSCs), Embryonic Stem Cells (ESCs), Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) and Neural Progenitor Cells (NPCs) /Neural Stem Cells (NSCs) have therapeutic potential for SCI. However, the efficacy and safety of these stem cellbased therapy for SCI remain controversial. In this review, we introduce the pathogenesis of SCI, summarize the current status of the application of these stem cells in SCI repair, and discuss possible mechanisms responsible for functional recovery of SCI after stem cell transplantation. Finally, we highlight several areas for further exploitation of stem cells as a promising regenerative therapy of SCI.

scholarly journals The Potential for Cellular Therapy Combined with Growth Factors in Spinal Cord Injury

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jack Rosner ◽  
Pablo Avalos ◽  
Frank Acosta ◽  
John Liu ◽  
Doniel Drazin
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Growth Factors ◽  
Cellular Therapy ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Neural Regeneration ◽  
Functional Improvement ◽  
Combination Therapies ◽  
Cord Injury

Any traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) may cause symptoms ranging from pain to complete loss of motor and sensory functions below the level of the injury. Currently, there are over 2 million SCI patients worldwide. The cost of their necessary continuing care creates a burden for the patient, their families, and society. Presently, few SCI treatments are available and none have facilitated neural regeneration and/or significant functional improvement. Research is being conducted in the following areas: pathophysiology, cellular therapies (Schwann cells, embryonic stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells, mesenchymal stem cells, olfactory ensheathing cells), growth factors (BDNF), inhibitory molecules (NG2, myelin protein), and combination therapies (cell grafts and neurotrophins, cotransplantation). Results are often limited because of the inhibitory environment created following the injury and the limited regenerative potential of the central nervous system. Therapies that show promise in small animal models may not transfer to nonhuman primates and humans. None of the research has resulted in remarkable improvement, but many areas show promise. Studies have suggested that a combination of therapies may enhance results and may be more effective than a single therapy. This paper reviews and discusses the most promising new SCI research including combination therapies.

Transplantation of embryonic stem cell-derived neural stem cells for spinal cord injury in adult mice

2005 ◽  
Vol 27 (8) ◽  
pp. 812-819 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hajime Kimura ◽  
Masahide Yoshikawa ◽  
Ryousuke Matsuda ◽  
Hayato Toriumi ◽  
Fumihiko Nishimura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Neural Stem Cells ◽  
Embryonic Stem Cell ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Adult Mice ◽  
Cord Injury

scholarly journals Long-Distance Axonal Growth from Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells after Spinal Cord Injury

Neuron ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 83 (4) ◽  
pp. 789-796 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Lu ◽  
Grace Woodruff ◽  
Yaozhi Wang ◽  
Lori Graham ◽  
Matt Hunt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽  
Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽  
Axonal Growth ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Induced Pluripotent

scholarly journals Effects of Magnetically Guided, SPIO-Labeled, and Neurotrophin-3 Gene-Modified Bone Mesenchymal Stem Cells in a Rat Model of Spinal Cord Injury

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rui-Ping Zhang ◽  
Ling-Jie Wang ◽  
Sheng He ◽  
Jun Xie ◽  
Jian-Ding Li
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Rat Model ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Magnetic Targeting ◽  
Bone Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Cord Injury

Despite advances in our understanding of spinal cord injury (SCI) mechanisms, there are still no effective treatment approaches to restore functionality. Although many studies have demonstrated that transplantingNT3gene-transfected bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) is an effective approach to treat SCI, the approach is often low efficient in the delivery of engrafted BMSCs to the site of injury. In this study, we investigated the therapeutic effects of magnetic targeting ofNT3gene-transfected BMSCs via lumbar puncture in a rat model of SCI. With the aid of a magnetic targeting cells delivery system, we can not only deliver the engrafted BMSCs to the site of injury more efficiently, but also perform cells imaging in vivo using MR. In addition, we also found that this composite strategy could significantly improve functional recovery and nerve regeneration compared to transplantingNT3gene-transfected BMSCs without magnetic targeting system. Our results suggest that this composite strategy could be promising for clinical applications.

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