Seroprevalence and Risk Factors for Hepatitis B Virus Infection in Adolescent Blood Donors within Selected Counties of Western Kenya

Hepatitis B virus is a widespread public health menace approximated to have infected 257 million people chronically by 2015. Data on the prevalence of HBV is important in formulating public health policies on HBV control like safe blood transfusion. Adolescents aged 15 to 24 years, known to engage in risky activities associated with HBV spread, constitute major blood donors in Kenya. Notwithstanding current blood donation safety measures, HBV still remain hazardous transfusion-transmissible infections in donated blood. This study therefore was to determine the prevalence of HBsAg and related risk factors among this donor group. A cross-sectional study was conducted from April 2019 to August 2019 in Siaya, Kisumu, and Homa Bay counties. One thousand (1000) voluntary blood donors 18 to 25 years old were recruited. A predonation questionnaire was used to record their sociodemographic features and prior risk exposures. Blood samples were initially tested for HBsAg using Murex HBsAg Version 3 (DiaSorin, UK) and positives confirmed using ARCHITECT HBsAg Qualitative Confirmatory assay (Abbott Ireland) as per the manufacturer’s instructions. A result was considered positive if the first and confirmatory tests were all reactive. Generally, the prevalence of HBV was 3.4%, with no significant association between various sociodemographic variables and HBsAg positivity. Nevertheless, scarification and risky sexual behavior were significantly linked to HBV infections (odds ratio OR=8.533, 95%confidence interval CI=3.128‐23.275, p value of 0.001 and OR=5.471, 95%CI=1.925‐15.547, p value of 0.002, respectively). This study revealed a prevalence of 3.4% HBsAg among adolescent blood donors, with perilous sexual behaviors being the most significant risk factor, evidence that sexual contact still plays a major role in transmission of HBV among this donor group despite blood transfusion safety measures put in place. These study findings should therefore be put into consideration while framing health policies to mitigate effects of HBV infection on safe blood transfusion.

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PREVALENCE OF HEPATITIS B VIRUS IN BLOOD DONORS AT DA NANG HOSPITAL C IN 2014

Journal of Medicine and Pharmacy ◽

10.34071/jmp.2015.4_5.18 ◽

2015 ◽

pp. 129-137

Author(s):

Dinh Binh Tran ◽

Thi No Ho

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Hepatitis B Virus ◽

Hepatitis B ◽

Blood Donor ◽

Blood Donors ◽

Dental Treatment ◽

Donor Group ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

B Virus ◽

Positive Rate

Objectives: Study on prevalence of hepatitis B virus in blood donors at Hospital C Danang to determine the percentage of HBsAg-positive in blood donors and identify some risk factors related to hepatitis B virus infection in blood donors. Material and methods: Samples of blood of donors were HBsAg testing by ELISA, the research conducted by descriptive cross-sectional design. The results and conclusions are as follows: Results: HBsAg positive rate was 10.6% (35/330), which accounted for 14.7% males and 7.5% females. HBsAg positive rate high percentage of first-time blood donor group (15.2%), very low proportion of repeat blood donor group (0.9%). Conclusion: HBsAg positive is according to the risk factors for hepatitis B virus transmission associated with surgery, acupuncture, tattooing, infusion, injection, dental treatment, skin sewing and manicure, not associated with history of blood transfusion and endoscopy. Key words: HBsAg, blood donors, HBV.

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Seroprevalence and Associated Risk Factors of Hepatitis B Virus Infection Among Children in Enugu Metropolis

Virology Research and Treatment ◽

10.1177/1178122x18792859 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

pp. 1178122X1879285 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Maryann Chinenye Ezeilo ◽

Godwill Azeh Engwa ◽

Romanus Ifeanyi Iroha ◽

Damian Chukwu Odimegwu

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Hepatitis B Virus ◽

Blood Transfusion ◽

Hepatitis B ◽

Clinical Manifestations ◽

Hbv Infection ◽

Age Group ◽

History Of Surgery ◽

B Virus ◽

History Of

Background: Though measures are being put in place for the management of Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in Nigeria, children remain the most vulnerable to develop chronic hepatitis. Routine screening in children is therefore necessary for effective control. However, the performance of the commonly used immunochromatographic test (ICT) strips has been challenging. Also, identifying the risk factors of transmission in this age group is of importance for the implementation of preventive measures. Hence, the goal of this study was to assess the test performance of the routinely used ICT strip and identify the associated clinical manifestations and risk factors of HBV. Methods: A cross sectional study involving 270 children below six years of age was conducted at ESUTH and Favor Child Pediatrics Hospital in Enugu, Nigeria. The subjects were screened for HBV by ICT and ELISA assays and a structured questionnaire was used to obtain participants data including demographic, socioeconomic, signs and symptoms, risk factors and vaccination. Results: BBased on ELISA, 31 out of 270 children were positive for HBV with an infection rate of 11.5%. ICT kit showed a low sensitivity of 51.6% in diagnosing HBV but was highly specific (100%) and accurate (94.4%). HBV infection was not associated with sex (χ2: 0.209; p = 0.401). The prevalence of HBV infection was similar in all the age group and HBV infection was not associated (χ2: 2.099; p = 0.914) with age group. All the clinical manifestations were not associated ( p > 0.05) with HBV infection. Blood transfusion, shared items, tattoo marks and history of surgery associated significantly ( p < 0.05) with HBV infections having odd ratios of 4.247, 4.224, 3.134 and 3.195 respectively. The vaccination rate was 55.2% (159/270) and only 3 (1.1%) out of 159 vaccinated subjected contracted the infection (OR: 0.068, p < 0.0001). Conclusions: HBV was prevalent (11.5%) in children below six years old in Enugu metropolis. Moreover, the routinely used ICT test was less reliable than ELISA in diagnosis HBV infection. More so, shared items, blood transfusion, tattooing and history of surgery were potential risk factors while vaccination served as a protective factor against the infection.

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Blood transfusion-transmissible malaria and its cost analysis in Hawassa regional blood bank, Southern Ethiopia

SAGE Open Medicine ◽

10.1177/2050312120936930 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

pp. 205031212093693

Author(s):

Seblewongel Tsehay ◽

Fatuma Hassen ◽

Agete Tadewos Hirigo ◽

Zinegnaw Abiy ◽

Kassu Desta

Keyword(s):

Hepatitis B Virus ◽

Blood Transfusion ◽

Hepatitis B ◽

Diagnostic Test ◽

Blood Donors ◽

Total Cost ◽

Screening Cost ◽

B Virus ◽

Blood Banks ◽

The Cost

Background: Blood transfusion is an intervention used to save life particularly for those patients who survive only with receiving blood. Establishing effective diagnostic test menus concerning the screening of transfusion-transmissible infections in the blood banks play a vital role to safeguard recipients from transfusion-transmissible infections. Objective: The aim of this study was to assess blood transfusion-transmissible malaria and its screening cost analysis in Hawassa regional blood bank, Hawassa, Sothern Ethiopia. Methods: An institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted from April to May 2018 among 414 voluntary blood donors. Each participant’s blood sample was screened for most transfusion-transmissible infections using antigen/antibody tests, while rapid diagnostic test and microscopy were used for malaria screening and confirmation. In addition, the cost screening of transfusion-transmissible infections was calculated using activity-based costing method. Results: The overall seropositivity of transfusion-transmissible infections was 7.0% and the positivity rate of hepatitis B virus, syphilis, and Plasmodium falciparum was 5.6%, 1.0%, and 0.5%, respectively. The cost per test of each transfusion-transmissible infection was US$5.04 for human immunodeficiency virus, US$4.61 for hepatitis B virus, US$5.11 for hepatitis C virus, and US$4.75 for syphilis, while the cost per test of malaria rapid diagnostic test was US$4.74 and this is comparatively lower than the cost per test of other transfusion-transmissible infections except for hepatitis B virus. In addition, total cost of laboratory incurred for transfusion-transmissible infections screening is estimated to be US$213,634.5 per year, while it becomes US$265,537.5 if the malaria screening cost is added. This means 19.54% of the total cost of laboratory incurred per year or US$51,903. Conclusion: The positivity rate of malaria parasites among voluntary blood donors was 0.5%, and it might be increased if the study was conducted in high transmission seasons. A cost of malaria screening is comparatively lower than costs of other transfusion-transmissible infections except for hepatitis B virus. Therefore, the screening of malaria parasites should be considered as one of the test menus of transfusion-transmissible infections in blood banks, especially in malaria-endemic areas.

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