scholarly journals Recent Advances in Molten-Carbonate Membranes for Carbon Dioxide Separation: Focus on Material Selection, Geometry, and Surface Modification

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
Shabana Afzal ◽  
Atif Khan
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Molten Salt ◽  
Material Selection ◽  
Ceramic Membranes ◽  
Co2 Separation ◽  
Molten Carbonate ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Transport ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Separation ◽  
Support Materials ◽  
Separation Membranes

Membranes for carbon dioxide permeation have been recognized as potential candidates for CO2 separation technology, particularly in the energy sector. Supported molten-salt membranes provide ionic routes to facilitate carbon dioxide transport across the membrane, permit the use of membrane at higher temperature, and offer selectivity based on ionic affinity of targeted compound. In this review, molten-carbonate ceramic membranes have been evaluated for CO2 separation. Various research studies regarding mechanisms of permeation, properties of molten salt, significance of material selection, geometry of support materials, and surface modifications have been assessed with reference to membrane stabilities and operational flux rates. In addition, the outcomes of permeation experiments, stability tests, selection of the compatible materials, and the role of interfacial reactions for membrane degradation have also been discussed. At the end, major challenges and possible solutions are highlighted along with future recommendations for fabricating efficient carbon dioxide separation membranes.

scholarly journals Controlling molten carbonate distribution in dual-phase molten salt-ceramic membranes to increase carbon dioxide permeation rates

2021 ◽  
Vol 617 ◽  
pp. 118640
Author(s):  
Maria Kazakli ◽  
Greg A. Mutch ◽  
Georgios Triantafyllou ◽  
Ana Gouveia Gil ◽  
Tao Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Molten Salt ◽  
Ceramic Membranes ◽  
Dual Phase ◽  
Molten Carbonate

Analysis of the Flue Gas Preparation Process for the Purposes of Carbon Dioxide Separation Using the Adsorption Methods

2017 ◽  
Vol 140 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Zarzycki ◽  
Marcin Panowski
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Flue Gas ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Co2 Separation ◽  
Gas Temperature ◽  
Separation Unit ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Separation ◽  
Characteristic Features

The necessity of limitation of carbon dioxide emissions, which also concerns the energy sector, causes that more and more effective and efficient methods of CO2 capture from the flue gas are being tested. Among these technologies are adsorption ones, which have been used for a gas separation for many years. The characteristic features of adsorption separation are: long life of the sorbents used, low energy expenditure, and minim effect on the environment; however, their application requires adequate initial preparation of the flue gas fed into the system of CO2 separation so that the flue gas temperature is as low as possible, and there is no water content in it. The study presents the concept and numerical calculations of the system for preparation of the flue gas feeding the CO2 adsorption (vacuum pressure swing adsorption (VPSA)) separation unit, using the absorption chiller (AC). In the presented concept, the AC is driven by the flue gas which is used as both: upper and lower heat source for AC; however, due to the amount of energy being carried out with the flue gas, which is larger than required by the AC, the additional heat exchangers must be implemented. The calculations presented in the study show that owing to the application of AC, flue gas may be cooled down to temperatures even about 5 °C. Moreover, the simultaneous process of flue gas cooling and drying in such system is realized at low energy expenditure which leads to improvement of the overall energy efficiency of the system of CO2 separation from flue gas and also to reduction of its dimensions.

scholarly journals Selective, high-temperature permeation of nitrogen oxides using a supported molten salt membrane

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 1220-1223 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Zhang ◽  
E. I. Papaioannou ◽  
I. S. Metcalfe
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Nitrogen Oxides ◽  
Nitrogen Oxide ◽  
Molten Salt ◽  
Ceramic Membranes

Nitrate/ceramic membranes were designed for selective nitrogen oxide permeation. These membranes exhibited selective permeation of nitrogen oxides over carbon dioxide and could be employed in e.g. sensing technologies.

scholarly journals Improved CO2 flux by dissolution of oxide ions into the molten carbonate phase of dual-phase CO2 separation membranes

2019 ◽  
Vol 212 ◽  
pp. 723-727 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen Xing ◽  
Zuoan Li ◽  
Thijs Peters ◽  
Marie-Laure Fontaine ◽  
Michael McCann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Co2 Flux ◽  
Co2 Separation ◽  
Dual Phase ◽  
Molten Carbonate ◽  
Carbonate Phase ◽  
Separation Membranes ◽  
Oxide Ions

scholarly journals Renewable energy and the role of molten salts and carbon

2013 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Fray
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Molten Salt ◽  
Lithium Ion Batteries ◽  
Molten Salts ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Molten Carbonate ◽  
Dimensionally Stable Anodes ◽  
Molten Salt Electrolytes

Molten carbonate fuel cells have been under development for a number of years and reliable units are successfully working at 250kW scale and demonstration units have produced up to 2 MW. Although these cells cannot be considered as renewable as the fuel, hydrogen or carbon monoxide is consumed and not regenerated, the excellent reliability of such a cell can act as a stimulus to innovative development of similar cells with different outcomes. Molten salt electrolytes based upon LiCl - Li2O can be used to convert carbon dioxide, either drawn from the output of a conventional thermal power station or from the atmosphere, to carbon monoxide or carbon. Recently, dimensionally stable anodes have been developed for molten salt electrolytes, based upon alkali or alkaline ruthenates which are highly electronically conducting and these may allow the concept of high temperature batteries to be developed in which an alkali or alkaline earth element reacts with air to form oxides when the battery is discharging and the oxide decomposes when the battery is being recharged. Batteries using these concepts may be based upon the Hall-Heroult cell, which is used worldwide for the production of aluminium on an industrial scale, and could be used for load levelling. Lithium ion batteries are, at present, the preferred energy source for cars in 2050 as there are sufficient lithium reserves to satisfy the world?s energy needs for this particular application. Graphite is used in lithium ion batteries as the anode but the capacity is relatively low. Silicon and tin have much higher capacities and the use of these materials, encapsulated in carbon nanotubes and nanoparticles will be described. This paper will review these interesting developments and demonstrate that a combination of carbon and molten salts can offer novel ways of storing energy and converting carbon dioxide into useful products.

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