scholarly journals A Diagnostic Dilemma of Antiglutamic Acid Decarboxylase 65 (Anti-GAD 65) and Mycoplasma Pneumoniae Antibodies in a Girl Presenting with Acute-Onset Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Cecilia G. Freeman ◽  
Antanoid J. Langeveldt ◽  
Robyn R. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Disease Process ◽  
Underlying Disease ◽  
Acute Onset ◽  
Acid Decarboxylase ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Diagnostic Dilemma ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Gad 65 ◽  
Post Infectious

Acute-onset obsessive-compulsive disorder can be challenging, especially when triggered by an underlying disease process. Clinicians often turn to Pediatric Autoimmune Neuropsychiatric Disorders Associated with Streptococcal Infections (PANDAS), but it is important to consider a broad differential in these patients. We present a case of a 9-year-old girl with acute-onset obsessive-compulsive behavior likely triggered by a post-infectious phenomenon that ultimately resolved following treatment with plasmapheresis.

scholarly journals Immunological causes of obsessive-compulsive disorder: is it time for the concept of an “autoimmune OCD” subtype?

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominique Endres ◽  
Thomas A. Pollak ◽  
Karl Bechter ◽  
Dominik Denzel ◽  
Karoline Pitsch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Basal Ganglia ◽  
Autoimmune Diseases ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Autoimmune Encephalitis ◽  
Acute Onset ◽  
Brain Diseases ◽  
Recent Experience ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Red Flag

AbstractObsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a highly disabling mental illness that can be divided into frequent primary and rarer organic secondary forms. Its association with secondary autoimmune triggers was introduced through the discovery of Pediatric Autoimmune Neuropsychiatric Disorder Associated with Streptococcal infection (PANDAS) and Pediatric Acute onset Neuropsychiatric Syndrome (PANS). Autoimmune encephalitis and systemic autoimmune diseases or other autoimmune brain diseases, such as multiple sclerosis, have also been reported to sometimes present with obsessive-compulsive symptoms (OCS). Subgroups of patients with OCD show elevated proinflammatory cytokines and autoantibodies against targets that include the basal ganglia. In this conceptual review paper, the clinical manifestations, pathophysiological considerations, diagnostic investigations, and treatment approaches of immune-related secondary OCD are summarized. The novel concept of “autoimmune OCD” is proposed for a small subgroup of OCD patients, and clinical signs based on the PANDAS/PANS criteria and from recent experience with autoimmune encephalitis and autoimmune psychosis are suggested. Red flag signs for “autoimmune OCD” could include (sub)acute onset, unusual age of onset, atypical presentation of OCS with neuropsychiatric features (e.g., disproportionate cognitive deficits) or accompanying neurological symptoms (e.g., movement disorders), autonomic dysfunction, treatment resistance, associations of symptom onset with infections such as group A streptococcus, comorbid autoimmune diseases or malignancies. Clinical investigations may also reveal alterations such as increased levels of anti-basal ganglia or dopamine receptor antibodies or inflammatory changes in the basal ganglia in neuroimaging. Based on these red flag signs, the criteria for a possible, probable, and definite autoimmune OCD subtype are proposed.

Prevalence of Acute-Onset Subtypes in Pediatric Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 332-341 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fern Jaspers-Fayer ◽  
Sang Hun Jerry Han ◽  
Elaine Chan ◽  
Katherine McKenney ◽  
Annie Simpson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Acute Onset ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder

Onset of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: Premorbid Conditions and Prodromal Phase

CNS Spectrums ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 5 (12) ◽  
pp. 31-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Maina ◽  
Umberto Albert ◽  
Filippo Bogetto ◽  
Luigi Ravizza
Keyword(s):  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Age At Onset ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Acute Onset ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Prodromal Phase ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Clinical Onset ◽  
Axis I

AbstractThis article focuses on the clinical onset of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), specifically addressing the of onset, gradual and acute onset, and whether there are some types of premorbid conditions or a prodromal phase that predispose individuals to the onset of OCD. Clinical and epidemiological studies have come to different conclusions regarding age at onset as well as regarding differences between the sexes. Data gleaned from research to date have demonstrated a relationship between OCD and obsessive-compulsive personality disorder (OCPD), although OCPD does not appear to be the more prevalent personality disorder among patients with OCD. Preliminary research has suggested that Axis I disorders may predispose individuals to OCD onset; however, the significance of this relationship remains to be clarified. Evidence of the association between OCD and subthreshold obsessive-compulsive syndrome suggests that these disorders lie on a continuum of severity, with some cases developing OCD while others do not.

Acute Onset of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder in Males Following Childbirth

2001 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
pp. 429-431 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Abramowitz ◽  
Katherine Moore ◽  
Cheryl Carmin ◽  
Pamela S. Wiegartz ◽  
Christine Purdon
Keyword(s):  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Acute Onset ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder

scholarly journals A Possible Association of Recurrent Streptococcal Infections and Acute Onset of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

2004 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 252-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suck Won Kim ◽  
Jon E. Grant ◽  
Sandra I. Kim ◽  
Todd A. Swanson ◽  
Gail A. Bernstein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Acute Onset ◽  
Streptococcal Infections ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder

Anti-inflammatory Augmentation Therapy in Obsessive-compulsive Disorder: A Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (10) ◽  
pp. 1198-1205
Author(s):  
Hanie Ghasemi ◽  
Homa Nomani ◽  
Amirhossein Sahebkar ◽  
Amir Hooshang Mohammadpour
Keyword(s):  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Acute Onset ◽  
Conclusive Evidence ◽  
Unknown Etiology ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Review Study ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
New Treatments

Background: Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is considered as a serious disabling psychiatric disorder, influencing 2-3% of the total general population, with an unknown etiology. Methods: A comprehensive literature search in electronic databases was performed to investigate treatments targeting inflammation in patients suffering from OCD. Results: Recent studies display that inflammation processes and the dysfunction of the immune system are likely to play a role in the pathophysiology of OCD, indicating that the disturbances in neurotransmitters such as serotonin and dopamine cannot be alone involved in the development of OCD. Therefore, it seems that medications with anti-inflammatory effects have the potential to be evaluated as a new therapeutic strategy for OCD. However, this issue can be studied closely if OCD etiological factors are thoroughly understood. The present review study aims at gathering all obtained results concerning new treatments targeting inflammation in OCD patients. Reviewing the conducted studies shows that the use of agents with anti-inflammatory properties, including some NSAIDs, Minocycline and Atorvastatin, could lead to promising and intriguing results in the treatment of OCD. Curcumin also showed good efficacy in the reduction of OCD-like behavior when it has been used in an animal model. However, there is still no definitive and conclusive evidence for any of the medications proposed. Conclusion: More future studies are needed to investigate anti-inflammatory treatment strategies for OCD and its other subtypes such as Pediatric Acute-Onset Neuropsychiatric Syndrome (PANS), and Pediatric Autoimmune Neuropsychiatric Disorder Associated with Streptococcal infection (PANDAS).

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