The Relationship Between Electrolyte and Acid-Base Balance in the Premature Infant during Early Postnatal Life

Neonatology ◽  
1971 ◽  
Vol 17 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 227-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Sulyok
Keyword(s):  
Premature Infant ◽  
Postnatal Life ◽  
Acid Base Balance ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Base Balance ◽  
Early Postnatal Life ◽  
The Relationship

Effect of potassium depletion on cerebrospinal fluid bicarbonate homeostasis

1976 ◽  
Vol 231 (2) ◽  
pp. 579-587 ◽  
Author(s):  
EE Nattie ◽  
SM Tenney
Keyword(s):  
Potassium Depletion ◽  
Acid Base Balance ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Arterial Pco2 ◽  
Mixed Acid ◽  
Base Balance ◽  
Upward Direction ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
K Depletion

We have examined the effect of K depletion on CSF [HCO3-] homeostasis in awake rats. The relationship of CSF [HCO3-] to arterial [HCO3-] in metabolic acid-base disturbances is displaced is an upward direction and has a significantly increased slope in K-depleted vs. control rats (0.51 +/- 0.02 vs. 0.42 +/- 0.02). Results of partial K-repletion experiments, with peripheral acid-base balance held constant, suggest that the effect is K specific. The K-depleted animals also exhibit a wider (CSF-arterial) PCO2 difference than controls (11.1 vs. 8.4 mmHg). When CSF [HCO3-] is shown as a function of CSF PCO2 the data of K-depleted rats are no longer displaced when compared to controls but still have a significantly greater slope (1.21 +/- 0.23 vs. 0.89 +/- 0.08). This increased slope is interpreted to reflect enhanced HCO3- movement from blood to CSF at high arterial [HCO3-]. Analysis of our data and observations from the literature in conditions of mixed acid-base disturbances suggest that CSF [HCO3-] is determined by a) CSF PCO2 and b) the level of arterial [HCO3-] when the latter is greater than the normal CSF [HCO3-].

Calculation of physiological acid-base parameters in multicompartment systems with application to human blood

2003 ◽  
Vol 95 (6) ◽  
pp. 2333-2344 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Wrenn Wooten
Keyword(s):  
Base Change ◽  
Strong Ion Difference ◽  
Acid Base Balance ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Base Parameters ◽  
Present Formalism ◽  
Base Balance ◽  
Multicompartment Systems ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

A general formalism for calculating parameters describing physiological acid-base balance in single compartments is extended to multicompartment systems and demonstrated for the multicompartment example of human whole blood. Expressions for total titratable base, strong ion difference, change in total titratable base, change in strong ion difference, and change in Van Slyke standard bicarbonate are derived, giving calculated values in agreement with experimental data. The equations for multicompartment systems are found to have the same mathematical interrelationships as those for single compartments, and the relationship of the present formalism to the traditional form of the Van Slyke equation is also demonstrated. The multicompartment model brings the strong ion difference theory to the same quantitative level as the base excess method.

scholarly journals pH-regulation: the role of the hepatorenal system

1987 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 115-117
Author(s):  
M. J. Pitout ◽  
G. T. Willemse
Keyword(s):  
Ph Regulation ◽  
Buffer System ◽  
Urea Synthesis ◽  
Ph Homeostasis ◽  
Acid Base Balance ◽  
Bicarbonate Concentration ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Base Balance ◽  
The Relationship

The regulation of the acid-base balance is generally regarded as a well entrenched area. However, a number of confusing views on pH-homeostasis, especially with reference to the relationship between the kidney and the ammonium buffer system, appear regularly in textbooks. One reason is that the correct stoichiometry of acid-base regulation is not mentioned. Recently the rote of the liver in pH regulation by controlling the bicarbonate concentration through urea synthesis is proposed. In this paper the role of the liver and kidneys as a team is discussed.

The relationship of plasma glutamine to ammonium and of glycine to acid-base balance in propionic acidaemia

2003 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. N. Al-Hassnan ◽  
S. A. Boyadjiev ◽  
V. Praphanphoj ◽  
A. Hamosh ◽  
N. E. Braverman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Propionic Acidaemia ◽  
Acid Base Balance ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Base Balance ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

scholarly journals Clinical and Laboratory Correlates of Acute Respiratory Failure in Patients with COVID-19 Depending on the Values of Transcutaneous Saturation

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 15-22
Author(s):  
O. V. Voennov ◽  
V. I. Zagrekov ◽  
А. А. Ezhevskaya ◽  
Zh. B. Prusakova ◽  
O. N. Gunderchuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Failure ◽  
Oxygen Therapy ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Gas Composition ◽  
Blood Gas ◽  
Acid Base Balance ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Hypoxemic Respiratory Failure ◽  
Base Balance ◽  
The Relationship

With a traditional approach to treatment of hypoxemic respiratory failure, it is believed that SpO2 reduction below 88-90% during oxygen therapy requires emergency care including invasive mechanical ventilation. However, the manifestations of hypoxemic respiratory failure in COVID-19 patients have certain features that have led to the change in the traditional respiratory support procedure. The therapeutic goals of respiratory support in this category of patients require clarification.The objective: in patients with COVID-19, to study the relationship of transcutaneous saturation values with clinical indicators that characterize ARF, the state of acid-base balance and blood gas composition.Subjects and methods. A multicenter prospective observational study included 90 COVID-19 patients treated in ICU whose transcutaneous saturation (SpO2) values were below 93% despite treatment. Depending on the degree of impaired oxygenation, patients underwent oxygen therapy through a mask or nasal cannula, high-flow oxygenation or non-invasive ventilation, while it was not always possible to achieve the target values of oxygenation parameters. The patients were divided into the following groups: Group 1 ‒ SpO2 above 93%, Group 2 ‒ SpO2 within 93–90%, Group 3 ‒ SpO2 within 85–89%, Group 4‒ SpO2 within 80–84%, Group 5 ‒ SpO2 within 75–79%, and Group 6 – below 75%.Results. It was revealed that during ARF management by noninvasive methods, different values of transcutaneous saturation and corresponding changes in the acid-base balance (ABB) and blood gas composition were determined When transcutaneous saturation (SpO2) decreased to 85%, there was a corresponding moderate decrease in PaO2 while no metabolic changes occurred. As a rule, there were no obvious clinical signs of respiratory failure (silent hypoxia). In patients with SpO2 reduction down 80–85%, clinical signs of respiratory failure (dyspnea, tachypnea, agitation) and, as a rule, a moderate increase in PаCO2 with the development of respiratory acidosis and compensatory metabolic alkalosis were noted. When SpO2 decreased down to 75–79%, arterial hypoxemia was usually accompanied by moderate hypercapnia and the development of decompensated mixed acidosis and venous desaturation as well as increased lactate levels. With transcutaneous saturation going below 74%, these changes were even more pronounced and were observed in all patients of this group.Conclusion. The revealed changes are mostly consistent with generally accepted ideas about the relationship between values of transcutaneous saturation and blood gas composition and parameters of blood ABB in the case of ARF. Reduction of transcutaneous saturation down to 85% not accompanied by pronounced clinical signs of respiratory failure (dyspnea, tachypnea, agitation), development of acidosis and venous desaturation, and the elevated lactate level can be regarded as relatively safe.

Higher Dietary Acidity is Associated with Lower Bone Mineral Density in Postmenopausal Iranian Women, Independent of Dietary Calcium Intake

2014 ◽  
Vol 84 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 0206-0217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyedeh-Elaheh Shariati-Bafghi ◽  
Elaheh Nosrat-Mirshekarlou ◽  
Mohsen Karamati ◽  
Bahram Rashidkhani
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Intake ◽  
Dietary Calcium ◽  
Dietary Calcium Intake ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Iranian Women ◽  
Acid Base Balance ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Base Balance ◽  
Dietary Acid

Findings of studies on the link between dietary acid-base balance and bone mass are relatively mixed. We examined the association between dietary acid-base balance and bone mineral density (BMD) in a sample of Iranian women, hypothesizing that a higher dietary acidity would be inversely associated with BMD, even when dietary calcium intake is adequate. In this cross-sectional study, lumbar spine and femoral neck BMDs of 151 postmenopausal women aged 50 - 85 years were measured using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. Dietary intakes were assessed using a validated food frequency questionnaire. Renal net acid excretion (RNAE), an estimate of acid-base balance, was then calculated indirectly from the diet using the formulae of Remer (based on dietary intakes of protein, phosphorus, potassium, and magnesium; RNAERemer) and Frassetto (based on dietary intakes of protein and potassium; RNAEFrassetto), and was energy adjusted by the residual method. After adjusting for potential confounders, multivariable adjusted means of the lumbar spine BMD of women in the highest tertiles of RNAERemer and RNAEFrassetto were significantly lower than those in the lowest tertiles (for RNAERemer: mean difference -0.084 g/cm2; P=0.007 and for RNAEFrassetto: mean difference - 0.088 g/cm2; P=0.004). Similar results were observed in a subgroup analysis of subjects with dietary calcium intake of >800 mg/day. In conclusion, a higher RNAE (i. e. more dietary acidity), which is associated with greater intake of acid-generating foods and lower intake of alkali-generating foods, may be involved in deteriorating the bone health of postmenopausal Iranian women, even in the context of adequate dietary calcium intake.

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