Efficacy of the Biparietal Diameter/Femur Length Ratio to Detect Down Syndrome in Patients with an Abnormal Biochemical Screen

Background: Gestational Age (GA) is one of the most imperative parameters required for proper management in pregnancy. Routinely GA is estimated by sonography utilising Biparietal Diameter (BPD), Femur Length (FL), Abdominal Circumference (AC) and Head Circumference (HC). In any case, these parameters have some limitations. Hence, there is need to find other parameters that may complement the established fetal biometric parameters in predicting GA. The objective of the present study was to assess placental thickness in second and third trimester pregnancies and its relationship with fetal gestational age and its role in detecting LBW and IUGRMethods: A cross sectional prospective study was carried out in three hundred pregnant women between 13 to 40 weeks of gestation, who came for routine antenatal sonography. Placental thickness was measured along with routine parameters. Placental thickness was measured at the level of umbilical cord insertion by two-dimensional ultrasonography.Results: Correlation between the GA by LMP and Placental thickness by ultrasound was done by using Karl Pearson's Correlation(r). The values were expressed as mean + standard deviation. Correlation between placental thickness and gestational age was statistically significant as p value is <0.01. Placental thickness measured in millimetres increases with gestational age in second and third trimester.Conclusions: The correlation between the placental thickness and gestational age was linear and direct. Therefore, Placental thickness is used as a predictor for estimation of gestational age of the fetus in cases where LMP is not known and in detecting developing IUGR and low birth weight.

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Femur Length Versus Biparietal Diameter for Estimating Gestational Age in the Third Trimester

American Journal of Perinatology ◽

10.1055/s-2007-999837 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 3 (02) ◽

pp. 77-79 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Charles Egley ◽

John Seeds ◽

Robert Cefalo

Keyword(s):

Gestational Age ◽

Third Trimester ◽

Femur Length ◽

The Third ◽

Biparietal Diameter

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Automatic Computerized Diagnostic Tool for Down Syndrome Detection in Fetus

Histopathological Image Analysis in Medical Decision Making - Advances in Medical Technologies and Clinical Practice ◽

10.4018/978-1-5225-6316-7.ch010 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 226-243

Author(s):

Michael Dinesh Simon ◽

Kavitha A. R.

Keyword(s):

Down Syndrome ◽

Diagnostic Tool ◽

Chromosome Abnormality ◽

Genetic Disorder ◽

Nasal Bone ◽

Training Phase ◽

Phase Detection ◽

Femur Length ◽

Testing Phase ◽

Two Phases

Down syndrome is a genetic disorder and the chromosome abnormality observed in humans that can cause physical and mental abnormalities. It can never be cured or rectified. Instead it has to be identified in the fetus and prevented from being born. Many ultrasonographic markers like nuchal fold, nasal bone hypoplasia, femur length, and EIF are considered to be the symptoms of Down syndrome in the fetus. This chapter deals with the creation of automatic and computerized diagnostic tool for Down syndrome detection based on EIF. The proposed system consists of two phases: 1) training phase and 2) testing phase. In training phase, the fetal images with EIF and Down syndrome is analyzed and characteristics of EIF are collected. In testing phase, detection of Down syndrome is performed on the fetal image with EIF based on the knowledge cluster obtained using ESOM. The performance of the proposed system is analyzed in terms of sensitivity, accuracy, and specificity.

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Correlation models for monitoring fetal growth

Statistical Methods in Medical Research ◽

10.1177/0962280220905623 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 29 (10) ◽

pp. 2795-2813 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Yuan Feng ◽

Luo Xiao ◽

Cai Li ◽

Stephanie T Chen ◽

Eric O Ohuma

Keyword(s):

Fetal Growth ◽

Abdominal Circumference ◽

Fetal Head ◽

Femur Length ◽

Second Stage ◽

Correlation Models ◽

Biparietal Diameter ◽

Z Scores ◽

Using Data ◽

Shiny Application

Ultrasound growth measurements are monitored to evaluate if a fetus is growing normally compared with a defined standard chart at a specified gestational age. Using data from the Fetal Growth Longitudinal Study of the INTERGROWTH-21st project, we have modelled the longitudinal dependence of fetal head circumference, biparietal diameter, occipito-frontal diameter, abdominal circumference, and femur length using a two-stage approach. The first stage involved finding a suitable transformation of the raw fetal measurements (as the marginal distributions of ultrasound measurements were non-normal) to standardized deviations (Z-scores). In the second stage, a correlation model for a Gaussian process is fitted, yielding a correlation for any pair of observations made between 14 and 40 weeks. The correlation structure of the fetal Z-score can be used to assess whether the growth, for example, between successive measurements is satisfactory. The paper is accompanied by a Shiny application, see https://lxiao5.shinyapps.io/shinycalculator/ .

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