Statistical Organizational Features of the Computerized EEG under Various Behavioral States

Today, a comprehensive study of social aspects, cultural and spiritual, as well as socio-economic, legal, educational and organizational features of family relations is one of the questions of the hour. The relevance of the issue is that, first of all, at the present stage of development of our society, it is socially necessary to conduct a scientific analysis of the Islamic doctrine regarding family relations in the process of increasing the spirituality of the Uzbek people, including religious literacy. Secondly, when analyzing and studying the basic principles of Sharia norms, it is necessary to correctly use this knowledge in the search for solutions to issues, reasons, and the nature of growing family divorces, which is very relevant today. In this regard, this article highlights the essence and characteristics, as well as the socio-economic, spiritual and cultural foundations of the conditions and obstacles to marriage, in Islamic teachings, which were considered in the region as traditions. The article also examines and comparatively analyzes the religious, spiritual, legal, economic and educational factors of the conditions of marriage: free mutual consent to marriage, participation of witnesses in marriage, equality, makhr; circumstances that prevent marriage: a ban on marriage between relatives, issues of marriageable age under Islamic law with the norms of family law.

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Identifying resting locations of a small elusive forest carnivore using a two-stage model accounting for GPS measurement error and hidden behavioral states

Movement Ecology ◽

10.1186/s40462-021-00256-8 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Dalton J. Hance ◽

Katie M. Moriarty ◽

Bruce A. Hollen ◽

Russell W. Perry

Keyword(s):

Time Series ◽

Measurement Error ◽

Gaussian State ◽

Parameter Estimates ◽

Accelerometer Data ◽

Two Stage ◽

Location Data ◽

Gps Measurement ◽

Activity Measurements ◽

Behavioral States

Abstract Background Studies of animal movement using location data are often faced with two challenges. First, time series of animal locations are likely to arise from multiple behavioral states (e.g., directed movement, resting) that cannot be observed directly. Second, location data can be affected by measurement error, including failed location fixes. Simultaneously addressing both problems in a single statistical model is analytically and computationally challenging. To both separate behavioral states and account for measurement error, we used a two-stage modeling approach to identify resting locations of fishers (Pekania pennanti) based on GPS and accelerometer data. Methods We developed a two-stage modelling approach to estimate when and where GPS-collared fishers were resting for 21 separate collar deployments on 9 individuals in southern Oregon. For each deployment, we first fit independent hidden Markov models (HMMs) to the time series of accelerometer-derived activity measurements and apparent step lengths to identify periods of movement and resting. Treating the state assignments as given, we next fit a set of linear Gaussian state space models (SSMs) to estimate the location of each resting event. Results Parameter estimates were similar across collar deployments. The HMMs successfully identified periods of resting and movement with posterior state assignment probabilities greater than 0.95 for 97% of all observations. On average, fishers were in the resting state 63% of the time. Rest events averaged 5 h (4.3 SD) and occurred most often at night. The SSMs allowed us to estimate the 95% credible ellipses with a median area of 0.12 ha for 3772 unique rest events. We identified 1176 geographically distinct rest locations; 13% of locations were used on > 1 occasion and 5% were used by > 1 fisher. Females and males traveled an average of 6.7 (3.5 SD) and 7.7 (6.8 SD) km/day, respectively. Conclusions We demonstrated that if auxiliary data are available (e.g., accelerometer data), a two-stage approach can successfully resolve both problems of latent behavioral states and GPS measurement error. Our relatively simple two-stage method is repeatable, computationally efficient, and yields directly interpretable estimates of resting site locations that can be used to guide conservation decisions.

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Bi-directional encoding of context-based odors and behavioral states by the nucleus of the lateral olfactory tract

iScience ◽

10.1016/j.isci.2021.102381 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 102381

Author(s):

Yuta Tanisumi ◽

Kazuki Shiotani ◽

Junya Hirokawa ◽

Yoshio Sakurai ◽

Hiroyuki Manabe

Keyword(s):

Lateral Olfactory Tract ◽

Olfactory Tract ◽

Behavioral States

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Effect of a Neuropeptide Gene on Behavioral States in Caenorhabditis elegans Egg-Laying

Genetics ◽

10.1093/genetics/154.3.1181 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 154 (3) ◽

pp. 1181-1192 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Laura E Waggoner ◽

Laura Anne Hardaker ◽

Steven Golik ◽

William R Schafer

Keyword(s):

Caenorhabditis Elegans ◽

Active Phase ◽

Egg Laying ◽

Sensory Cues ◽

Nematode Caenorhabditis Elegans ◽

Inactive State ◽

Recessive Mutations ◽

Inactive Phase ◽

Behavioral States ◽

Stimulation Of

Abstract Egg-laying behavior in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans involves fluctuation between alternative behavioral states: an inactive state, during which eggs are retained in the uterus, and an active state, during which eggs are laid in bursts. We have found that the flp-1 gene, which encodes a group of structurally related neuropeptides, functions specifically to promote the switch from the inactive to the active egg-laying state. Recessive mutations in flp-1 caused a significant increase in the duration of the inactive phase, yet egg-laying within the active phase was normal. This pattern resembled that previously observed in mutants defective in the biosynthesis of serotonin, a neuromodulator implicated in induction of the active phase. Although flp-1 mutants were sensitive to stimulation of egg-laying by serotonin, the magnitude of their serotonin response was abnormally low. Thus, the flp-1-encoded peptides and serotonin function most likely function in concert to facilitate the onset of the active egg-laying phase. Interestingly, we observed that flp-1 is necessary for animals to down-regulate their rate of egg-laying in the absence of food. Because flp-1 is known to be expressed in interneurons that are postsynaptic to a variety of chemosensory cells, the FLP-1 peptides may function to regulate the activity of the egg-laying circuitry in response to sensory cues.

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Correction to: Identifying resting locations of a small elusive forest carnivore using a two-stage model accounting for GPS measurement error and hidden behavioral states

Movement Ecology ◽

10.1186/s40462-021-00262-w ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Dalton J. Hance ◽

Katie M. Moriarty ◽

Bruce A. Hollen ◽

Russell W. Perry

Keyword(s):

Measurement Error ◽

Stage Model ◽

Two Stage ◽

Gps Measurement ◽

Behavioral States

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article.

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Promiscuous molecules for smarter file operations in DNA-based data storage

Nature Communications ◽

10.1038/s41467-021-23669-w ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Kyle J. Tomek ◽

Kevin Volkel ◽

Elaine W. Indermaur ◽

James M. Tuck ◽

Albert J. Keung

Keyword(s):

Data Storage ◽

Data Access ◽

Molecular Architecture ◽

Biomolecular Structure ◽

Jpeg Images ◽

Storage Media ◽

Dna Storage ◽

Dna Strands ◽

Background Database ◽

Organizational Features

AbstractDNA holds significant promise as a data storage medium due to its density, longevity, and resource and energy conservation. These advantages arise from the inherent biomolecular structure of DNA which differentiates it from conventional storage media. The unique molecular architecture of DNA storage also prompts important discussions on how data should be organized, accessed, and manipulated and what practical functionalities may be possible. Here we leverage thermodynamic tuning of biomolecular interactions to implement useful data access and organizational features. Specific sets of environmental conditions including distinct DNA concentrations and temperatures were screened for their ability to switchably access either all DNA strands encoding full image files from a GB-sized background database or subsets of those strands encoding low resolution, File Preview, versions. We demonstrate File Preview with four JPEG images and provide an argument for the substantial and practical economic benefit of this generalizable strategy to organize data.

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