Pharmacological Background of the Therapeutic Activities and Side Effects of Calcium Antagonists

2015 ◽  
pp. 11-20
Author(s):  
P. A. van Zwieten
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Calcium Antagonists ◽  
Therapeutic Activities

SIDE EFFECTS MAY LIMIT THE VALUE OF CALCIUM ANTAGONISTS IN HYPERTENSION

InPharma ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 399 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-13
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Calcium Antagonists

Development of ruthenium-based complexes as anticancer agents: toward a rational design of alternative receptor targets

2016 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adebayo A. Adeniyi ◽  
Peter A. Ajibade
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Anticancer Agents ◽  
Rational Design ◽  
Coordination Complexes ◽  
Future Prospects ◽  
Phase Ii Clinical Trials ◽  
Ru Complexes ◽  
Receptor Targets ◽  
Therapeutic Activities

AbstractIn the search for novel anticancer agents, the development of metal-based complexes that could serve as alternatives to cisplatin and its derivatives has received considerable attention in recent years. This becomes necessary because, at present, cisplatin and its derivatives are the only coordination complexes being used as anticancer agents in spite of inherent serious side effects and their limitation against metastasized platinum-resistant cancer cells. Although many metal ions have been considered as possible alternatives to cisplatin, the most promising are ruthenium (Ru) complexes and two Ru compounds, KP1019 and NAMI-A, which are currently in phase II clinical trials. The major obstacle against the rational design of these compounds is the fact that their mode of action in relation to their therapeutic activities and selectivity is not fully understood. There is an urgent need to develop novel metal-based anticancer agents, especially Ru-based compounds, with known mechanism of actions, probable targets, and pharmacodynamic activity. In this paper, we review the current efforts in developing metal-based anticancer agents based on promising Ru complexes and the development of compounds targeting receptors and then examine the future prospects.

Calcium Antagonists: Drug Interactions and Side Effects

1986 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 19-28
Author(s):  
Thomas J. J. Blanck
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Drug Interactions ◽  
Calcium Antagonists

Side Effects of Calcium Antagonists

1986 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heinrich Ohnmeiss ◽  
Marco Nazzari
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Calcium Antagonists

scholarly journals Modern strategy in the treatment of arterial hypertension: combination therapy and fixed combinations

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 485-490
Author(s):  
Marina V. Leonova ◽  
◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Arterial Hypertension ◽  
Calcium Antagonists ◽  
Antihypertensive Drugs ◽  
Patient Adherence ◽  
Initial Therapy ◽  
World Health ◽  
Duration Of Action ◽  
Public Health Burden ◽  
Treatment Of Hypertension

The introduction of fixed combinations for the treatment of arterial hypertension (AH) is an effective strategy to address the public health burden of cardiovascular disease. This strategy is reflected in modern international guidelines for the treatment of AH and is supported by World Health Organization. The use of fixed combinations allows solving key practical problems to achieve better results and improve the prognosis of AH: ensuring the greatest decrease in blood pressure (BP) and a lower target BP level, shortening the time period for obtaining target BP, increasing adherence to treatment. Fixed combinations include classes of antihypertensive drugs, which, when combined, have an additive or synergistic effect in lowering BP, help to reduce/mitigate side effects, reduce the number of pills and increase patient adherence, solving the problem of polypharmacy. Single dosing per day of fixed combinations is another important benefit, providing adherence, longer duration of action, and reduced diurnal fluctuations in BP. The clinical benefits of fixed combinations have been confirmed in a number of large studies and meta-analyzes. The modern tactics of using fixed combinations provides for their use at different stages/degrees of BP increase. In this regard, fixed combinations with subtherapeutic, therapeutic and maximum therapeutic doses of components have been developed. For the use of fixed combinations as an initial therapy for AH, drugs with subtherapeutic doses of components that are not used in monotherapy are proposed. In such cases, thanks to the complementary selection of combined drugs, it is possible to achieve a more significant and timely BP reduction, with fewer side effects. Modern fixed combinations are based on three main classes of antihypertensive drugs – RAAS blockers (ACE inhibitors and ARBs), calcium antagonists and diuretics. There are 2 principal approaches to combinations: a combination of RAAS blockers with diuretics (diurethic-use) or a combination of RAAS blockers with calcium antagonists (diuretic-free). This preference is due to evidence-based medicine data, including questions of efficacy, tolerability, side effects, and confirmation in clinical trials. In the clinical guidelines for the treatment of hypertension, these combinations are considered preferred (evidence level A). Over time, more and more fixed combinations become generic and reliable generic combination drugs for the treatment of hypertension appear, which reduces the cost factor and makes the therapy economically acceptable.

Gastric Ulcers Produced by Cisplatin

1981 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. 582-583
Author(s):  
S.K. Aggarwal ◽  
J. San Antonio
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Single Dose ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Antitumor Agent ◽  
Gastric Ulcers ◽  
Enzyme Cytochemistry ◽  
Intestinal Toxicity ◽  
Ovarian Cancers ◽  
Inner Surface

Cisplatin (cis-dichlorodiammineplatinum(II)) a potent antitumor agent is now available for the treatment of testicular and ovarian cancers. It is however, not free from its serious side effects including nephrotoxicity, gastro intestinal toxicity, myelosuppression, and ototoxicity. Here we now report that the drug produces peculiar bloating of the stomach in rats and induces acute ulceration.Wistar-derived rats weighing 200-250 g were administered cisplatin(9 mg/kg) ip as a single dose in 0.15 M NaCl. After 3 days the animals were sacrificed by decapitation. The stomachs were removed, the contents analyzed for pepsin and acidity. The inner surface was examined with a dissecting microscope after a moderate stretching for ulcers. Affected areas were fixed and processed for routine electron microscopy and enzyme cytochemistry.The drug treated animals kept on food and water consistently showed bloating and lesions (Fig. 1) with a frequency of 6-70 ulcers in the rumen section of the stomachs.

Effects of cisplatin treatment on the rat neurohypophysis

1986 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 122-123
Author(s):  
J.M. Fadool ◽  
P.J. Boyer ◽  
S.K. Aggarwal
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Urine Output ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Antineoplastic Drugs

Cisplatin (CDDP) is currently one of the most valuable antineoplastic drugs available. However, it has severe toxic side effects of which nephrotoxicity is the major dose limiting factor in its use. It induces morphological changes in the kidney with hampered urine output. The present study is an effort to determine the influence of the drug on the neurohypophysis for any antidiuretic effects on the kidney.

Severe Drooling and Treatment With Botulinum Toxin

2012 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-21
Author(s):  
Merete Bakke ◽  
Allan Bardow ◽  
Eigild Møller
Keyword(s):  
Botulinum Toxin ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Clinical Evidence ◽  
Acetylcholine Release ◽  
Psychosocial Problems ◽  
Rate Reduction ◽  
Local Inhibition ◽  
Surgical Treatments

Severe drooling is associated with discomfort and psychosocial problems and may constitute a health risk. A variety of different surgical and non-surgical treatments have been used to diminish drooling, some of them with little or uncertain effect and others more effective but irreversible or with side effects. Based on clinical evidence, injection with botulinum toxin (BTX) into the parotid and submandibular glands is a useful treatment option, because it is local, reversible, and with few side effects, although it has to be repeated. The mechanism of BTX is a local inhibition of acetylcholine release, which diminishes receptor-coupled secretion and results in a flow rate reduction of 25–50% for 2–7 months.

Baclofen versus clonidine in the treatment of opiates withdrawal, side-effects aspect: a double-blind randomized controlled trial

2001 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. A. Ahmadi-Abhari ◽  
S. Akhondzadeh ◽  
S. M. Assadi ◽  
O. L. Shabestari ◽  
Z. M. Farzanehgan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Randomized Controlled Trial ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Randomized Controlled
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