Effects of cisplatin treatment on the rat neurohypophysis

1986 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 122-123
Author(s):  
J.M. Fadool ◽  
P.J. Boyer ◽  
S.K. Aggarwal
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Urine Output ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Antineoplastic Drugs

Cisplatin (CDDP) is currently one of the most valuable antineoplastic drugs available. However, it has severe toxic side effects of which nephrotoxicity is the major dose limiting factor in its use. It induces morphological changes in the kidney with hampered urine output. The present study is an effort to determine the influence of the drug on the neurohypophysis for any antidiuretic effects on the kidney.

scholarly journals In VitroAntileishmanial Activity of Essential Oil ofVanillosmopsis arborea(Asteraceae) Baker

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aracélio Viana Colares ◽  
Fernando Almeida-Souza ◽  
Noemi Nosomi Taniwaki ◽  
Celeste da Silva Freitas Souza ◽  
José Galberto Martins da Costa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Therapeutic Agents ◽  
Current Treatment ◽  
Intracellular Amastigotes ◽  
Chemical Agents ◽  
Lipid Inclusions ◽  
Discontinuation Of Treatment

The search for new immunopharmacological chemical agents to treat various diseases caused by bacteria, fungi, and protozoa, such as leishmaniasis, for example, has led to the exploration of potential products from plant species and their main active ingredients. Antimonial drugs are the current treatment for leishmaniasis. These drugs cause major side effects and frequent discontinuation of treatment. In this study, we evaluated thein vitroleishmanicidal activity of essential oil ofVanillosmopsis arborea(VAEO) and its major compoundα-bisabolol againstLeishmania amazonensis. The essential oil andα-bisabolol showed activity against promastigotes (IC507.35 and 4.95 μg/mL resp.) and intracellular amastigotes (IC5012.58 and 10.70 μg/mL, resp.). Neither product showed any cytotoxicity on treated macrophages. The ultrastructural analysis of promastigotes incubated with VAEO orα-bisabolol at 30 μg/mL, showed morphological changes with the accumulation of vesicles electrodense lipid inclusions. The results give evidence that both VAEO andα-bisabolol have potential as new therapeutic agents against leishmaniasis.

scholarly journals Preparation of Immunotherapy Liposomal-Loaded Thermal-Responsive Hydrogel Carrier in the Local Treatment of Breast Cancer

Polymers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1592 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hsieh-Chih Tsai ◽  
Hsiao-Ying Chou ◽  
Shun-Hao Chuang ◽  
Juin-Yih Lai ◽  
Yi-Shu Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Death Rate ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Local Treatment ◽  
Acidic Environment ◽  
Breast Cancer Therapy ◽  
Tumor Tissues ◽  
Liposome System ◽  
Extracellular Environment

To reduce the side effects of immune drugs and the sustainable release of immune drugs on local parts, we have designed an injectable thermal-sensitive hydrogel containing an imiquimod-loaded liposome system. In the extracellular environment of tumor tissues (pH 6.4), 50% of the drug was released from the carrier, which could be a result of the morphological changes of the liposomal microstructure in the acidic environment. According to the results in animals, the drug-containing liposomes combined with hydrogel can be effectively applied in breast cancer therapy to delay the growth of tumors as well as to dramatically reduce the death rate of mice.

scholarly journals Influence of fullerenol C60(OH)24 on enzime status in serum of rats after single dose administration of doxorubicine

2008 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 191-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Biljana Govedarica ◽  
Vukosava Djordjevic-Milic ◽  
Natasa Radic ◽  
Branislava Srdjenovic ◽  
Aleksandar Djordjevic
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Single Dose ◽  
Free Radicals ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Topoisomerase Ii ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Dose Administration ◽  
Activity Of Enzymes

The antracycline antibiotics have one of the widest areas of use in oncology. The most investigated mechanisms of their antineoplastic activity include: interactions of these antibiotics with DNA, inhibition of topoisomerase II and production of free radicals. However, the side effects of doxorubicin, especially cardiotoxicity, are the limiting factor of its use in cancer therapy. The aim of this research was to investigate the influence of fullerenol ?60(?H)24 as a cytoprotector in single doze administration of doxorubicin on the activity of enzymes in serum (CK, AST, ALT, LDH and a-HBDH) in rats in in vivo system. Activity of enzymes (CK, LDH, HBDH, AST, and ALT) in serume was measured with standard commercial methods. The results of analysis of the samples treated with the combination of fullerenol and doxorubicin show no difference in enzyme activity in comparison with the control group. The results indicate the possibility of using fullerenol as a protector in the therapy with doxorubicin in malign neoplasm.

scholarly journals A comprehensive preclinical assessment of late-term imaging markers of radiation-induced brain injury

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tien T Tang ◽  
Janice A Zawaski ◽  
Shelli R Kesler ◽  
Christine A Beamish ◽  
Wilburn E Reddick ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Tumor ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Gray Matter Volume ◽  
Image Features ◽  
Functional Markers ◽  
Tumor Treatment ◽  
Radiation Induced ◽  
Imaging Markers

Abstract Background Cranial radiotherapy (CRT) is an important part of brain tumor treatment, and although highly effective, survivors suffer from long-term cognitive side effects. In this study we aim to establish late-term imaging markers of CRT-induced brain injury and identify functional markers indicative of cognitive performance. Specifically, we aim to identify changes in executive function, brain metabolism, and neuronal organization. Methods Male Sprague Dawley rats were fractionally irradiated at 28 days of age to a total dose of 30 Gy to establish a radiation-induced brain injury model. Animals were trained at 3 months after CRT using the 5-choice serial reaction time task. At 12 months after CRT, animals were evaluated for cognitive and imaging changes, which included positron emission tomography (PET) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Results Cognitive deficit with signs of neuroinflammation were found at 12 months after CRT in irradiated animals. CRT resulted in significant volumetric changes in 38% of brain regions as well as overall decrease in brain volume and reduced gray matter volume. PET imaging showed higher brain glucose uptake in CRT animals. Using MRI, irradiated brains had an overall decrease in fractional anisotropy, lower global efficiency, increased transitivity, and altered regional connectivity. Cognitive measurements were found to be significantly correlated with six image features that included myelin integrity and local organization of the neural network. Conclusions These results demonstrate that CRT leads to late-term morphological changes, reorganization of neural connections, and metabolic dysfunction. The correlation between imaging markers and cognitive deficits can be used to assess late-term side effects of brain tumor treatment and evaluate efficacy of new interventions.

scholarly journals Antigiardial Effect of Kramecyne in Experimental Giardiasis

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Leticia Eligio-García ◽  
Elida Pontifez-Pablo ◽  
Salúd Pérez-Gutiérrez ◽  
Enedina Jiménez-Cardoso
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Antigiardial Activity ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Polymerase Chain

A variety of drugs are used in giardiasis treatment with different levels of efficiency, presence of side effects, and even formation of resistant strains, so that it is important to search new only-one-dose treatments with high efficiency and less side effects. Kramecyne, an anti-inflammatory compound isolated from methanolic extract ofKrameria cytisoides, does not present toxicity, even at doses of 5,000 mg/kg. The objective was to determine the antigiardial effect of kramecyne overGiardia intestinalis in vitroandin vivoand analyze the expression of genes ERK1, ERK2, and AK on kramecyne treated trophozoites by Real Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (RTPCR). The median lethal dose (LD50) was 40 μg/mL and no morphological changes were observed by staining with blue trypan and light microscopy; experimental gerbil infection was eliminated with 320 μg/Kg of weight. After treatment there were no differences between intestines from treated and untreated gerbils. Kramecyne did not have significant effect over ERK1 and AK, but there are differences in ERK2 expression (p=0.04). Results show antigiardial activity of kramecyne; however the mode of action is still unclear and the evaluation of ultrastructural damage and expressed proteins is an alternative of study to understand the action mechanism.

Genotoxicity of cis-Pt(II) complex of 3-aminoflavone in comparison with cis-DDP in A549 cells evaluated by comet assay

2004 ◽  
Vol 82 (5) ◽  
pp. 353-358 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beata Kosmider ◽  
Elzbieta Zyner ◽  
Regina Osiecka ◽  
Justyn Ochocki
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Comet Assay ◽  
A549 Cell ◽  
A549 Cells ◽  
Dna Degradation ◽  
Antineoplastic Drugs ◽  
Tail Moment ◽  
A549 Cell Line ◽  
Dna Breaks ◽  
Cross Links

Cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II) (cis-DDP) is one of the most successful antineoplastic drugs. However, besides effectiveness it gives many side effects. Therefore, current studies are concentrated on searching for new analogs equally effective in chemotherapy but less toxic. Comparison of genotoxic properties of cis-Pt(II) complex of 3-aminoflavone and cis-DDP in a comet assay with and without H2O2 application was performed in A549 cell line. The higher tail moment values were noticed for the former compound contrary to the latter one in both variants. It suggests mainly DNA breaks (besides cross-links) appearance after cis-Pt(II) complex of 3-aminoflavone application and might indicate DNA degradation in comparison with cis-DDP.Key words: cis-Pt(II) complex of 3-aminoflavone, cis-DDP, comet assay, A549 cells.

scholarly journals Morphological Changes in H1299 Human Lung Cancer Cells Following Millimeter-Wave Irradiation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Konstantin Komoshvili ◽  
Tzippi Beker ◽  
Jacob Levitan ◽  
Asher Yahalom ◽  
Ayan Barbora ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Human Lung ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Lung Cancer Cells ◽  
Human Lung Cancer ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Human Lung Cancer Cells

Efficiently targeted cancer therapy without causing detrimental side effects is necessary for alleviating patient care and improving survival rates. This paper presents observations of morphological changes in H1299 human lung cancer cells following MMW irradiation (75 – 105 GHz) at a non-thermal power density of 0.2 mW/cm2, investigated over 14 days of subsequent physiological incubation following exposure. Microscopic analyses of physical parameters measured indicate MMW irradiation induces significant morphological changes characteristic of apoptosis and senescence. The Immediate short-term stress responses translate into long-term effects, retained over the duration of the experiment(s); reminiscent of the phenomenon of Accelerated Cellular Senescence (ACS) achieving terminal tumorigenic cell growth. Further, results were observed to be treatment-specific in energy (dose) dependent manner and were achieved without the use of chemotherapeutic agents, ionizing radiation or thermal ablation employed in conventional methods; thereby overcome associated side effects. Adaptation of the experimental parameters of this study in clinical oncology concomitant with current developmental trends of non-invasive medical endoscopy alleviates MMW therapy as an effective treatment procedure for human non-small cell lung cancer (NSLC)

scholarly journals Infection of wild-type Autographa californica multicapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus induces in vivo apoptosis of Spodoptera litura larvae

2002 ◽  
Vol 83 (12) ◽  
pp. 3003-3011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ping Zhang ◽  
Kai Yang ◽  
Xiaojiang Dai ◽  
Yi Pang ◽  
Deming Su
Keyword(s):  
Spodoptera Litura ◽  
Fat Body ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
Light And Electron Microscopy ◽  
Autographa Californica ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Budded Virus

Direct evidence of in vivo apoptosis of Spodoptera litura larvae was demonstrated by haemocoel inoculation with wild-type Autographa californica multicapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus (AcMNPV) budded virus (BV). In sharp contrast to natural infection, cadavers did not melt, liquefy and melanize. Typical morphological changes of apoptosis in insect haemocytes post-infection, including blebbing of the cell surface, chromatin margination and condensation, vacuolization of the cytoplasm and formation of apoptotic bodies, were observed by light and electron microscopy. Total DNAs extracted from virus-infected haemocytes showed DNA ladders. Cleavage of chromatin DNA by endogenous endonucleases were detected in the cells of most tissues cells, including epithelial cells and fat body cells, using terminal dUTP nick end labelling assays. Virogenic stroma and viral nucleocapsids could be seen in the nuclei of a few haemocytes. Yields of BV and OV (occluded virus) produced from the infected S. litura larvae were much lower than from the infected S. exigua larvae. These data suggest that host apoptotic responses to virus infection reduce AcMNPV spread at the level of the organism and that apoptosis could be a host-range limiting factor for baculovirus infections.

scholarly journals Alpha Methyldopahydrazine as an Adjunct to Levodopa Therapy in Parkinson’s Disease

1975 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 169-172
Author(s):  
D.W. Paty ◽  
N. Jaatoul ◽  
A. Kertesz ◽  
W. McInnis
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Combination Therapy ◽  
Levodopa Therapy ◽  
Nausea And Vomiting ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Observer Study ◽  
Double Observer

SUMMARY:A double-blind, double-observer study was carried out in twenty-five patients with Parkinson’s disease. Alpha methyldopahydrazine in combination with L-dopa was compared to placebo with L-dopa. Combination therapy resulted in a reduction in L-dopa dosage to 1/3 of the amount required during the baseline. There were no side effects attributed directly to the alpha methyldopahydrazine. The overall incidence of side effects in the two groups was similar but the combination therapy significantly reduced the incidence of nausea and vomiting. The limiting factor in the combination therapy was the presence of L-dopa induced dyskinesias.

scholarly journals Antineoplastic Drugs: Occupational Exposure and Side Effects

2016 ◽  
Vol 70 (5) ◽  
pp. 325-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristīne Ivanova ◽  
Marija Avota
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Side Effect ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Nursing Assistants ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Antineoplastic Drugs ◽  
Significant Positive Association ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Chemotherapy Drugs ◽  
Acute Side Effect

Abstract Due to their adverse effects, antineoplastic drugs (cancer chemotherapy drugs) are considered as a potential health risk for nurses and nursing assistants. The aim of this study was to review and summarise information about acute side effects of antineoplastic drugs in two major cancer centres in Latvia. In total 51 nurses and nursing assistants participated in the study, all working in chemotherapy ward at least for 12 months. The research was conducted in Pauls Stradiņš Clinical University Hospital and Rīga East University Hospital, Oncology Centre of Latvia. 56.86% of respondents reported at least one side effect since working in the department of chemotherapy (DC). Headache was the most common acute side effect (37.25%), followed by irritation of eyes (25.49%) and irritation of skin (19. 60%). Headache (p = 0.021), dizziness (p = 0.018), irritation of mouth and throat (p = 0.043), and irritation of eyes (p = 0.004) had statistically significant positive association with years of working in DC, suggesting that those working for longer time in DC are more likely to have headache, dizziness, irritation of mouth, throat and eyes.

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