scholarly journals Cerebral Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Multifocal Visual Evoked Potentials in a Patient with Unexplained Impairment of Visual Function: A Case Report

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 269-278
Author(s):  
Olav H. Haugen ◽  
Sten Andréasson ◽  
Lars Ersland ◽  
Alexander R. Craven ◽  
Kenneth Hugdahl
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Evoked Potentials ◽  
Visual Evoked Potentials ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Functional Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Multifocal Visual Evoked Potentials ◽  
Visual Evoked

We present a case of a young female with a slowly progressing visual impairment who was examined with multifocal visual evoked potentials and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) for underlying neuronal abnormality. The fMRI examination consisted of presenting black-and-white checkerboard stimuli, and her activation patterns were compared to the patterns from 4 normal-sighted subjects. The results showed clear differences in neuronal activation between the patient and the controls in the occipital and parietal lobes. Although we have shown neuronal correlates in a case of unexplained visual loss, it is still an open question as to whether this has an organic or functional cause, which should be the subject for future research.

scholarly journals Consumer Neuroscience and its Application in Marketing

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 1607-1611
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Skin Conductance ◽  
Market Research ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Functional Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Consumer Neuroscience ◽  
Basic Ideas

There is a very important difference between “Consumer neuroscience” and “Neuromarketing”. While the first field deals in research on subjects like neuroscience, psychology and marketing; the latter is linked to the functionality of neurophysiological tools, namely eye tracking, skin conductance, electroencephalography (EEG), and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Neuromarketing is interested in carrying out market research which is specific to a particular company. This article covers topics like recent methods in neuroscience used by consumer researchers, basic ideas in consumer neuroscience derived on the basis of initial findings. The article also suggests ideas for future research in the field of consumer neuroscience.

scholarly journals Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Somatosensory Evoked Potentials in Rats with a Neonatally Induced Freeze Lesion of the Somatosensory Cortex

2004 ◽  
Vol 24 (12) ◽  
pp. 1409-1418 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wolfram Schwindt ◽  
Michael Burke ◽  
Frank Pillekamp ◽  
Heiko J. Luhmann ◽  
Mathias Hoehn
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Evoked Potentials ◽  
Somatosensory Cortex ◽  
Somatosensory Evoked Potentials ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Images ◽  
Projection Area ◽  
Functional Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Resonance Imaging

Brain plasticity is an important mechanism for functional recovery from a cerebral lesion. The authors aimed to visualize plasticity in adult rats with a neonatal freeze lesion in the somatosensory cortex using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), and hypothesized activation outside the primary projection area. A freeze lesion was induced in the right somatosensory cortex of newborn Wistar rats (n = 12). Sham-operated animals (n = 7) served as controls. After 6 or 7 months, a neurologic examination was followed by recording of somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEPs) and magnetic resonance experiments (anatomical images, fMRI with blood oxygen level–dependent contrast and perfusion-weighted imaging) with electrical forepaw stimulation under α-chloralose anesthesia. Lesioned animals had no obvious neurologic deficits. Anatomical magnetic resonance images showed a malformed cortex or hyperintense areas (cysts) in the lesioned hemisphere. SSEPs were distorted and smaller in amplitude, and fMRI activation was significantly weaker in the lesioned hemisphere. Only in a few animals were cortical areas outside the primary sensory cortex activated. The results are discussed in respect to an apparent absence of plasticity, loss of excitable tissue, the excitability of the lesioned hemisphere, altered connectivity, and a disturbed coupling of increased neuronal activity to the hemodynamic response.

Reduced visual evoked responses in multiple sclerosis patients with optic neuritis: Comparison of functional magnetic resonance imaging and visual evoked potentials

1999 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 161-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
P J Gareau ◽  
J S Gati ◽  
R S Menon ◽  
D Lee ◽  
G Rice ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Optic Neuritis ◽  
Functional Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Multiple Sclerosis Patients ◽  
Stimulation Of ◽  
Visual Evoked

The limited application of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) for investigations of multiple sclerosis (MS) patients has already shown that deficits of the motor, cognitive and visual systems may be identified by differences in the patterns of activation in response to a suitable stimulus. In MS patients with unilateral optic neuritis, the area of activation in the primary visual cortex, measured by fMRI techniques, is dramatically reduced in response to stimulation of the affected eye. The latency of the major positive component of the visual evoked potential (VEP) recorded upon stimulation of the affected eye is significantly increased in these patients, as compared to the unaffected eye and normal volunteers. We have found a correlation between the neural response measured using fMRI and the latency of the VEP. fMRI signal responses have the potential to provide more detailed topographic information relating to functional deficits in MS.

scholarly journals The Neural Mechanisms of Tinnitus: A Perspective From Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinghua Hu ◽  
Jinluan Cui ◽  
Jin-Jing Xu ◽  
Xindao Yin ◽  
Yuanqing Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Neural Mechanism ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Functional Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Sound Perception

Tinnitus refers to sound perception in the absence of external sound stimulus. It has become a worldwide problem affecting all age groups especially the elderly. Tinnitus often accompanies hearing loss and some mood disorders like depression and anxiety. The comprehensive adverse effects of tinnitus on people determine the severity of tinnitus. Understanding the mechanisms of tinnitus and related discomfort may be beneficial to the prevention and treatment, and then getting patients out of tinnitus distress. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is a powerful technique for characterizing the intrinsic brain activity and making us better understand the tinnitus neural mechanism. In this article, we review fMRI studies published in recent years on the neuroimaging mechanisms of tinnitus. The results have revealed various neural network alterations in tinnitus patients, including the auditory system, limbic system, default mode network, attention system, and some other areas involved in memory, emotion, attention, and control. Moreover, changes in functional connectivity and neural activity in these networks are related to the perception, persistence, and severity of tinnitus. In summary, the neural mechanism of tinnitus is a complex regulatory mechanism involving multiple networks. Future research is needed to study these neural networks more accurately to refine the tinnitus models.

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