Xia Yan and the Chinese School of Film

A revolutionary, film theorist, and screenwriter, Xia Yan (1900–1995) is known as one of the pioneers of Chinese cinema. Xia’s pursuit of a national style and international status for Chinese cinema and his aspirations for the prosperity of the Chinese nation are in line with the basic ideas and goals of the nascent “Chinese School of Film.” In the context of the under-theorized and problematic production practices of current Chinese cinema, it is high time to revisit Xia’s professional and academic contributions to cinematic art, which shed light on the construction of both the “Chinese School of Film” and “shared aesthetics.”

IDEOLOGI ZIONISME DALAM TIMBANGAN TEOLOGI ISLAM: KAJIAN ATAS RASISME DALAM PEMIKIRAN ZIONISME

Zionism is one of the great agenda of the Jewish nation to rule the world. The movement can be considered far from human values, all of which originate from their ideology contained in the Talmud and Protocols of Zion. This article aims to reveal the basic ideas of Zionism which became their principle in the movement to conquer the world. Through a search of the literature regarding the theme of the discussion and the descriptive-critical analysis method, it is hoped that it can explain the racism side of the Zionist ideology which is clearly contrary to Islamic Islamic theology and human values. This study shows several important points, including: first, Zionism is a movement of the Jewish people to reclaim Baitul Maqdis; second, the Modern Zionism Movement was initiated by Theodor Herzl through the establishment of the Modern State of Palestine; third, the Zionist movement is based on their ideology taken from the Talmud and the Protocols of Zion. The core ideology in these two sources is to assert that the Jews are the best nation in the world, nations other than them are considered not descendants of Adam and even considered animals, God has given the Jews the rights to rule over all nations other than them, and so on; Fourth, the ideology of Zionism if viewed from the perspective of Islamic theology there are many mistakes because basically Allah views all human beings as equal and the only difference is their piety, there are some confusions in the Zionist conception of God, and some of their ideologies have confusion between argument one and argument. other. Therefore, the author concludes that the ideology of Zionism is contrary to the point of view of Islamic theology, besides that it is also not in accordance with the principles of humanity. Zionisme merupakan salah satu agenda besar bangsa Yahudi untuk menguasai dunia. Gerakannya bisa dianggap jauh dari nilai kemanusiaan, di mana semua itu bersumber dari ideologi mereka yang ada dalam Kitab Talmud dan Protocols of Zion. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengungkap dasar-dasar pemikiran Zionisme yang menjadi prinsip mereka dalam gerakan menaklukkan dunia. Melalui penelusuran literatur-literatur berkenaan dengan tema pembahasan dan metode deskriptif-analisis kritis diharapkan dapat menjelaskan tentang sisi rasisme ideologi Zionisme yang itu jelas bertentangan dengan teologi Islam dan nilai kemanusiaan. Penelitian ini menunjukkan beberapa poin penting, di antaranya yaitu: pertama, Zionisme merupakan gerakan bangsa Yahudi untuk merebut kembali Baitul Maqdis; kedua, Gerakan Zionisme modern diprakarsai oleh Theodor Herzl melalui pembentukan Negara Modern Palestina; ketiga, Gerakan Zionisme tersebut didasari oleh ideologi mereka yang diambil dari Kitab Talmud dan Protocols of Zion. Inti ideologi dalam kedua sumber ini adalah menegaskan bahwa bangsa Yahudi merupakan bangsa terbaik di dunia, bangsa selain mereka dianggap bukan keturunan Adam bahkan dianggap hewan, Tuhan telah menganugrahi bangsa Yahudi hak-hak untuk menguasai seluruh bangsa selain mereka, dan lain sebagainya; keempat, ideologi Zionisme tersebut jika ditinjau dari perspektif teologi Islam terdapat banyak kesalahan karena pada dasarnya Allah memandang semua umat manusia itu sama dan yang membedakannya hanyalah ketakwaannya, terdapat beberapa kerancuan dalam konsepsi Zionis tentang Tuhan, dan beberapa ideologi mereka memiliki kerancuan antara argumen satu dengan argument lain. Oleh karena itu, penulis menyimpulkan bahwa ideologi Zionisme bertentangan dengan sudut pandang teologi Islam, selain itu juga banyak tidak sesuai dengan prinsip kemanusiaan.

Problems and Principles of Reconstruction of Certain Concepts of Philosophy and Cultural Narratives (Methodological Considerations)

The article deals with the problems and principles of reconstruction of certain concepts of philosophy and cultural narratives. The reason was the discussion of N. Kanaeva's report at the Institute of Philosophy, read at a seminar on the geography of rationality. Analyzing V. Bibikhin's work "Wittgenstein: Change of Aspect", the author poses the problem of correctly (to avoid contradictions and reach an understandable logic of text interpretation) reading the narratives of a foreign culture or even the narratives of one's own culture, but belonging to a different direction of thought. Such a reading, he claims, presupposes special optics, a hermeneutic concept and a cultural-historical reconstruction. To introduce and clarify what can be understood by such concepts (optics, concept and reconstruction), an analysis of two cases is proposed: semiotic schemes and G. Oldenberg's study of the Buddha's teachings. The schemes are discussed on the basis of the works of Plato ("Feast" and "Timaeus"). The author shows that Plato in "The Feast" constructs schemes for solving problem situations and specifying ideal objects, and in "Timaeus" he discusses the nature of schemes. In turn, Oldenberg reconstructs the prehistory of Buddhism and the basic ideas proposed by the Buddha. A feature of its reconstruction is an appeal to the culture of Ancient India, an analysis of the ancient Hindu consciousness and mentality, a discussion of the features of Buddhist discourse. The author concludes that if the ideas about Buddhism outlined by Oldenberg are used for the purpose of understanding Buddhist narratives, then these ideas as optics can be summed up under the notion of a hermeneutic concept. This concept is structured in such a way that it clearly takes into account the peculiarities of the Hindu culture and mentality, as different from the European ones.

Communication regimes of Latvia, Lithuania and Estonia: scientific discussion

The materials of the scientific discussion contain basic ideas, pronounced by Russian and foreign participants in the International scientific discussion on the subject of “Communication regimes in Latvia, Lithuania and Estonia”. The discussion was held by the National Research Institute of Communication Development (НИИРК). The Study of communication regimes, held by НИИРК based on author’s methods revealed the following in Latvia, Lithuania and Estonia: rigid regulation of all segments of communication and information content , bodies of self-government included ( having the opportunity to align contacts independently, for example, in the border areas), control over the communication participants taken at random, under the pretext of providing informational security, especially mass media and NGO; strive for the consolidation of the society on the basis of articulating of threats to the national identity and threats to ethnic national self-consciousness; dominating of the Russian threat to national security in information discourse; conscious policy of narrowing the Russian language informational, educational and socializing space; incomplete inclusion in the European information discourse and selective compliance with the principles of the EU relative to communication and information (codex of practices relative to misinformation); the beginning of the compaction of communication space by alternative actors, who appeared as a result of mistrust for the acting government and as a result of impossibility to realize their needs. In the course of the debates it was discussed: institutionalization of the countries communication regimes: role of historically shaped and contemporary practices in Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia; actors models of communication regimes in Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia; role of political institutes, mass media, institutes of civil society and business in shaping communication regimes; peculiarities of communication regimes relative to separately taken groups of the population, mass media, neighboring countries.

Design Model As a Means of Thinking in Architectural Practice and Theory of Renaissance

Состояние проблемы. Реконструкция исторической эволюции архитектурного проектирования сегодня становится актуальной необходимостью. Причины, условия, процессы формирования базовых представлений и методов, легших в основу проектного типа мышления и действия, до сих пор довольно мало изучены, особенно в критическом аспекте. Между тем немалая часть сегодняшних проблем и затруднений, как становится понятно, берет начало в эпохе зарождения профессионального проектного метода, в событиях Нового времени. Центром этого метода стало моделирование, вопросы эволюции которого рассмотрены в настоящей работе. Результаты. Рассмотрен этап становления проектирования в архитектурной деятельности в Ренессансе, прежде всего методологический вклад Л. Б. Альберти. Показана трансформация традиционного модельного способа зодческой работы в Раннем Возрождении, связанная с обособлением креативных действий, персонализацией замысла, изменениями в цеховых коммуникациях. Ремесленный способ работы зодчего вступает в профессиональную эру, что ведет к кардинальному изменению характера и места архитектурных моделей. Выводы. Требуется переосмысление, даже переоценка значения моделирования в эволюции проектирования: на место привычной картины безоблачного прогресса должна прийти критическая и проблематизирующая теория, дающая основания для инструментального отношения к моделированию как одному из методов, не лишенному недостатков. Statement of the problem. Reconstruction of the historical evolution of architectural designing is becoming an urgent need today. The reasons, conditions, processes for the formation of basic ideas and methods that formed the basis of the designing type of thinking and action are still quite poorly understood, especially in a critical aspect. Meanwhile, a considerable part of today's problems and difficulties, as it becomes clear, originates in the era of the emergence of the professional method of designing, in the events of the Modernity. The center of this method is modeling, the evolution of which is considered in this work. Result. The stage of development of design in architectural activity in the Renaissance is considered, most importantly, the methodological contribution of L. B. Alberti. The transformation of the traditional model method of architectural work in the Early Renaissance is shown associated with the isolation of creative actions, personalization of the concept, changes in craft's communications. The craftsman's way of working enters the professional era, which results in a radical change in the nature and place of architectural models. Conclusions. Rethinking, even a reassessment of the importance of modeling in the evolution of designing is required instead of the usual picture of cloudless progress, a critical and problematizing theory should come providing foundations for an instrumental attitude to modeling as one of the methods that is not devoid of shortcomings.

Some Characteristics of the Referential and Inferential Predication in Classical Logic

In the article we consider the relationship of traditional provisions of basic logical concepts and confront them with new and modern approaches to the same concepts. Logic is characterized in different ways when it is associated with syllogistics (referential – semantical model of logic) or with symbolic logic (inferential – syntactical model of logic). This is not only a difference in the logical calculation of (1) concepts, (2) statements, and (3) predicates, but this difference also appears in the treatment of the calculative abilities of logical forms, the ontological-referential status of conceptual content and the inferential-categorical status of logical forms. The basic markers or basic ideas that separate ontologically oriented logic from categorically oriented logic are the (1) concept of truth, the (2) concept of meaning, the (3) concept of identity, and the (4) concept of predication. Here, this differences are explicitly demonstrated by the introduction of differential terminology. From this differential methodology follows a new set of characterizations of logic.

INDIRECT WITNESSES OF TERRORIST ACTS: PSYCHOLOGICAL CONSEQUENCES OF INTIMIDATION

The victimhood of indirect witnesses of terrorist acts, which includes both the audience of the media and the population as a whole, is a complex socio-psychological phenomenon. The reasons victimizations are changes in the system of internal regulation of behavior, namely contradictions between the basic beliefs of people and the real consequences of terrorist acts, which are subjectively perceived as an unexpected, uncertain threat to existence (both objective and subjective), the irreparability of what can happen. Among the indirect witnesses were singled three response styles: slightly negative assessment, partial justification of the perpetrators of a terrorist act, negative emotional assessment with expressed anxiety. The most significant consequences of the psychological impact of terrorist acts on the media audience and the general population should be considered: the contradiction between the basic ideas of people and the reality demonstrated by the media: the subjective and objective unexpectedness of a terrorist act; incorrigibility of the offense. Shown, that psychological countermeasures should be based on the information component aimed at preventing inappropriate reactions, especially in the first days after the terrorist act, development and demonstration of optimal algorithms of behavior, prevent recourse to unconscious or subconscious impulses that violate basic illusions existence. With the presence of drivers that trigger patterns of victim-induced behavior, the media can provoke in the general population a massive loss of social and personal identity, meaning of life, prospects, to form a complex of inferiority, to induce certain adverse behaviors. The most significant consequences of the psychological impact of terrorist acts on the audience of the media and the general population should be considered the contradiction between the basic ideas of people (activate the images of death, destruction, horror of nothingness, which subconsciously everyone has. These "forms of the unspoken" violate three basic illusions of existence: the illusion of one's own immortality, the illusion of justice, the illusion of the hidden meaning of life) and the reality published by the media, which is subjectively perceived as a threat to existence; subjective and objective unexpectedness of a terrorist act; incorrigibility of the committed. Psychological measures to combat victimization should be based on the dominance of the information component of counteraction aimed at preventing dangerous reactions, especially in the first hours after the commission of a terrorist act, the development and demonstration of optimal behavioral algorithms. Keywords: indirect witnesses, terrorist attack, psychological measures, induced behavior, optimal algorithms

Black Holes, Gravitational Waves and Quantum Gravity

Loop Quantum Gravity is a theory that attempts to describe the quantum mechanics of the gravitational field based on the canonical quantization of General Relativity. According to Loop Quantum Gravity, in a gravitational field, geometric quantities such as area and volume are quantized in terms of the Planck length. In this paper we present the basic ideas for a future, mathematically more rigorous, attempt to combine black holes and gravitational waves using the quantization of geometric quantities introduced by Loop Quantum Gravity.

Eucalyptus Prospects In Covid-19 Management

Introduction. Since the beginning of 2020, the Covid-19 pandemic has begun to enter Indonesian territory. Scientists, researchers, and world figures have competed in addressing Covid-19 pandemic properly. They were conducting testing and research to find a vaccine and appropriate caring for Covid-19. One of the results of research from Indonesia was the using of Eucalyptus herbs to prevent and overcome the spread of Covid-19. However, experts said that the results of this study need to be reexamined considering that this type of Covid-19 virus is new and is not the same as what has happened. Objective. This article aimed to contribute a new developing thoughts about Eucalyptus as a part of Covid-19 management, considering that Eucalyptus is an herb that is easy to find, particularly in Indonesia. Method. This was a literature review article looked for suitable and update researches related to eucalyptus using in controlling bacteria and viruses. Results. there are evidences of effect the using eucalyptus as antiviral agent. Conclusion. These studies should become basic ideas to develop more researches and products related to covid-19 so that will effect on improving the covid-19 management in Indonesia, improving the population and health, reducing the spreading of covid-19, and reducing the severity of the cases.Keywords: eucalyptus, antibacterial, antiviral, covid-19 AbstrakPengantar. Sejak awal tahun 2020, pandemi Covid-19 sudah mulai masuk ke wilayah Indonesia. Ilmuwan, peneliti, dan tokoh dunia berlomba-lomba menangani pandemi Covid-19 dengan baik. Mereka sedang melakukan pengujian dan penelitian untuk menemukan vaksin dan perawatan yang tepat untuk Covid-19. Salah satu hasil penelitian dari Indonesia adalah pemanfaatan herbal Eucalyptus untuk mencegah dan mengatasi penyebaran Covid-19. Namun, para ahli mengatakan hasil penelitian ini perlu dikaji ulang mengingat jenis virus Covid-19 ini baru dan tidak sama dengan yang sudah terjadi. Objektif. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk memberikan kontribusi pemikiran baru yang berkembang tentang Eucalyptus sebagai bagian dari penanganan Covid-19, mengingat Eucalyptus merupakan tanaman herbal yang mudah ditemukan, khususnya di Indonesia. Metode. Ini adalah artikel tinjauan pustaka yang mencari penelitian yang cocok dan memperbarui terkait dengan penggunaan kayu putih dalam pengendalian bakteri dan virus. Hasil. ada bukti efek penggunaan kayu putih sebagai agen antivirus. Kesimpulan. Kajian-kajian tersebut harus menjadi dasar pemikiran untuk mengembangkan lebih banyak penelitian dan produk terkait covid-19 sehingga akan berdampak pada peningkatan penanganan covid-19 di Indonesia, peningkatan populasi dan kesehatan, pengurangan penyebaran covid-19, dan pengurangan kasus keparahan penyakit.Kata kunci : eucalyptus, antibakteri, antivirus, covid-19

Dementia and the Boundaries of Secular Personhood

For many, dementia disrupts basic ideas about what it means to be human, raising profound philosophical and theological questions on the nature of personhood. In this article I ask what dementia might reveal about personhood in a “secular age.” I suggest that the ill-fitting relationship between Western bioethics, with its emphasis on autonomy, and dementia throws into relief the boundaries of a secular self, and I tease out the ethical implications of the limits of those boundaries by highlighting a biopolitics of secularism. Lastly, I offer a theological account of dementia that situates dependence as a central feature of the human condition, and enriches a secular biomedical understanding of this neurocognitive disorder.