Broad Autism Phenotype Traits in Parents of Children with Language Impairments: A Comparative Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Lavanya Kiruthika D. ◽  
Shivani Tiwari
Keyword(s):  
Language Impairment ◽  
Specific Language Impairment ◽  
Developmental Disorders ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Broad Autism Phenotype ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Pragmatic Language ◽  
Diagnostic Features ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Autism Phenotype

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> The broad autism phenotype (BAP) comprises milder language and cognitive deficits seen in the nonautistic relatives of individuals with autism. BAP represents the range of individuals with a higher number of these characteristics than average but a lower number than would point to a diagnosis of autism. The Broad Autism Phenotype Questionnaire (BAPQ) is one of the efficient and reliable tools to explore and measure BAP traits, namely, aloofness, pragmatic language, and rigid personality, which represent a few of the diagnostic features of autism. Against the background of positive familial history and common causes across the developmental disorders, this study aimed to compare BAP traits in the parents of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), specific language impairment (SLI), and social communication disorder (SCD) by means of the BAPQ. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> A total of 120 parents (60 mothers and 60 fathers) of children with ASD, SCD, and SLI participated in the study. All mothers filled in the self-report version and fathers filled in the informant version of BAPQ simultaneously in the communication intervention setting. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Obtained data was analyzed with the <i>t</i> test and ANOVA to compare self-ratings, informant ratings, and BAPQ scores across groups. The results of the study revealed no statistically significant difference for the overall BAPQ scores (except on the Pragmatic Language subscale). Furthermore, mothers in all 3 groups presented with BAP traits, with pragmatic language deficits being common. These observations point towards an overlap of BAP traits in the mothers of children with language disorders. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> These findings indicate the value of a detailed assessment of BAP in parents of children with developmental disorders.

scholarly journals Communication difficulties perceived by parents of children with developmental disorders

CoDAS ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 270-275
Author(s):  
Ingrid Ya I Sun ◽  
Fernanda Dreux Miranda Fernandes
Keyword(s):  
Language Impairment ◽  
Specific Language Impairment ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Developmental Disorders ◽  
Communication Disorders ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Communication Difficulties ◽  
Communicating With Children

INTRODUCTION: The child's inclusion in his/her social-cultural context is very important to his/her adaptation and well-being. The family has a major role as a facilitator of this process. Therefore the difficulties of these families in communicating with children with communication disorders are an important issue to be assessed in order to support orientations to families.PURPOSE: The present study aimed to identify and compare communication difficulties perceived by parents of children with Down Syndrome (DS), Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) and Specific Language Impairment (SLI).METHODS: Information was gathered with the use of a questionnaire with 24 questions regarding the perception of parents about their child communication disorders and the difficulties they identify. The questions were divided into four domains: 1 - Parents' personal difficulties; 2 - Parents' impression about themselves regarding their child; 3 - Parents' impressions about other persons' reactions to their child and 4 - Parents' impression about their child. Sixty parents were the subjects of this study: 20 had children with DS, 20 with SLI and 20 with ASD. All children had ages between 6 and 12 years.RESULTS: It was possible to observe that there was significant difference between the parents of ASD children with those of DS and SLI on the second, third and fourth domains.CONCLUSION: The questionnaire is effective to the identification of the communication disorders of ASD children based on their parents' reports but not to other developmental disorders.

Investigation of Broad Autism Phenotype Traits as Measured by the 26-Item Autism Quotient

2018 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 338-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy Camodeca ◽  
Alexandra Hosack ◽  
Kylie Q. Todd
Keyword(s):  
Factor Model ◽  
Internal Consistency Reliability ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Broad Autism Phenotype ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Fit Indices ◽  
Autism Traits ◽  
Autism Quotient ◽  
Empathy Quotient ◽  
Autism Phenotype

The extant literature regarding psychometric properties of measures of subclinical adult autism traits is sparse. The current study investigated the validity and internal consistency reliability of the 26-item Autism Quotient (AQ-26), a self-report measure of autism traits, in a nonclinical young adult sample. Results indicated significantly better model fit with an 18-item measure (AQ-18), with optimal fit indices. Otherwise, AQ-18 and AQ-26 findings were similar and are discussed together. A three-factor model best fit the data. Scores demonstrated similar correlations in expected directions with the Empathy Quotient and Broad Autism Phenotype (BAP) Questionnaire. Expected differences were also observed when college major, gender, and BAP/non-BAP groups were compared. Despite somewhat weaker evidence for the 26/18-Details/Patterns factor, findings indicate that the AQ-26 and AQ-18 are promising measures of the three traits of subclinical autism spectrum symptomatology.

scholarly journals Brief Report: The Broad Autism Phenotype in Swedish Parents of Children With and Without Autism Spectrum Conditions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Bang ◽  
Maria Strömberg ◽  
Shoba S. Meera ◽  
Kajsa Igelström
Keyword(s):  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Genetic Load ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Broad Autism Phenotype ◽  
Autism Spectrum Conditions ◽  
Pragmatic Language ◽  
Autistic Children ◽  
Autistic People ◽  
Autism Phenotype

AbstractThe broad autism phenotype (BAP) is a set of characteristics often observed in typically developing people with a genetic load for autism, such as parents of autistic children. The Broad Autism Phenotypic Questionnaire (BAPQ) is a 36-item questionnaire developed to identify the BAP in first-degree relatives of autistic people. We translated the BAPQ into Swedish and examined its psychometric properties in a Swedish sample consisting of 45 parents of children with ASC and 74 parents of non-autistic children. We found support for the original 3-factor structure (aloof, pragmatic language and rigid), good internal consistency and convergent validity with the Autism Quotient. Thus, the Swedish BAPQ exhibits acceptable psychometric properties and may be useful for assessing the BAP in non-clinical populations.

Is the Progress of Children with ASD in a Behavioural Therapy Programme Influenced by Parents’ Hyper-Systemizing?

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 67-78
Author(s):  
Florina RAD ◽  
Ilinca MIHAILESCU ◽  
Alexandra BUICĂ ◽  
Mihaela STANCU ◽  
Emanuela ANDREI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Behavioural Therapy ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Broad Autism Phenotype ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Behavioural Intervention ◽  
Children With Asd ◽  
One Year ◽  
Therapy Programme ◽  
Autism Phenotype ◽  
The Way

"Background. In an attempt to find genetic explanations for the heterogeneous characteristics of autistic patients, research has shown that parents of autistic children are more likely than parents of neurotypical children to exhibit autistic-like characteristics, meeting the criteria for the so-called “broad autism phenotype” . Subclinical autistic traits have been identified in the families of children with ASD, in both fathers and mothers, but the way in which specific parental phenotypes influence the child’s pathology remains unclear. Methods. This study aimed to analyse the progress that a group of children with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) have made during a behavioural therapy programme and the way their evolution has been influenced by the parents’ systemizing level. 52 participants (aged 2 to 5 years old) diagnosed with an Autism Spectrum Disorder and both of their parents were included in the study. The severity of ASD symptomatology was assessed using the ADOS-G instrument, at the beginning of the study (T0) and after one year of behavioural therapy as well (T1), while the parents’ systemizing level was evaluated using the self-report Systemizing Quotient (SQ). Results. The ADOS-G scores showed a significant improvement after one year of therapy in both Communication and Social Interaction domains. Only the fathers` systemizing level (SQF) had a significant effect on the ADOS-G scores after one year of therapy, with greater improvements reported for children having fathers with higher SQF scores. Conclusion. The significance of these findings is discussed in relation to the empathizing-systemizing (E-S) theory. We consider that it’s particularly important to continue investigating the way that specific parents’ traits, including their systemizing level or their possible broad autism phenotype, can influence the severity of their children’s ASD or the outcome of the behavioural intervention."

scholarly journals Language symptoms of developmental language disorders: An overview of autism, Down syndrome, fragile X, specific language impairment, and Williams syndrome

2005 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
MABEL L. RICE ◽  
STEVEN F. WARREN ◽  
STACY K. BETZ
Keyword(s):  
Down Syndrome ◽  
Williams Syndrome ◽  
Language Impairment ◽  
Specific Language Impairment ◽  
Developmental Disorders ◽  
Fragile X ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Specific Pattern ◽  
Specific Language ◽  
Full Picture

Language deficits occur in a variety of developmental disorders including autism spectrum disorders, Down syndrome, fragile X syndrome, specific language impairment, and Williams syndrome. This paper describes the specific pattern of linguistic deficits in each of these disorders in terms of speech production, semantic, and syntactic abilities as well as the relationship between cognitive and linguistic skills and the presence of a deviant or delayed pattern of development. In the spirit of synthesis across diverse literatures, preliminary comparisons among the language profiles of these disorders are made. The full picture, however, is incomplete given the current state of the literature, which tends to focus on the analysis of a narrow range of linguistic phenomena within a single disorder. The field is in need of research that systematically compares these disorders and leads to detailed descriptions of linguistic phenotypes of each disorder.

scholarly journals Elevated polygenic burden for ASD is associated with the broad autism phenotype

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Nayar ◽  
J.M. Sealock ◽  
N. Maltman ◽  
L. Bush ◽  
E.H. Cook ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protective Factor ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Disorder ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Broad Autism Phenotype ◽  
Repetitive Behaviors ◽  
Pragmatic Language ◽  
Polygenic Scores ◽  
Genetic Overlap ◽  
Social Communicative ◽  
Autism Phenotype

AbstractBackgroundAutism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a multifactorial, neurodevelopmental disorder that encompasses a complex and heterogeneous set of traits. Subclinical traits that mirror the core features of ASD, referred to as the broad autism phenotype (BAP) have been documented repeatedly in unaffected relatives and are believed to reflect underlying genetic liability to ASD. The BAP may help inform the etiology of ASD by allowing the stratification of families into more phenotypically and etiologically homogeneous subgroups. This study explored polygenic scores related to the BAP.MethodsPhenotypic and genotypic information were obtained from 2,614 trios from Simons Simplex Sample. Polygenic scores of ASD (ASD-PGS) were generated across the sample to determine the shared genetic overlap between the BAP and ASD. Maternal and Paternal ASD-PGS was explored in relation to BAP traits and their child ASD symptomatology.ResultsMaternal pragmatic language was related to child’s social communicative atypicalities. In fathers, rigid personality was related to increased repetitive behaviors in children. Maternal (but not paternal) ASD-PGS was related to the pragmatic language and rigid BAP domains.ConclusionsDomain- and sex-specific associations emerged between parent and child phenotypes. ASD-PGS associations emerged with BAP in mothers only, highlighting the potential for a female protective factor, and implicating the polygenic etiology of ASD-related phenotypes in the BAP.

scholarly journals Diagnosing developmental coordination disorders

2013 ◽  
Vol 99 (3) ◽  
pp. 292-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda Kirby ◽  
David Sugden ◽  
Catherine Purcell
Keyword(s):  
Language Impairment ◽  
Specific Language Impairment ◽  
Developmental Disorders ◽  
Developmental Coordination Disorder ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Coordination Disorders ◽  
Learning Domains ◽  
Coordination Disorder

Developmental coordination disorder (DCD) affects around 5% of children and commonly overlaps with other developmental disorders including: attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) and specific language impairment (SLI). There is evidence to demonstrate the wide-ranging impact on all areas of functioning including psychiatric and learning domains. There is increasing evidence of the continuing impact into adulthood and the long-term negative effects on relationships and employment. There is a need for early identification and intervention to limit the likelihood of these secondary consequences from emerging. This paper addresses the diagnosis of DCD.

Developmental disorders

2019 ◽  
pp. 67-104
Author(s):  
Risto Näätänen ◽  
Teija Kujala ◽  
Gregory Light
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Language Impairment ◽  
Specific Language Impairment ◽  
Developmental Disorders ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Attention And Memory ◽  
Oral Clefts ◽  
Specific Language ◽  
Promising Tool ◽  
Neural Marker

Developmental brain disorders, such as developmental dyslexia, specific language impairment (SLI), autism spectrum of disorders (ASD), and oral clefts, include perceptual-cognitive deficits of language, audition, attention, and memory. It is important to detect these dysfunctions in early childhood in order to determine how the development of perception and cognition differs from the typical course and to design interventions supporting development. The MMN, being elicited from the foetal stage onwards, is a promising tool for this purpose. It has illuminated low-level perceptual-cognitive dysfunctions in these disorders and shows promise as an early neural marker of future language-related dysfunction.

scholarly journals Pragmatic versus structural difficulties in the production of pronominal clitics in French-speaking children with autism spectrum disorder

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 239694151879964 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philippe Prévost ◽  
Laurice Tuller ◽  
Racha Zebib ◽  
Marie Anne Barthez ◽  
Joëlle Malvy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Language Impairment ◽  
Specific Language Impairment ◽  
Children With Autism ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
First Person ◽  
Specific Language ◽  
Third Person ◽  
Structural Language

Background and aims Impaired production of third person accusative pronominal clitics is a signature of language impairment in French-speaking children. It has been found to be a prominent and persistent difficulty in children and adolescents with specific language impairment. Previous studies have reported that many children with autism spectrum disorder also have low performance on these clitics. However, it remains unclear whether these difficulties in children with autism spectrum disorder are due to structural language impairment or to pragmatic deficits. This is because pragmatics skills, notoriously weak in children with autism spectrum disorder, are also needed for appropriate use of pronouns. Use of pronouns without clear referents and difficulty with discourse pronouns (first and second person), which require taking into account the point of view of one’s interlocutor (perspective shifting), have frequently been reported for autism spectrum disorder. Methods We elicited production of nominative, reflexive and accusative third and first person pronominal clitics in 19 verbal children with autism spectrum disorder (aged 6–12, high and low functioning, with structural language impairment, or with normal language) and 19 age-matched children with specific language impairment. If pragmatics is behind difficulties on these elements, performance on first-person clitics would be expected to be worse than performance on third person clitics, since it requires perspective shifting. Furthermore, worse performance for first person clitics was expected in the children with autism spectrum disorder compared to the children with specific language impairment, since weak pragmatics is an integral part of impairment in the former, but not in the latter. More generally, different error patterns would be expected in the two groups, if the source of difficulty with clitics is different (a pragmatic deficit vs. a structural language deficit). Results Similar patterns of relative difficulties were found in the autism spectrum disorder language impairment and specific language impairment groups, with third person accusative clitics being produced at lower rates than first-person pronouns and error patterns being essentially identical. First-person pronouns did not pose particular difficulties in the children with autism spectrum disorder (language impairment or normal language) with respect to third-person pronouns or to the children with specific language impairment. Performance was not related to nonverbal intelligence in the autism spectrum disorder group. Conclusions The elicitation task used in this study included explicit instruction, and focus on perspective shifting (both visual and verbal), allowing for potential pragmatic effects to be controlled. Moreover, the task elicited a variety of types of clitics in morphosyntactic contexts of varying complexity, providing ample opportunities for employment of perspective shifting, which may have also curtailed perseveration of third person over first person. These properties of the task allowed for the grammatical nature of children’s difficulties with third-person accusative clitics to emerge unambiguously. Implications Assessment of structural language abilities in children with autism spectrum disorder requires careful consideration of task demands. The influence of pragmatic abilities on structural language performance can be circumvented by making the pragmatic demands of the task explicit and salient. Filtering out this potential influence on structural language performance is fundamental to understanding language profiles in children with autism spectrum disorder and thus which children could benefit from which kinds of language intervention.

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