scholarly journals Use of Botulinum Toxin for Androgenic Alopecia: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Robert S. English Jr. ◽  
Sophia Ruiz
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Botulinum Toxin ◽  
Hair Loss ◽  
Response Rates ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Androgenic Alopecia ◽  
Serious Adverse Events ◽  
Prospective Cohorts ◽  
Botulinum Toxin Injections

In this systematic review, we summarize the efficacy and safety of intradermal and intramuscular botulinum toxin injections for androgenic alopecia (AGA). Using PubMed, we conducted a literature search up to February 2021 using the following keyword combinations: “botulinum toxin” or “botox” and “androgenetic alopecia,” “hair loss,” or “alopecia.” Five clinical studies met our inclusion criteria: 4 prospective cohorts and 1 randomized clinical trial (RCT). Study durations ranged from 24 to 60 weeks. No studies included control groups or compared botulinum toxin injections against approved treatments. A total of 165 participants were identified – all of whom were males with AGA. Of the 4 studies measuring response rates (i.e., subjects with >0% hair changes), response rates ranged from 75 to 79.1%. Within studies measuring hair count changes from intramuscular injections, changes ranged from 18 to 20.9%. No serious adverse events were reported. Studies on botulinum toxin injections have produced favorable outcomes for AGA subjects. However, results should be interpreted with caution due to the absence of control groups, small numbers of participants, and relatively low Jadad quality scores. Large RCTs are recommended to confirm efficacy and safety, explore the effects of botulinum toxin on females with pattern hair loss, and establish best practices for intradermal and intramuscular injection methodologies.

scholarly journals Efficacy and safety of intravenous immunoglobulins for the treatment of viral encephalitis: a systematic literature review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith N. Wagner ◽  
Annette Leibetseder ◽  
Anna Troescher ◽  
Juergen Panholzer ◽  
Tim J. von Oertzen
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Viral Encephalitis ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Ivig Therapy ◽  
Intravenous Immunoglobulins ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
Serious Adverse Events ◽  
Optimal Dosing ◽  
Cochrane Database

Abstract Background For most viral encephalitides, therapy is merely supportive. Intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIG) have been used as a prophylactic and therapeutic approach. We conduct a systematic review on the safety and efficacy of IVIG in viral encephalitis. Methods We conducted a systematic review assessing PubMed, Cochrane Database, Biosis Previews and the ClinicalTrials.gov website to identify all reports on patients with viral encephalitis treated with IVIG as of May 31, 2019. The main outcomes assessed were therapeutic efficacy and safety. For an increased homogeneity of the population, atypical viral infections were excluded, as were reports on prophylactic IVIG use, intrathecal application of immunoglobulins, or use of antibody-enriched IVIG-preparations. Data were extracted from published studies. Descriptive statistics were used. Results We included a total of 44 studies (39 case reports). The case reports cover a total of 53 patients. Our search retrieved two prospective and three retrospective studies. These show heterogeneous results as to the efficacy of IVIG therapy. Only one study reports a significant association between IVIG-use and death (odds ratio 0.032; 95% confidence interval 0.0033–0.3024; p = 0.0027). None of the studies report significant differences in the number of serious adverse events. Conclusion Data on the efficacy of IVIG-therapy is heterogeneous. While it seems generally safe, evident superiority compared to supportive treatment has not been demonstrated so far. Future trials should also investigate the optimal dosing and timing of IVIG and their benefit in the immunosuppressed.

scholarly journals CGRP-antibodies, topiramate and botulinum toxin type A in episodic and chronic migraine: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Cephalalgia ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 033310242110181
Author(s):  
Florian Frank ◽  
Hanno Ulmer ◽  
Victoria Sidoroff ◽  
Gregor Broessner
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Monoclonal Antibodies ◽  
Botulinum Toxin ◽  
Response Rate ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Botulinum Toxin Type A ◽  
Type A ◽  
Response Rates ◽  
Botulinum Toxin Type ◽  
Odds Ratios

Background The approval of monoclonal antibodies for prevention of migraine has revolutionized treatment for patients. Oral preventatives are still considered first line treatments as head-to-head trials comparing them with antibodies are lacking. Methods The main purpose of this study was to provide a comparative overview of the efficacy of three commonly prescribed migraine preventative medication classes. For this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched the databases CENTRAL, EMBASE, and MEDLINE until 20 March 2020. We included RCTs reporting the 50% response rates for topiramate, Botulinum Toxin Type A and monoclonal antibodies against CGRP(r). Studies were excluded if response rates were not reported, treatment allocation was unclear, or if study quality was insufficient. Primary outcome measure were the 50% response rates. The pooled odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals were calculated with the random effects model. The study was registered at PROSPERO (CRD42020222880). Findings We identified 6552 reports. Thirty-two were eligible for our review. Studies assessing monoclonal antibodies included 13,302 patients and yielded pooled odds ratios for the 50% response rate of 2.30 (CI: 2.11–2.50). Topiramate had an overall effect estimate of 2.70 (CI: 1.97–3.69) with 1989 included patients and Botulinum Toxin Type A achieved 1.28 (CI: 0.98–1. 67) with 2472 patients included. Interpretation Topiramate, botulinum toxin type A and monoclonal antibodies showed higher odds ratios in achieving a 50% response rate compared to placebo. Topiramate numerically demonstrated the greatest effect size but also the highest drop-out rate.

scholarly journals Efficacy and safety of eltrombopag in the treatment of severe chronic immune thrombocytopenia in children of China: A single-center observational study

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 205873841987212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoling Cheng ◽  
Kuo Yan ◽  
Jingyao Ma ◽  
Zhenping Chen ◽  
Libo Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Events ◽  
Observational Study ◽  
Immune Thrombocytopenia ◽  
Response Rates ◽  
Drug Dosage ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
Bleeding Events ◽  
Serious Adverse Events ◽  
Durable Response ◽  
Chronic Immune Thrombocytopenia

The treatment of severe chronic immune thrombocytopenia (SCITP) in pediatric patients is challenging. We evaluated the clinical efficacy and safety of eltrombopag in children with SCITP in China. This observational study was carried out at the Hematology Oncology Center, Beijing Children’s Hospital between April 2017 and July 2018. Patients with SCITP who had at least 12 weeks of eltrombopag treatment and follow-up data were included. Baseline data, such as age, drug dosage, pre-study platelet count, concomitant medications, and bleeding severity, were collected. Treatment response rates, durable response rates, bleeding events, and adverse events were assessed during eltrombopag therapy for at least 12 weeks. The median duration of eltrombopag therapy was 16 (12–48) weeks. The overall, complete, and partial response rates were 75% (15/20), 35% (7/20), and 40% (8/20), respectively. The durable response rate was 70% (14/20). No serious bleeding events or serious adverse events occurred during the study period. Eltrombopag appears to be effective and safe in children with SCITP, although additional research is needed to confirm this.

scholarly journals Systematic Review of Platelet-Rich Plasma Use in Androgenetic Alopecia Compared with Minoxidil®, Finasteride®, and Adult Stem Cell-Based Therapy

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (8) ◽  
pp. 2702 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pietro Gentile ◽  
Simone Garcovich
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Hair Loss ◽  
Platelet Rich Plasma ◽  
Adult Stem Cell ◽  
Lower Grade ◽  
Androgenic Alopecia ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Cell Based Therapy ◽  
Local Injections ◽  
Meta Analyses

The number of articles evaluating platelet-rich plasma (PRP) efficacy in androgenic alopecia (AGA) have exponentially increased during the last decade. A systematic review on this field was performed by assessing in the selected studies the local injections of PRP compared to any control for AGA. The protocol was developed in accordance with the Preferred Reporting for Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses-Protocols (PRISMA-P) guidelines. A multistep search of the PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase, PreMEDLINE, Ebase, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Clinicaltrials.gov, Scopus database, and Cochrane databases was performed to identify studies on hair loss treatment with platelet-rich plasma. Of the 163 articles initially identified, 123 articles focusing on AGA were selected and, consequently, only 12 clinical trials were analyzed. The studies included had to match predetermined criteria according to the PICOS (patients, intervention, comparator, outcomes, and study design) approach. In total, 84% of the studies reported a positive effect of PRP for AGA treatment. Among them, 50% of the studies demonstrated a statistically significant improvement using objective measures and 34% of the studies showed hair density and hair thickness improvement, although no p values or statistical analysis was described. In total, 17% of the studies reported greater improvement in lower-grade AGA, while 8% noted increased improvement in higher-grade AGA. Only 17% of the studies reported that PRP was not effective in treating AGA. The information analyzed highlights the positive effects of PRP on AGA, without major side effects and thus it be may considered as a safe and effective alternative procedure to treat hair loss compared with Minoxidil® and Finasteride®.

Early Botulinum Toxin Injections in Infants With Musculoskeletal Disorders: A Systematic Review of Safety and Effectiveness

2018 ◽  
Vol 99 (6) ◽  
pp. 1160-1176.e5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Sébastien Bourseul ◽  
Anais Molina ◽  
Mael Lintanf ◽  
Laetitia Houx ◽  
Emmanuelle Chaléat-Valayer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Botulinum Toxin ◽  
Musculoskeletal Disorders ◽  
Botulinum Toxin Injections
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