Aberrant Salience among Young Healthy Postgraduate University Students: The Role of Cannabis Use, Psychotic-Like Experiences, and Personality

The heritability of schizophrenia and most personality traits has been well established, but the role of personality in susceptibility to schizophrenia remains uncertain. The aim of this study was to test for an association between personality traits and Neurological Soft Signs (NSS), a well-known biological marker of schizophrenia, in non-psychotic relatives of patients with schizophrenia. For this purpose, we evaluated the NSS scale and personality measured by the Temperament and Character inventory (TCI-R) in three groups of subjects: 29 patients with schizophrenia, 24 unaffected relatives and 37 controls. The results showed that patients with schizophrenia were more asocial (higher harm avoidance and lower reward dependence), more perseverative (higher persistence), and more schizotypal (lower self-directedness and cooperativeness, higher self-transcendence). The unaffected relatives showed higher harm avoidance, lower self-directedness and cooperativeness than the healthy controls. Higher NSS scores and sub-scores were found in patients and non-psychotic relatives compared with the controls. Among all the patients, total NSS scores were positively correlated with harm avoidance but negatively correlated with novelty seeking and persistence. Total NSS were also correlated with low scores on self-directedness and cooperativeness, which are indicators of personality disorder. Our results show that susceptibility to NSS and to schizophrenia are both related to individual differences in the temperament and character features in non-psychotic relatives of patients with schizophrenia. High harm avoidance, low persistence, low self-directedness and low cooperativeness contribute to both the risk of NSS and schizophrenia. These findings highlight the value of using both assessments to study high risk populations.

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Association between neurological soft signs, temperament and character in patients with schizophrenia and non-psychotic relatives

10.7287/peerj.preprints.1647v1 ◽

2016 ◽

Author(s):

Liliana Galindo ◽

Francisco Pastoriza ◽

Daniel Bergé ◽

Anna Mané ◽

Marisol Picado ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Personality Traits ◽

Biological Marker ◽

Harm Avoidance ◽

Novelty Seeking ◽

Temperament And Character Inventory ◽

Neurological Soft Signs ◽

Character Inventory ◽

High Risk Populations ◽

Self Transcendence

The heritability of schizophrenia and most personality traits has been well established, but the role of personality in susceptibility to schizophrenia remains uncertain. The aim of this study was to test for an association between personality traits and Neurological Soft Signs (NSS), a well-known biological marker of schizophrenia, in non-psychotic relatives of patients with schizophrenia. For this purpose, we evaluated the NSS scale and personality measured by the Temperament and Character inventory (TCI-R) in three groups of subjects: 29 patients with schizophrenia, 24 unaffected relatives and 37 controls. The results showed that patients with schizophrenia were more asocial (higher harm avoidance and lower reward dependence), more perseverative (higher persistence), and more schizotypal (lower self-directedness and cooperativeness, higher self-transcendence). The unaffected relatives showed higher harm avoidance, lower self-directedness and cooperativeness than the healthy controls. Higher NSS scores and sub-scores were found in patients and non-psychotic relatives compared with the controls. Among all the patients, total NSS scores were positively correlated with harm avoidance but negatively correlated with novelty seeking and persistence. Total NSS were also correlated with low scores on self-directedness and cooperativeness, which are indicators of personality disorder. Our results show that susceptibility to NSS and to schizophrenia are both related to individual differences in the temperament and character features in non-psychotic relatives of patients with schizophrenia. High harm avoidance, low persistence, low self-directedness and low cooperativeness contribute to both the risk of NSS and schizophrenia. These findings highlight the value of using both assessments to study high risk populations.

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Association between neurological soft signs, temperament and character in patients with schizophrenia and non-psychotic relatives

10.7287/peerj.preprints.1647 ◽

2016 ◽

Author(s):

Liliana Galindo ◽

Francisco Pastoriza ◽

Daniel Bergé ◽

Anna Mané ◽

Marisol Picado ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Personality Traits ◽

Biological Marker ◽

Harm Avoidance ◽

Novelty Seeking ◽

Temperament And Character Inventory ◽

Neurological Soft Signs ◽

Character Inventory ◽

High Risk Populations ◽

Self Transcendence

The heritability of schizophrenia and most personality traits has been well established, but the role of personality in susceptibility to schizophrenia remains uncertain. The aim of this study was to test for an association between personality traits and Neurological Soft Signs (NSS), a well-known biological marker of schizophrenia, in non-psychotic relatives of patients with schizophrenia. For this purpose, we evaluated the NSS scale and personality measured by the Temperament and Character inventory (TCI-R) in three groups of subjects: 29 patients with schizophrenia, 24 unaffected relatives and 37 controls. The results showed that patients with schizophrenia were more asocial (higher harm avoidance and lower reward dependence), more perseverative (higher persistence), and more schizotypal (lower self-directedness and cooperativeness, higher self-transcendence). The unaffected relatives showed higher harm avoidance, lower self-directedness and cooperativeness than the healthy controls. Higher NSS scores and sub-scores were found in patients and non-psychotic relatives compared with the controls. Among all the patients, total NSS scores were positively correlated with harm avoidance but negatively correlated with novelty seeking and persistence. Total NSS were also correlated with low scores on self-directedness and cooperativeness, which are indicators of personality disorder. Our results show that susceptibility to NSS and to schizophrenia are both related to individual differences in the temperament and character features in non-psychotic relatives of patients with schizophrenia. High harm avoidance, low persistence, low self-directedness and low cooperativeness contribute to both the risk of NSS and schizophrenia. These findings highlight the value of using both assessments to study high risk populations.

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The role of aberrant salience in the association between cannabis use frequency and psychotic experiences among racial and ethnic minoritized youth

Schizophrenia Research ◽

10.1016/j.schres.2021.09.016 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 238 ◽

pp. 36-43

Author(s):

Deidre M. Anglin ◽

Aleksandr A. Tikhonov ◽

Rachel Tayler ◽

Jordan DeVylder

Keyword(s):

Cannabis Use ◽

Psychotic Experiences ◽

Aberrant Salience

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Psychopathology and personality traits in psychotic patients and their first-degree relatives

European Psychiatry ◽

10.1016/j.eurpsy.2009.06.002 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 24 (7) ◽

pp. 476-482 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

M.J. Cortés ◽

J. Valero ◽

J.A. Gutiérrez-Zotes ◽

A. Hernández ◽

L. Moreno ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Personality Traits ◽

Factor Model ◽

Five Factor Model ◽

Point Of View ◽

Psychotic Symptoms ◽

Control Group ◽

Personality Dimensions ◽

First Degree Relatives ◽

Schizophrenic Patients ◽

Self Transcendence

AbstractPersonality dimensions have been associated with symptoms dimensions in schizophrenic patients (SP). In this paper we study the relationships between symptoms of functional psychoses and personality dimensions in SP and their first-degree relatives (SR), in other psychotic patients (PP) and their first-degree relatives (PR), and in healthy controls in order to evaluate the possible clinical dimensionality of these disorders. Twenty-nine SP, 29 SR, 18 PP, 18 PR and 188 controls were assessed using the temperament and character inventory (TCI-R). Current symptoms were evaluated with positive and negative syndrome scale (PANSS) using the five-factor model described previously (positive [PF], negative [NF], disorganized [DF], excitement [EF] and anxiety/depression [ADF]). Our TCI-R results showed that patients had different personality dimensions from the control group, but in relatives, these scores were not different from controls. With regard to symptomatology, we highlight the relations observed between harm avoidance (HA) and PANSS NF, and between self-transcendence (ST) and PANSS PF. From a personality traits-genetic factors point of view, schizophrenia and other psychosis may be initially differentiated by temperamental traits such as HA. The so-called characterial traits like ST would be associated with the appearance of psychotic symptoms.

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Personality traits mediate the association between perceived parental bonding and well-being in adult volunteers from the community

BioPsychoSocial Medicine ◽

10.1186/s13030-020-00198-4 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Akiko Murakoshi ◽

Nobuyuki Mitsui ◽

Jiro Masuya ◽

Yota Fujimura ◽

Shinji Higashi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Personality Traits ◽

Structural Equation ◽

Parental Bonding ◽

Well Being ◽

Harm Avoidance ◽

Subjective Well Being ◽

Reward Dependence ◽

Character Inventory ◽

Self Transcendence ◽

Adult Volunteers

Abstract Background Previous studies reported that subjective well-being in adulthood correlates with perceived parental bonding in childhood as well as personality traits. However, whether personality traits mediate the effect of perceived parental bonding on well-being or not has not been reported to date. In this study, we hypothesized that ‘parental care and overprotection’ in childhood affect ‘well-being’ in adulthood through various ‘personality traits’, and analyzed this using structural equation modeling. Methods A total of 402 adult volunteers from the community provided responses to the following questionnaires: 1) Parental Bonding Instrument, 2) Temperament and Character Inventory, and 3) The Subjective Well-being Inventory. Two structural equation models were designed and the maximum likelihood estimation method was used for covariance structure analysis. Results Parental care in childhood directly increased well-being in adulthood and indirectly increased it through personality traits (harm avoidance, reward dependence, and self-directedness). Parental overprotection in childhood had no direct effect on well-being in adulthood but decreased well-being in adulthood indirectly through personality traits (harm avoidance, reward dependence, and self-directedness) and increased it through one personality trait (self-transcendence). Conclusions This study showed that the influences of perceived parental bonding on well-being in adulthood are mediated by self-directedness, harm avoidance, reward dependence, and self-transcendence among the seven personality dimensions evaluated by the Temperament and Character Inventory.

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The Mediating Role of Metacognitive Processes in the Relationship between Personality Traits and Academic Achievement of University Students

Sakarya University Journal of Education ◽

10.19126/suje.974304 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 501-525

Author(s):

Ahmet SAPANCI

Keyword(s):

Academic Achievement ◽

University Students ◽

Personality Traits ◽

Mediating Role ◽

Metacognitive Processes ◽

The Relationship

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Personality Traits as Markers of Psychosis Risk in Kenya: Assessment of Temperament and Character

Schizophrenia Bulletin Open ◽

10.1093/schizbullopen/sgaa051 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Daniel Mamah ◽

C Robert Cloninger ◽

Victoria N Mutiso ◽

Isaiah Gitonga ◽

Albert Tele ◽

...

Keyword(s):

At Risk ◽

Personality Traits ◽

Verbal Memory ◽

Structured Interview ◽

Novelty Seeking ◽

Psychosis Risk ◽

Character Inventory ◽

Self Transcendence ◽

Student’S T ◽

Relationship Of

Abstract Specific personality traits have been proposed as a schizophrenia-related endophenotype and confirmed in siblings at risk for psychosis. The relationship of temperament and character with psychosis has not been previously investigated in Africa. The study was conducted in Kenya, and involved participants at clinical high-risk (CHR) for psychosis (n = 268) and controls (n = 251), aged 15–25 years. CHR status was estimated using the Structured Interview of Psychosis-Risk Syndromes (SIPS) and the Washington Early Psychosis Center Affectivity and Psychosis (WERCAP) Screen. Student’s t-tests were used to assess group differences on the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI). Neurocognitive functioning, stress severity, and substance use were correlated with the TCI, correcting for psychosis severity. CHR participants were more impulsive (ie, higher novelty seeking [NS]) and asocial (ie, lower reward dependence) than controls. They were also more schizotypal (ie, high self-transcendence [ST] and lower self-directedness [SD] and cooperativeness [CO] than controls). CO was related to logical reasoning, abstraction, and verbal memory. Stress severity correlated with high HA and schizotypal character traits. Lifetime tobacco use was related to NS, and lifetime marijuana use to high NS, low SD and high ST. Temperament and character of Kenyan CHR youth is similar to that observed in schizophrenia. Psychosis risk in Kenya is associated with impulsive, asocial, and schizotypal traits. CHR adolescents and young adults with schizophrenia-specific personality traits may be most at risk for developing a psychotic disorder and to require early intervention to improve outcomes.

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