scholarly journals Optimization of the Thyristor Controlled Phase Shifting Transformer using PSO Algorithm

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 5472 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hadi Suyono ◽  
Rini Nur Hasanah ◽  
Paramita Dwi Putri Pranyata
Keyword(s):  
Power Plants ◽  
Reactive Power ◽  
Capacitor Bank ◽  
Pso Algorithm ◽  
Phase Shifting ◽  
Static Var Compensator ◽  
Voltage Profile ◽  
Power Losses ◽  
Abc Algorithm ◽  
Capacitor Banks

The increase of power system demand leads to the change in voltage profile, reliability requirement and system robustness against disturbance. The voltage profile can be improved by providing a source of reactive power through the addition of new power plants, capacitor banks, or implementation of Flexible AC Transmission System (FACTS) devices such as Static VAR Compensator (SVC), Unified Power Flow Control (UPFC), Thyristor Controlled Series Capacitor (TCSC), Thyristor Controlled Phase Shifting Transformer (TCPST), and many others. Determination of optimal location and sizing of device injection is paramount to produce the best improvement of voltage profile and power losses reduction. In this paper, optimization of the combined advantages of TCPST and TCSC has been investigated using Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm, being applied to the 30-bus system IEEE standard. The effectiveness of the placement and sizing of TCPST-TCSC combination has been compared to the implementation of capacitor banks. The result showed that the combination of TCPST-TCSC resulted in more effective improvement of system power losses condition than the implementation of capacitor banks.  The power losses reduction of 46.47% and 42.03% have been obtained using of TCPST-TCSC combination and capacitor banks respectively. The TCPST-TCSC and Capacitor Bank implementations by using PSO algorithm have also been compared with the implementation of Static VAR Compensator (SVC) using Artificial Bee Colony (ABC) Algorithm. The implementation of the TCSC-TCPST compensation with PSO algorithm have gave a better result than using the capacitor bank with PSO algorithm and SVC with the ABC algorithm.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Penggunaan Kapasitor Bank pada Penyulang Kota di PT. PLN (Persero) Rayon Meulaboh Kota

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 21-28
Author(s):  
Haimi Ardiansyah
Keyword(s):  
Electric Power ◽  
Power Factor ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Reactive Power ◽  
Capacitor Bank ◽  
Active Power ◽  
Electrical System ◽  
Capacitor Banks ◽  
Absolute Requirement ◽  
Electric Supply

Haimi Ardiansyah Akademi Komunitas Negeri Aceh Barat _________________________ Abstract Penelitian ini membahas tentang pengaruh penggunaan kapasitor bank pada penyulang kota di PT. PLN (Persero) Rayon Meulaboh Kota. Pendistribusian tenaga listrik yang stabil adalah syarat mutlak yang harus dipenuhi PT. PLN (Persero) dalam menjawab kebutuhan konsumen. Bertambahnya beban yang bersifat induktif akan berpengaruh pada penurunan nilai faktor daya pada sistem kelistrikan. Selanjutnya kondisi ini juga akan membutuhkan daya reaktif yang sangat besar sehingga pembangkit listrik harus menyalurkan daya yang lebih besar. Salah satu upaya untuk memperbaiki faktor daya adalah dengan menambahkan beban kapasitif. Perbaikan faktor daya pada penyulang kota dengan menggunakan kapasitor bank bertujuan untuk meningkatkan daya aktif sehingga mendekati dengan daya semu yang diproduksi PT. PLN. Penggunakan kapasitor bank ini diharapkan mampu menurunkan daya reaktif dan memperbaiki faktor daya pada penyulang kota. Keywords: Daya Listrik, Daya Reaktif, Faktor daya, Kapasitor Bank __________________________ Abstrak The study discusses the effect of installing bank capacitor on city electric feeder at PT. PLN (Persero) Rayon Meulaboh Kota. Stable electric supply is an absolute requirement that must be met by PT. PLN (Persero) in answering consumer needs. The increase of inductive loads will affect the decrease power factor value in the electrical system. Furthermore, this condition will also require a very large reactive power so that power plants have to supply more electric power. Installing capacitive loads is one of the best options in improving the power factor. The improvement of power factor in city feeders using capacitor banks aims to increase the active power to get close to the apparent power which is produced by PT. PLN (Persero). In short, the use of capacitor banks is expected to reduce reactive power and improve the power factor in city feeders. Kata Kunci: Electric Power, Reactive Power, Power Factor, Capacitor Bank __________________________

scholarly journals Allocation of distributed generation and capacitor banks in distribution system

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 437 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olatunde Oladepo ◽  
Hasimah Abdul Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Distribution System ◽  
Power Flow ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Reactive Power ◽  
Optimal Placement ◽  
Voltage Profile ◽  
Power Losses ◽  
Capacitor Banks ◽  
Reactive Power Flow ◽  
Imaginary Power

<p>Voltage profile and power losses on the distribution system is a function of real and imaginary power loading condition. This can be effectively managed through the controlled real and reactive power flow by optimal placement of capacitor banks (CB) and distributed generators (DG). This paper presents adaptive Particle Swarm Optimization (MPSO) to efficiently tackle the problem of simultaneous allocation of DG and CB in radial distribution system to revamp voltage magnitude and reduce power losses. The modification to the conventional PSO was achieved by replacing the inertial weight equation (W) in the velocity update equation base on the particle best experience in the previous iteration. The inertial weight equation is designed to vary with respect to the iteration value in the algorithm. The proposed method was investigated on IEEE 30-bus, 33-bus and 69-bus test distribution systems. The results shows a significant improvement in the rate of convergence of APSO, improved voltage profile and loss reduction.</p>

scholarly journals OPTIMASI KAPASITAS BANK KAPASITOR UNTUK MEREDUKSI RUGI-RUGI DAYA PADA PENYULANG WORTEL MENGGUNAKAN METODE GREY WOLF OPTIMIZER (GWO)

Electrician ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 61-68
Author(s):  
Christopher Theophilus Prayogo ◽  
Osea Zebua ◽  
Khairudin Hasan
Keyword(s):  
Capacitor Bank ◽  
Active Power ◽  
Grey Wolf Optimizer ◽  
Sensitivity Factor ◽  
Grey Wolf ◽  
Voltage Profile ◽  
Power Losses ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Capacitor Banks ◽  
Active Power Losses

Intisari — Jarak yang jauh antara sisi penyuplai energi listrik dan sisi konsumen (beban) pada jaringandistribusi menimbulkan permasalahan seperti meningkatnya rugi-rugi daya di sepanjang saluran dan jatuhtegangan. Pemasangan kapasitor adalah salah satu solusi untuk meminimalkan rugi-rugi daya sekaligusmemperbaiki profil tegangan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mencari nilai kapasitas optimal daribeberapa bank kapasitor yang dipasang pada jaringan distribusi untuk meminimisasi rugi-rugi daya aktifmenggunakan metode Grey Wolf Optimizer (GWO). Lokasi penempatan bank kapasitor ditentukan denganmenggunakan metode faktor sensitivitas rugi-rugi atau Loss Sensitivity Factor (LSF). Studi kasus yangdigunakan adalah jaringan distribusi 20 kV Penyulang Wortel, di Gardu Induk Menggala, ProvinsiLampung. Simulasi penentuan lokasi penempatan dan optimasi kapasitas bank kapasitor dilakukan denganmenggunakan perangkat lunak MATLAB. Hasil simulasi menunjukkan bahwa lokasi optimal penempatanempat bank kapasitor menggunakan metode LSF adalah pada bus 42, 51, 58 dan 60 dan kapasitas optimalbank kapasitor pada bus-bus tersebut yang diperoleh dengan menggunakan metode GWO masing-masingadalah sebesar 0,15 MVAR, 0,45 MVAR, 0,15 MVAR, dan 0,15 MVAR. Rugi-rugi daya aktif yang diperolehsetelah pemasangan bank kapasitor adalah sebesar 0,1041 MW atau berkurang sebesar 23% dari nilai rugirugi daya aktif sebelum pemasangan bank kapasitor yakni 0,1352 MW. Nilai tegangan minimum yangdiperoleh setelah pemasangan bank kapasitor adalah 0,944 pu dan memperbaiki profil tegangan dari nilaitegangan minimum sebelum pemasangan bank kapasitor yakni sebesar 0,916 pu.Kata-kata kunci - optimasi kapasitas, capacitor bank, Grey Wolf Optimizer, rugi-rugi daya aktif, faktorsensitivitas rugi-rugi.Abstract — Long distance between the electricity supply side and the consumer side (load) on the distributionnetwork can cause problems such as increasing power losses along the line and voltage drop. Installingcapacitors is one solution to minimize power losses while improving the voltage profile. The aim of this researchis to find the optimal capacity value of several capacitor banks installed in the distribution network to minimizeactive power losses using the Grey Wolf Optimizer (GWO) method. The location of the capacitor bank placementis determined by using the Loss Sensitivity Factor (LSF) method. The case study used is a 20 kV distributionnetwork of Wortel Feeders, in Menggala substation, Lampung Province. Simulation of determining theplacement location and optimization of capacitor banks capacity is performed using MATLAB software. Thesimulation results show that the location of four capacitor banks using the LSF method is on buses 42, 51, 58and 60 and the optimal capacitor bank capacity on those buses obtained using the GWO method are 0.15 MVAR,0.45 MVAR, 0.15 MVAR, and 0.15 MVAR, respectively. The active power losses obtained after the installation ofcapacitor bank are equal to 0.1041 MW or reduced by 23% from the value of active power losses before theinstallation of capacitor bank which is 0.1352 MW. The minimum voltage value obtained after the installation ofcapacitor bank is 0.94 pu and improves the voltage profile of the minimum voltage value before the installationof capacitor bank which is equal to 0.916 pu.Keywords— capacity optimization, capacitor bank, Grey Wolf Optimizer, active power losses, Loss SensitivityFactor.

scholarly journals Optimal Allocation of Capacitor Bank for Loss Minimization and Voltage Improvement Using Analytical Method

SCITECH Nepal ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Avinash Khatri KC ◽  
Tika Ram Regmi
Keyword(s):  
Distribution System ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Optimal Allocation ◽  
Reactive Power ◽  
Capacitor Bank ◽  
Minimum Cost ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Standard Test ◽  
Load Flow ◽  
Voltage Profile

An electric distribution system plays an important role in achieving satisfactory power supply. The quality of power is measured by voltage stability and profile of voltage. The voltage profile is affected by the losses in distribution system. As the load is mostly inductive on the distribution system and requires large reactive power, most of the power quality problems can be resolved with requisite control of reactive power. Capacitors are often installed in distribution system for reactive power compensation. This paper presents two stage procedures to identify the location and size of capacitor bank. In the first stage, the load flow is carried out to find the losses of the system using sweep algorithm. In the next stage, different size of capacitors are initialized and placed in each possible candidate bus and again load flow for the system is carried out. The objective function of the cost incorporating capacitor cost and loss cost is formulated constrained with voltage limits. The capacitor with the minimum cost is selected as the optimized solution. The proposed procedure is applied to different standard test systems as 12-bus radial distribution systems. In addition, the proposed procedure is applied on a real distribution system, a section of Sallaghari Feeder of Thimi substation. The voltage drops and power loss before and after installing the capacitor were compared for the system under test in this work. The result showed better voltage profiles and power losses of the distribution system can be improved by using the proposed method and it can be a benefit to the distribution networks.

scholarly journals Secondary Voltage Control Application in a Smart Grid with 100% Renewables

Inventions ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Omar H. Abdalla ◽  
Hady H. Fayek ◽  
A. M. Abdel Ghany
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Power Flow ◽  
Reactive Power ◽  
Short Circuit ◽  
Voltage Control ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Optimal Placement ◽  
Total Power ◽  
Voltage Profile ◽  
Power Losses ◽  
Secondary Voltage

This paper presents secondary voltage control by extracting reactive power from renewable power technologies to control load buses voltage in a power system at different operating conditions. The study is performed on a 100% renewable 14-bus system. Active and reactive powers controls are considered based on grid codes of countries with high penetration levels of renewable energy technologies. A pilot bus is selected in order to implement the secondary voltage control. The selection is based on short-circuit calculation and sensitivity analysis. An optimal Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) voltage controller is designed using genetic algorithm. A comparison between system with and without secondary voltage control is presented in terms of voltage profile and total power losses. The optimal voltage magnitudes at busbars are calculated to achieve minimum power losses using optimal power flow. The optimal placement of Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs) is performed in order to measure the voltage magnitude of buses with minimum cost. Optimization and simulation processes are performed using DIgSILENT and MATLAB software applications.

Analysis on Unbalance Protection of SCB

2013 ◽  
Vol 341-342 ◽  
pp. 1423-1428
Author(s):  
Xiao Ping Xiong ◽  
Jing Jie Hu ◽  
Qiang Fu
Keyword(s):  
Power System ◽  
Reactive Power ◽  
Simulation Analysis ◽  
Capacitor Bank ◽  
Relay Protection ◽  
Reactive Power Compensation ◽  
Single Star ◽  
Capacitor Banks ◽  
Shunt Capacitor ◽  
Theory Calculation

Shunt capacitor is a main measure to reactive power compensation of power system, which has the advantages of flexibility and economy. In order to guarantee the safety of shunt capacitor, the methods for protecting against over-voltage, under-voltage, over-current and unbalance in circuits according to the different operation modes are used. This paper in detail introduces unbalance protection ways under different connection modes of capacitor group. It is analyzed and calculated that the unbalanced current and voltage with the effects of fault capacitor units, components and fuses on capacitor bank as well through a case of unbalance computation of shunt capacitor banks (SCB) of ungrounded single star with external fuse. It is indicated by PSCAD simulation analysis that the result of theory calculation is the same as the simulation, which provides theory basis of setting the tripping point and alarm point of relay protection.

scholarly journals Location and optimal sizing of photovoltaic sources in an isolated mini-grid

TecnoLógicas ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (44) ◽  
pp. 61-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana Jiménez ◽  
John E. Cardona ◽  
Sandra X. Carvajal
Keyword(s):  
Electric Power ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Programming Model ◽  
Irradiation Time ◽  
Optimal Solution ◽  
Solar Irradiation ◽  
Mixed Integer ◽  
Voltage Profile ◽  
Power Losses ◽  
Photovoltaic Generators

This article introduces a new mixed integer linear programming model that guarantees the optimal solution to the location and sizing problem of distributed photovoltaic generators in an isolated mini-grid. The solar radiation curves of each node in the mini-grids were considered, and the main objective was to minimize electric power losses in the operation of the system. The model is non-linear in nature because some restrictions are not linear. However, this article proposes the use of linearization techniques to obtain a linear model with a global optimal solution, which can be achieved through commercial solvers; CPLEX in this case. The proposed model was tested in an isolated 14-bus mini-grid, based on real data of topology, demand and generation adapted to a balanced operation. This model shows, as a result, the optimal location of photovoltaic generators and their optimal capacity produced by the maximum active power delivered at the maximum solar irradiation time of the region. It is also evident that the hybrid operation between small hydroelectric power plants and photovoltaic generation improves the network voltage profile and the electric power losses without the use power storage systems.

scholarly journals Loss Minimization of Power Distribution Network using Different Types of Distributed Generation Unit

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 918
Author(s):  
Su Hlaing Win ◽  
Pyone Lai Swe
Keyword(s):  
Power System ◽  
Distributed Generation ◽  
Radial Distribution ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Reactive Power ◽  
Distribution Network ◽  
Loss Reduction ◽  
Voltage Profile ◽  
Optimum Location ◽  
Power Losses

A Radial Distribution network is important in power system area because of its simple design and reduced cost. Reduction of system losses and improvement of voltage profile is one of the key aspects in power system operation. Distributed generators are beneficial in reducing losses effectively in distribution systems as compared to other methods of loss reduction. Sizing and location of DG sources places an important role in reducing losses in distribution network. Four types of DG are considered in this paper with one DG installed for minimize the total real and reactive power losses. The objective of this methodology is to calculate size and to identify the corresponding optimum location for DG placement for minimizing the total real and reactive power losses and to improve voltage profile   in primary distribution system. It can obtain maximum loss reduction for each of four types of optimally placed DGs. Optimal sizing of Distributed Generation can be calculated using exact loss formula and an efficient approach is used to determine the optimum location for Distributed Generation Placement.  To demonstrate the performance of the proposed approach 36-bus radial distribution system in Belin Substation in Myanmar was tested and validated with different sizes and the result was discussed.

scholarly journals Siting and Sizing of DG in Medium Primary Radial Distribution System with Enhanced Voltage Stability

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanjay Jain ◽  
Ganga Agnihotri ◽  
Shilpa Kalambe ◽  
Renuka Kamdar
Keyword(s):  
Distributed Generation ◽  
Radial Distribution ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Voltage Stability ◽  
Reactive Power ◽  
Voltage Profile ◽  
Power Losses ◽  
Radial Distribution System ◽  
Power Loss Reduction ◽  
The Impact

This paper intends to enumerate the impact of distributed generation (DG) on distribution system in terms of active as well as reactive power loss reduction and improved voltage stability. The novelty of the method proposed in this paper is the simple and effective way of sizing and siting of DG in a distribution system by using two-port Z-bus parameters. The validity of the method is verified by comparing the results with already published methods. Comparative study presented has shown that the proposed method leads existing methods in terms of its simplicity, undemanding calculation procedures, and less computational efforts and so does the time. The method is implemented on IEEE 69-bus test radial distribution system and results show significant reduction in distribution power losses with improved voltage profile of the system. Simulation is carried out in MATLAB environment for execution of the proposed algorithm.

Optimal Location of Distributed Generation and its Impacts on Voltage Stability

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 504
Author(s):  
Manoj Kumar Nigam ◽  
V.K. Sethi
Keyword(s):  
Distributed Generation ◽  
Reactive Power ◽  
Optimal Location ◽  
Voltage Profile ◽  
Power Losses ◽  
Compensation Methods ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
Generation Unit ◽  
Bus System

<p>Distributed generation (DG) technology is based on the renewable sources of energy. Now a day’s distributed generation plays an important role of power generation utilities to fulfill the increasing demand of power at the costumer’s site. A distributed generation is the small generation unit with capacity varying from kW (kilowatt) to few MW (megawatt). The main aim of this paper is to find the solution for optimal location of connecting DG and also the disturbances in the voltage fluctuations responds to imperfection of connecting DG. A test network of IEEE-30 bus system has been simulated using PSAT 2.1.7. The compensation methods have also been developed for filtering out the disturbances caused by the DG connection. The disturbance in the voltage profile is improved by minimizing the real and reactive power losses with the help of STATCOM. The proposed approach IEEE-30-bus system was tested and the result was discussed.</p>

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