scholarly journals Effects of Inter-Element Spacing and Number of Elements on Planar Array Antenna Characteristics

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 230
Author(s):  
Noor Hidayah Muhamad Adnan ◽  
Islam Md. Rafiqul ◽  
AHM Zahirul Alam
Keyword(s):  
Massive Mimo ◽  
Lower Half ◽  
Array Antenna ◽  
Antenna Design ◽  
Main Lobe ◽  
5G Networks ◽  
Innovative Solutions ◽  
Planar Array ◽  
Half Power ◽  
Antenna Characteristics

<p>Planar array antenna is seen as one of the innovative solutions of massive MIMO and 5G networks since they provide directive beams. In this paper, planar array antenna with square and rectangular arrangements based on 2 x 2 antenna elements as one subarray was proposed. Then, array factor for the the planar array antenna with up to 64 antenna elements was calculated to analyze the effects of inter-element spacing and number of elements on the antenna characteristics. Higher values of inter-element spacing contributed to higher number of side lobes, narrower main lobe, higher directivity and lower half power beamwidth (HPBW). Inter-element spacing equals to 0.5λ was found to be the most suitable value for planar array antenna design based on the analysis. Meanwhile, higher number of antenna elements increased the value of directivity of the planar array with narrower HPBW. Therefore, there is a tradeoff between directivity and HPBW in designing planar array antenna for massive MIMO application.       </p><p> </p>

scholarly journals Array Antenna Design for Passive Coherent Location Systems with Non-Uniform Array Configurations

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 176-182
Author(s):  
Doyoung Jang ◽  
Jun Hur ◽  
Hongsuk Shim ◽  
Junsik Park ◽  
Chihyun Cho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antenna Array ◽  
Target Detection ◽  
Side Lobe ◽  
Detection Performance ◽  
Array Antenna ◽  
Antenna Design ◽  
Circular Array ◽  
Uniform Array ◽  
Location Systems ◽  
Antenna Characteristics

This study investigates non-uniform array configurations to maximize the beamforming performance of passive coherent location (PCL) systems. The proposed array consists of eight dipole elements that are divided into two groups with different distances from the array center. This double-layered non-uniform configuration is designed considering the array antenna characteristics (peak-to-side lobe ratio, first null bandwidth, null width, and null depth). The resulting antenna array can provide more appropriate patterns for PCL systems than a conventional uniform circular array. The target detection performance of the proposed array in PCL systems is tested in a certain scenario. The results demonstrate that the proposed antenna in PCL systems can detect the target with Doppler and range errors of 1 Hz and 1.2 km, respectively, in a given situation.

scholarly journals Stochastic Dosimetry Assessment of the Human RF-EMF Exposure to 3D Beamforming Antennas in indoor 5G Networks

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 1751
Author(s):  
Marta Bonato ◽  
Laura Dossi ◽  
Emma Chiaramello ◽  
Serena Fiocchi ◽  
Gabriella Tognola ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Access Point ◽  
Array Antenna ◽  
5G Networks ◽  
High Exposure ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Beamforming Antennas ◽  
Planar Array ◽  
Exposure Levels ◽  
3D Beamforming ◽  
Near Future

The deployment of near future 5G networks will introduce modifications in the population’s exposure levels to radio-frequency electromagnetic fields (RF-EMFs). The present work aimed to face the challenge of studying the exposure variability in the presence of an access point (AP) at 3.7 GHz with 64 patch elements uniform planar array antenna and 3D beamforming capability. The novelty introduced in the methodology of the exposure’s evaluation was the combining of traditional computational methods with a new approach based on stochastic dosimetry, called polynomial chaos kriging method, in order to estimate the exposure levels for 1000 different antenna beamforming patterns with low computational efforts. The simulations were evaluated considering a child model and computing the specific absorption rate (SAR) in different tissues. The analysis of the results highlighted a high exposure variability scenario depending on the beamforming patterns of the array antenna and identified the ranges of elevation and azimuth angles of the main antenna beam that may cause the highest levels of exposure.

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