Deep data-mining methods of fault signal in large-scale communication system are researched. Although with the characteristic of frequency uniformity as signals distribute in each reaction zone, common method of fault signal detection based on shortwave dispersing is invalid employing in large-scale communication system, which presents the absence or instability of fault signal. For this reason, a method based on particle swarm optimization is proposed for fault signal detection in large-scale communication system. As reaction speed and activity scope within the whole particle swarm are replaced, accurate results are achieved. Taking particle swarm optimization, it is detected that whether there is a fault in communication systems. The experimental results show that proposed method in signal fault detection process can greatly increase accuracy of signal fault detection, as plays a greater role in future.