scholarly journals Mammals of Tengchong Section of Gaoligongshan National Nature Reserve in Yunnan Province, China

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 14402-14414 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fei Li ◽  
Xiang-Yuan Huang ◽  
Xing-Chao Zhang ◽  
Xing-Xi Zhao ◽  
Jian-Huan Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Yunnan Province ◽  
Nature Reserve ◽  
Black Bear ◽  
Iucn Red List ◽  
Livestock Grazing ◽  
Mammal Species ◽  
Field Surveys ◽  
Asiatic Black Bear ◽  
National Nature Reserve ◽  
Low Altitude

We conducted field surveys on the mammalian diversity in the Tengchong Section of Gaoligongshan National Nature Reserve in Yunnan Province, China, using camera trap and transect method between April 2014 and May 2018.  A total of 46 identifiable mammal species were recorded, including one new record for China and nine new species for the Tengchong County.  Of the 46 species, nine are globally threatened (three Endangered and six Vulnerable) and six are Near Threatened on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.  Species richness of most mammal groups in Tengchong remains high compared to similar sites in neighbouring countries; however, encounter rates for species vulnerable to high hunting pressures were quite low and large carnivores, except the Asiatic Black Bear, were either extirpated or at critically low numbers.  Future surveys should cover a wider elevation range and a variety of microhabitats to increase the probability of detecting the species not yet recorded.  To enhance the conservation value of the reserve for the diverse mammalian community, poaching and livestock grazing should be further controlled; in addition, protection and restoration of low-altitude forests should be encouraged.  Monitoring and research on selected flagship species should also be conducted.

scholarly journals Introduction to a four-year biodiversity survey of Tengchong Section of Gaoligongshan National Nature Reserve, in the footsteps of pioneering naturalists in western Yunnan, China

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 14391-14401 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bosco Pui Lok Chan ◽  
Zeng Bi ◽  
Shao-Zhong Duan
Keyword(s):  
Yunnan Province ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Nature Reserve ◽  
Habitat Degradation ◽  
Mountain Range ◽  
Biodiversity Survey ◽  
Field Surveys ◽  
National Nature Reserve ◽  
Western Yunnan ◽  
History Of

The Gaoligongshan Mountains in Yunnan Province, southwestern China, is one of the biologically richest areas on Earth.  In 2014, we launched a four-year biodiversity survey in the Tengchong Section of Gaoligongshan National Nature Reserve and its immediate vicinity, aiming to update the current diversity, distribution, and status of the mammals, birds, herpetofauna, freshwater fishes, and butterflies on which we have expertise.  Despite the intensity of earlier scientific explorations, our survey resulted in the discoveries of a new genus, a number of new species, genera and species new to China, Gaoligongshan, or Tengchong County, and updated the altitude limits for some species.  Species richness of mammalian and avian fauna, the two groups most susceptible to habitat loss and hunting, remains remarkably high, but past impacts of hunting and habitat degradation were in evidence.  Our results clearly illustrate the immense conservation value of this mountain range and the necessity for more in-depth, focused biodiversity field surveys.  This monograph summarizes our findings, and this chapter gives an overview of the geography, climate, vegetation, and ecology of Tengchong, a history of earlier and present biodiversity explorations, and conservation recommendations based on our findings.  

scholarly journals Impacts of livestock grazing, topography and vegetation on distribution of wildlife in Wanglang National Nature Reserve, China

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
pp. e00726
Author(s):  
Cheng Tian ◽  
Pei-Chun Liao ◽  
Buddhi Dayananda ◽  
Yu-Yang Zhang ◽  
Zheng-Xiao Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nature Reserve ◽  
Livestock Grazing ◽  
National Nature Reserve

A preliminary report on butterfly fauna (Insecta: Lepidoptera) of Tengchong Section of Gaoligongshan National Nature Reserve, China

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 14452-14470 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yik Fui Philip Lo ◽  
Zheng Bi
Keyword(s):  
Preliminary Report ◽  
Nature Reserve ◽  
New Records ◽  
Butterfly Species ◽  
Nomen Nudum ◽  
Field Surveys ◽  
National Nature Reserve ◽  
Western Yunnan ◽  
Butterfly Fauna

The butterfly fauna of Tengchong Section of Gaoligongshan National Nature Reserve, western Yunnan, China was investigated during a series of field surveys conducted between April 2014 and May 2018.  A total of 216 butterfly species were recorded (Hesperiidae 41, Papilionidae 20, Pieridae 21, Lycaenidae 45, and Nymphalidae 89), of which 179 represent new records for Tengchong.  Significant findings include paratype materials of a recently described genus and a subspecies, respectively, as well as three national and five provincial new records.  Several obscure species were rediscovered during the survey, including two taxa that have not been recorded since their descriptions, Celaenorrhinus morena Evans, 1949 and Thoressa pedla pedla (Evans, 1956).  The result of the survey is presented herein with notes on some little-known species. Additionally, past records on Tengchong butterfly fauna were reviewed and a name is treated as nomen nudum. 

scholarly journals Mammals of the Bhagirathi basin, Western Himalaya: understanding distribution along spatial gradients of habitats and disturbances

Oryx ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Ranjana Pal ◽  
Shagun Thakur ◽  
Shashank Arya ◽  
Tapajit Bhattacharya ◽  
Sambandam Sathyakumar
Keyword(s):  
Anthropogenic Impacts ◽  
Brown Bear ◽  
Black Bear ◽  
Lynx Lynx ◽  
Panthera Tigris ◽  
Anthropogenic Pressures ◽  
Mammal Species ◽  
Eurasian Lynx ◽  
Asiatic Black Bear ◽  
Cuon Alpinus

Abstract Understanding the distribution of wildlife species and their response to diverse anthropogenic pressures is important for conservation planning and management of wildlife space in human-dominated landscapes. Assessments of anthropogenic impacts on mammals of the Indian Himalayan Region have mostly been limited to locations inside protected areas. We studied the occurrence of mammals in an unexplored landscape, the 7,586 km2 Bhagirathi basin, at an altitude of 500–5,200 m. The basin encompasses wilderness areas of various habitat types and protection status that are exposed to a range of anthropogenic pressures. Camera trapping at 209 locations during October 2015–September 2017 confirmed the occurrence of 39 species of mammals, nine of which are categorized as threatened (four Vulnerable, five Endangered) and four as Near Threatened on the IUCN Red List. We recorded five mammal species that were hitherto undocumented in Uttarakhand State: the argali Ovis ammon, Tibetan sand fox Vulpes ferrilata, woolly hare Lepus oiostolus, Eurasian lynx Lynx lynx and woolly flying squirrel Eupetaurus cinereus. In addition, we recorded two Endangered species, the dhole Cuon alpinus and tiger Panthera tigris. Threatened species such as the sambar Rusa unicolor, common leopard Panthera pardus and Asiatic black bear Ursus thibetanus occur in a wide variety of habitats despite anthropogenic disturbance. We recorded the snow leopard Panthera uncia in areas with high livestock density but temporally segregated from human activities. The musk deer Moschus spp. and Himalayan brown bear Ursus arctos isabellinus were recorded in subalpine habitats and appeared to be less affected by human and livestock presence. Our findings highlight the potential of the Bhagirathi basin as a stronghold for conservation of several threatened and rare mammal species.

scholarly journals Distribution, habitat and status of the new species Nonggang Babbler Stachyris nonggangensis

2013 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 437-444 ◽  
Author(s):  
LI ZHAOTIAN ◽  
ZHOU FANG ◽  
LU ZHOU ◽  
JIANG AIWU ◽  
YANG GANG ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Population Size ◽  
Yunnan Province ◽  
Nature Reserve ◽  
Type Specimen ◽  
Iucn Red List ◽  
Border Region ◽  
Global Population ◽  
A New Species ◽  
Near Threatened

SummaryThe Nonggang Babbler Stachyris nonggangensisis a new species of Timaliidae which was discovered in the Sino-Vietnamese border region in 2008. The species was initially classified as “Near Threatened” on the IUCN Red List and was believed to occur only in Nonggang Nature Reserve, where the type specimen was collected and where c.200 individuals were recorded. These few observations, and suggestions of a declining population, prompted us to initiate an extensive survey over the whole potential distribution range of this species in China from June 2009 to May 2011, during both dry and wet seasons. We conducted the survey in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Yunnan Province and selected 19 reserves and forest areas where similar habitat to that in the Nonggang Reserve is known to occur. We used transects combined with playback to survey for this species. Nonggang Babbler was recorded at four new sites in the Sino-Vietnamese border region: two areas of the Nonggang Reserve (Nonggang and Longhu), Bangliang Gibbon Nature Reserve and Chunxiu Nature Reserve. The estimated population size of Nonggang Babbler was about 1,300 individuals in the four sites. Nonggang Babbler is also assumed to occur in the Trung Khanh Gibbon Reserve of Vietnam which adjoins Bangliang Gibbon Reserve. The estimated population in Trung Khanh is c.200 individuals. In total we estimate that the global population size of Nonggang Babbler is c.1,500 individuals. The Nonggang Babbler is restricted to karst forests, and its activities, foraging and nesting strictly rely on this habitat. Habitat loss and fragmentation are the main threats.

scholarly journals Hair cortisol analyses in different mammal species: choosing the wrong assay may lead to erroneous results

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarina Jewgenow ◽  
Alexandre Azevedo ◽  
Mareen Albrecht ◽  
Clemens Kirschbaum ◽  
Martin Dehnhard
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Black Bear ◽  
Spotted Hyena ◽  
Mammal Species ◽  
Worst Case ◽  
Asiatic Black Bear ◽  
Adrenocortical Activity ◽  
Alpine Marmot ◽  
Hormone Analysis

Abstract Wild animals are faced with a broad range of environmental stressors and research is needed to better understand their effect on populations. Hormone analysis based on enzyme immunoassays (EIAs) can provide valuable information on adrenocortical activity (stress), and assessment of cortisol in hair may allow the quantification of cortisol production. To validate hair hormone analysis, we compared two EIAs based on antibodies against cortisol-3-CMO-BSA and cortisol-21-HS-BSA for hair glucocorticoid (hGC) measurements in Egyptian mongoose, Iberian lynx, Alpine marmot, Asiatic black bear, spotted hyena and cheetah, with results obtained by liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) measurements. Both EIAs were also characterized by HPLC immunograms. Our results revealed that the cortisol-21-HS EIA measured 2.3- to 12-fold higher hGC concentrations than the cortisol-3-CMO assay. In dependence of the species, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) immunograms showed that up to 70% of immunoreactivities determined by the cortisol-21-HS constituted of unknown unpolar compounds leading to an overestimation of hGC. The cortisol-3-CMO EIA expressed a better specificity, with 32.1–67.4% of immunoreactivity represented by cortisol and cortisone. The LC-MS/MS analyses (gold standard) revealed that the cortisol-3-CMO EIA also resulted in an (up to 3-fold) overestimation of hGC, but EIA results were correlated with LC-MS/MS in the mongoose, the lynx, the spotted hyena and the marmot. No correlation was obtained for Asiatic black bears. As a result of our study, we strongly recommend to test any cortisol EIA for its specificity towards extracted hair components. In all analyzed species, except the Asiatic black bear, cortisone and cortisol were simultaneously present in hair extracts; consequently, an appropriate EIA should cross-react to these two glucocorticoid hormones and express negligible affinity towards substances with less polarity than corticosterone. Choosing the wrong EIA for hGC analyses may lead to overestimations of hGC or—in the worst case—to results that do not mirror real adrenocortical activity.

scholarly journals Habitat selection by Asiatic black bear (Ursus thibetanus) in Siran and Kaghan Valleys, Pakistan

2023 ◽  
Vol 83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Ullah ◽  
S. Mahmood ◽  
Z. Iqbal ◽  
J. Khan ◽  
N. Akhtar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Black Bear ◽  
Habitat Destruction ◽  
Coniferous Forests ◽  
Encounter Rate ◽  
Line Transect ◽  
Coniferous Species ◽  
Field Surveys ◽  
Asiatic Black Bear ◽  
Food Protection ◽  
Highly Sensitive

Abstract Asiatic black bear is present in variety of habitats like broad-leaves and coniferous forests, extending form sea level to 4300m elevation and change their habitat for food purpose seasonally. The present study was conducted at Kaghan and Siran Valleys, District Mansehra, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan to assess habitat of black bear. Line transect method was used for observation of bear signs. Twelve meter circular radius plots were selected for the concern vegetation’s i.e. (trees, shrubs and herbs) and three to six plots were placed in each transect. At the result of sign survey, thirteen different categories of bear signs were recorded and encounter rate was calculated for each sign. A total of 1858 signs were observed during field surveys. Total (81%) coniferous species were recoded among trees, with the highest appearance of Pinus wallichiana (34.22%) and Spruce spp (27.76%), similarly broad leaves trees (18.56%) were also recoded from habitat plots. Most of the signs were encountered in bushy areas, whereas high number of Viburnum Spp (60.29%) was present. It is indicated that black bear prefers blend of Coniferous Trees, Viburnum and Ferns Species; probably because these plants provide enough food, protection, and meticulous shelter because more than 80% of habitat composed of these three species. Currently habitat destruction and increase in human population are the up-growing issues for wild animals (especially Asiatic black bear), which is highly sensitive to such problems. High levels of conservation efforts are recommended for the protection of black bear habitat and to avoid human interference in their territory.

scholarly journals First report of Thelazia callipaeda infection in Phortica okadai and wildlife in national nature reserves, China

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yipeng Jin ◽  
Zichen Liu ◽  
Jiaqi Wei ◽  
Yifan Wen ◽  
Nianjun He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Giant Panda ◽  
Nature Reserve ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Black Bear ◽  
Nature Reserves ◽  
Thelazia Callipaeda ◽  
First Report ◽  
Transmission Cycle ◽  
National Nature Reserve ◽  
Specific Pcr

Abstract Background: Thelazia callipaeda is a zoonotic parasitic nematode of the family Thelaziidae, with Phortica okadai as the intermediate host and the only confirmed vector in China. China has the largest number of cases of thelaziosis in humans of the world. It is generally believed that domestic animals (dogs and cats) are the most important reservoir hosts of Thelazia callipaeda and directly threaten humans. At present, there is not much research and attention on the role of wildlife in the transmission cycle of thelaziosis in wildlife nature reserves.Methods: During 2016-2019, we selected four wildlife national nature reserve across the country as monitoring points for Phortica okadai and wildlife, and we chose to use fly-trap method for monitoring Phortica okadai density. Morphological analysis of the parasites collected from the conjunctival sac of the wildlife was taken as the first step, and a specific PCR was used for exact confirmation.Results: In 2019, the density of Phortica okadai in Foping National Nature Reserve of China, increased sharply and infected Phortica okadai were newly found in wildlife nature reserves. Wild giant panda, wild boar, leopard cat, and black bear were newly found to be infected by Thelazia callipaeda (one animal of each species). A total of four worms were collected and one worm was collected from each animals. The morphologic characteristics of the four worms led to their identification as Thelazia callipaeda, which was molecularly confirmed by a specific PCR amplification.Conclusions: This is the first report of Phortica okadai as well as a variety of wildlife including wild giant panda infected by Thelazia callipaeda in wildlife nature reserves in China. This indicates that there has been a transmission cycle of thelaziosis among wildlife in wildlife nature reserves. The increasing number of case reports in wildlife suggests the likely risk of infection of Thelazia callipaeda in villagers around wildlife nature reserves.

Changes in rangeland cover associated with livestock grazing in Altun National Nature Reserve, northwest Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau

2015 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xukun Su ◽  
Shikui Dong ◽  
Shiliang Liu ◽  
Yu Wu ◽  
Haidi Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Nature Reserve ◽  
Vegetation Type ◽  
Livestock Grazing ◽  
National Nature Reserve ◽  
Northern Edge ◽  
Grazing Area ◽  
Inspection Station ◽  
Aggregation Analysis ◽  
Land Use And Cover

The Altun National Nature Reserve, located on the northern edge of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau of China, is one of 35 most important biodiversity sites worldwide. Land-use and cover change are affecting this alpine ecosystem. A supervised classification was used to classify types containing meadow, steppe, sparse rangeland, and non-rangeland environments based on Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) imagery data. By conducting an aggregation analysis using a Geographic Information System an analysis of changes from 1990 to 2010 was conducted. The results demonstrated that sparse rangeland was the most widespread vegetation type and underwent significant changes over the period. The area of sparse rangeland increased by 64.4 km2 from 1990 to 1995 and by 49.3 km2 from 1995 to 2000. However, the area of sparse rangeland decreased by 99.2 km2 from 2000 to 2005 and by 247.4 km2 from 2005 to 2010. The major areas of change were primarily located in the vicinities of the Yishakipati central inspection station, the Kardun inspection station, and Ayakkum, Aqqikkol and Jingyu Lakes. There was a positive correlation between the change in area of sparse rangeland and the amount of livestock grazing. The change in non-rangeland was significantly negatively correlated with the amount of livestock grazing during the period in the grazing area. Appropriate livestock grazing may be essential for promoting the resilience of the predominant ecosystems and key habitats of wildlife in the Altun National Nature Reserve.

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