Abstract 3313: Smoking Abolishes Ischemic Preconditioning-Induced Augmentation of Endothelium-Dependent Vasodilation: Role of Endothelium-Derived Nitric Oxide and Circulating Endothelial Progenitor Cells

Background: Several studies have shown that both early and late effects of ischemic preconditioning (IPC) protect against myocardial injury following ischemic reperfusion. Recently, we have shown that repetition of IPC stimulus augments endothelium-dependent vasodilation in forearm circulation of healthy subjects through increases in nitric oxide (NO) production and number of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) under a local condition. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the late effects of IPC on endothelial function in smokers. Methods and Results: Late phase of IPC was induced by upper limb ischemia (cuff inflation of over 200 mmHg for 5 minutes) six times a day for one month. We evaluated forearm blood flow (FBF) responses to acetylcholine (ACh) and to sodium nitroprusside (SNP) before and after IPC stimulus in 15 male smokers (27±7 yr) and 15 male non-smokers (26±5 yr). FBF was measured using a strain-gauge plethysmography. The IPC stimulus significantly increased plasma concentration of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) from 84.7±10.6 to 120.3±13.5 pg/mL (P<0.05), circulating level of EPCs from 1258±198 to 1608±183 cells/mL (P<0.05) and FBF responses to ACh from 17.3±4.9 to 24.8±6.9 mL/min/100 mL tissue (P<0.05) in non-smokers, but these did not change in the smoker group. The FBF responses to SNP were similar before and after the IPC stimulus. Infusion of N G -monomethyl-L-arginine, a NO synthase inhibitor, completely eliminated the IPC stimulus-induced augmentation of FBF responses to ACh in non-smokers. Conclusions: These findings suggest that repetition of IPC stimulus may be a simple, safe, and feasible therapeutic technique for endothelial protection of peripheral vessels. However, smoking abolishes repetition of IPC stimulus-induced augmentation of endothelium-dependent vasodilation.

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Rejuvenated Circulating Endothelial Progenitor Cells and Nitric Oxide in Premenopausal Women with Hyperhomocysteinemia

Cardiology Research and Practice ◽

10.1155/2020/5010243 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

Long Peng ◽

Qianlin Gu ◽

Zhenhua Huang ◽

Lijin Zeng ◽

Chang Chu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nitric Oxide ◽

Endothelial Function ◽

Progenitor Cells ◽

Endothelial Progenitor Cells ◽

Premenopausal Women ◽

Underlying Mechanism ◽

No Production ◽

Endothelial Progenitor ◽

Repair Capacity ◽

Circulating Endothelial Progenitor Cells

Hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) induced endothelial dysfunction is associated with disturbance in circulating endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs). Nevertheless, whether this unfavorable effect of HHcy on circulating EPCs also exists in premenopausal women is still unknown. Therefore, this leaves an area for the investigation of the difference on the number and activity of circulating EPCs in premenopausal women with hyperhomocysteinemia and its underlying mechanism. The number of circulating EPCs was measured by fluorescence-activated cell sorter analysis, as well as DiI-acLDL and lectin fluorescent staining. The migration and proliferation of circulating were evaluated by the Transwell chamber assay and MTT. Additionally, the endothelial function and levels of nitric oxide (NO), VEGF, and GM-CSF in plasma and culture medium were determined. The number or activity of circulating EPCs and flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) in premenopausal women with or without HHcy were higher than those in postmenopausal women. However, no significant effect of HHcy on the number or activity of circulating EPCs in premenopausal women was observed. A similar alteration in NO level between the four groups was observed. There was a correlation between FMD and the number or activity of EPCs, as well as NO level in plasma or secretion by EPCs. For the first time, our findings illuminated the quantitive or qualitative alterations of circulating EPCs and endothelial function in premenopausal patients with HHcy are preserved, which was associated with retained NO production. The recuperated endothelial repair capacity is possibly the potential mechanism interpreting cardiovascular protection in premenopausal women with HHcy.

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Dynamics of mobilization and homing of endothelial progenitor cells after acute renal ischemia: modulation by ischemic preconditioning

AJP Renal Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajprenal.00454.2005 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 291 (1) ◽

pp. F176-F185 ◽

Cited By ~ 110

Author(s):

Daniel Patschan ◽

Krystina Krupincza ◽

Susann Patschan ◽

Zhongtao Zhang ◽

Carl Hamby ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Progenitor Cells ◽

Endothelial Progenitor Cells ◽

Ischemic Preconditioning ◽

Fluorescent Protein ◽

Late Phase ◽

Immunohistochemical Analysis ◽

Renal Ischemia ◽

Endothelial Progenitor ◽

Ischemic Episode ◽

Acute Renal Ischemia

Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) have been shown to participate in tissue repair under diverse physiological and pathological conditions. It is unknown whether EPCs are mobilized in response to acute renal injury. The aim of this study was to characterize EPC mobilization and homing in the course of acute renal ischemia. Mice were subjected to unilateral renal artery clamping (UC) for 25 min. At 10 min, 3, 6, 24 h, and 7 days after UC, the pool of circulating and splenic CD34+/Flk-1+ cells within the monocytic population was detected by flow cytometry. For ischemic preconditioning (IPC), the first UC was performed 7 days before the repeated ischemic episode. For EPC detection in the kidney, cryosections were stained for c-Kit+/Tie-2+ cells. The number of circulating EPCs was not significantly affected at any time after UC compared with sham-operated or control mice. IPC did not significantly change the circulating pool of EPCs. Splenectomy performed before UC resulted in a surge of circulating EPCs. Accordingly, splenic EPCs were significantly increased after UC at 3 and 6 h, but not at later times. EPC homing to the spleen was absent in IPC animals. Immunohistochemical analysis of the kidneys showed a sixfold increase in the number of c-Kit+/Tie-2+ cells localized in the medullopapillary region in mice by day 7 after ischemia. Enriched population of c-Kit+/Tie-2+ cells from the medullopapillary parenchyma of Tie-2green fluorescent protein chimeric mice subjected to IPC was isolated and transplanted to wild-type mice with acute renal ischemia. This procedure resulted in the improvement of renal function in recipients. In conclusion, 1) renal ischemia rapidly (within 3–6 h) mobilizes EPCs, which transiently home to the spleen, acting as a temporary reservoir of mobilized EPCs; 2) the late phase of IPC is associated with the mobilization of the splenic pool and accumulation of EPCs in the renal medullopapillary region; and 3) transplantation of EPC-enriched cells from the medullopapillary parenchyma afforded partial renoprotection after renal ischemia, suggesting the role of the recruited EPCs in the functional rescue.

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Effects of Ischemic Preconditioning in the Late Phase on Homing of Endothelial Progenitor Cells in Renal Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury

Transplantation Proceedings ◽

10.1016/j.transproceed.2012.05.095 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 45 (2) ◽

pp. 511-516 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

C.-J. Bo ◽

B. Chen ◽

R.-P. Jia ◽

J.-G. Zhu ◽

P. Cao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Reperfusion Injury ◽

Progenitor Cells ◽

Endothelial Progenitor Cells ◽

Ischemic Preconditioning ◽

Ischemia Reperfusion Injury ◽

Ischemia Reperfusion ◽

Late Phase ◽

Renal Ischemia ◽

Endothelial Progenitor ◽

Renal Ischemia Reperfusion Injury

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Beneficial Impact of Moderate to Vigorous Physical Activity Program on Circulating Number and Functional Capacity of Endothelial Progenitor Cells in Children: The Crucial Role of Nitric Oxide and VEGF-A

Pediatric Exercise Science ◽

10.1123/pes.2018-0178 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 31 (3) ◽

pp. 322-329

Author(s):

Livia Victorino Souza ◽

Franciele De Meneck ◽

Vanessa Oliveira ◽

Elisa Mieko Higa ◽

Eliana Hiromi Akamine ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Nitric Oxide ◽

Progenitor Cells ◽

Endothelial Progenitor Cells ◽

Functional Capacity ◽

Vigorous Physical Activity ◽

Healthy Children ◽

Strong Positive Correlation ◽

Endothelial Progenitor ◽

Before And After

Purpose: Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) appear to interact with physical training. This study aimed to provide a comprehensive assessment of the relationship of moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) with both angiogenic factors and EPC function in healthy children. Methods: Forty children (22 boys and 18 girls) aged 7 to 11 years participated in a 10-week MVPA program (duration: 45 min; intensity: 75%–85% of heart rate reserve; frequency: 4 sessions/wk). The anthropometric data, biochemical profile, EPCs number, EPCs colony-forming units, and vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) and nitric oxide (NO) plasma levels were evaluated before and after the MVPA program. Results: After a 10-week MVPA program, a significant increase was detected in circulating/functional capacity of EPCs, NO, and VEGF-A levels, associated with improvement of waist circumference and estimated maximum rate of oxygen consumption (VO2max). A strong positive correlation was found between delta of EPCs number and variation of both NO level (r = .677, P < .001) and VEGF-A level (r = .588, P < .001). Furthermore, a significant correlation between NO level variation and delta of VEGF-A level was observed (r = .708, P < .001). Conclusion: Our findings suggest that lifestyle intervention implemented by MVPA program can contribute meaningfully to improve circulating/functional capacity of EPCs in healthy children, possibly due to the increase of plasma NO and VEGF-A levels.

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