Abstract P424: Prospective Associations of Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and Parathyroid Hormone with Arterial Function among Older Adults

Introduction: Low vitamin D and high parathyroid hormone (PTH) concentrations have been associated with higher risk of cardiovascular disease in the general population. The mechanisms by which lower 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) -an established marker of vitamin D status- and PTH excess may confer vascular risk remain largely unknown. Hypothesis: We tested the hypothesis whether lower 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) and higher parathyroid hormone (PTH) concentrations are individually, and in combination, associated with arterial function measures, both cross-sectionally and after 8 years of follow-up in older adults. Methods: We used data from the Hoorn Study a prospective population-based cohort in the Netherlands. We included 535 participants for cross-sectional analyses with baseline measurements obtained between 2000- 2001, and 291 participants for longitudinal analyses with follow-up measurements obtained between 2007-2009. Serum 25OHD and intact PTH concentrations were measured using immunoassays. Outcomes were carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity and augmentation index. We used multivariate linear regression analyses for season-and-sex specific 25OHD and PTH quartiles to calculate regression coefficients. Results: Mean age at baseline was 70±6.3 years, and 50% were female. Median 25OHD was 54.2 nmol/L (interquartile range: 26.2-82.2) and median PTH 6.1 pmol/L (3.8-8.4). Mean pulse wave velocity and augmentation index were 10.0±3.0 (m/s) and 20.7±8.2 (%), respectively. In cross-sectional analyses, the lowest 25OHD quartile compared with the highest was associated with greater pulse wave velocity; however, the associations attenuated after adjustments 0.6 (95% CI -0.1, 1.3). In longitudinal analyses, neither 25OHD nor PTH was associated with greater pulse wave velocity and augmentation index. The results of the combination of low 25OHD and high PTH revealed no significant associations with arterial function measures. Conclusions: Among older adults, serum 25OHD and PTH concentrations were not associated with arterial function measures. Cardiovascular risk associated with low 25OHD and high PTH may not be explained by arterial stiffening or wave reflections.

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Abstract P336: Diabetes and Impaired Fasting Glucose are Associated with Pulse Wave Velocity in Older Adults: the ARIC Study

Circulation ◽

10.1161/circ.129.suppl_1.p336 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 129 (suppl_1) ◽

Author(s):

Laura R Loehr ◽

Michelle Snyder ◽

Elizabeth Selvin ◽

Priya Palta ◽

James Pankow ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Arterial Stiffness ◽

Pulse Wave Velocity ◽

Wave Velocity ◽

Impaired Fasting Glucose ◽

Path Length ◽

Pulse Wave ◽

Fasting Glucose ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Aric Study

Introduction: Arterial stiffness measured by pulse wave velocity (PWV) predicts cardiovascular disease and mortality. Diabetes and impaired fasting glucose (IFG) have been related to arterial stiffness in smaller studies. We assessed whether diabetes and impaired fasting glucose are associated with greater arterial stiffness measured by PWV in older adults, and to evaluate gender as a modifier. Methods: PWV data on 5,147 men and women with mean age of 75.5 years (range 66-90) examined in 2011-2013 by the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study were analyzed. Diabetes was defined as fasting glucose >126 mg/dl or on hypoglycemic agents and IFG as non-diabetics with fasting glucose 100-125 mg/dl. Technicians measured carotid-femoral (cfPWV) and brachial-ankle (baPWV) velocities at least twice using the Omron VP-1000 plus system (Colin Co., Ltd., Komaki, Japan). The mean of the last two available measurements was used. The path length for cfPWV was calculated by: path length (cm) = carotid to femoral distance (cm) - (suprasternal notch - carotid distance (cm)). Path length for baPWV was automatically calculated using height-based formulas. Multivariable linear regression was used to model the cross-sectional association between diabetes status and PWV. The multivariable association of age categories with PWV was evaluated for comparison to the effect size of diabetes. Results: Participants were 57% female, 20% African-American, and 73% hypertensive. Among them 1,354 had diabetes (26%) and 2,295 (45%) had impaired fasting glucose. After adjustment for age, race-center, gender, heart rate, hypertension, BMI, and smoking status (current, former and never), cfPWV was 87 cm/s higher on average for those with diabetes, and 21 cm/s higher for those with IFG, as compared to those free of diabetes or IFG. In comparison, a 4 year increase in age (after multivariable adjustment) was associated with 64 cm/s higher cfPWV among non-smokers without diabetes. Estimates for baPWV were smaller than those for cfPWV but showed a similar pattern. There was no significant interaction by gender (P >0.1). Conclusion: Diabetes and impaired fasting glucose are both associated with arterial stiffness in older adults. We estimate that the magnitude of the cross-sectional effect of diabetes on arterial stiffness is equivalent to 4 years of arterial aging.

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Maternal arterial stiffness in pregnancies affected by preeclampsia

AJP Heart and Circulatory Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpheart.01106.2008 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 297 (2) ◽

pp. H759-H764 ◽

Cited By ~ 61

Author(s):

Christina Kaihura ◽

Makrina D. Savvidou ◽

James M. Anderson ◽

Carmel M. McEniery ◽

Kypros H. Nicolaides

Keyword(s):

Arterial Stiffness ◽

Pulse Wave Velocity ◽

Wave Velocity ◽

Wave Reflection ◽

Pulse Wave ◽

Augmentation Index ◽

Applanation Tonometry ◽

Control Group ◽

Arterial Tree ◽

Cross Sectional

Preeclampsia (PE) is characterized by an aberrant maternal cardiovascular adaptation to pregnancy and increased cardiovascular risk later on in life. The aim of this study was to compare the maternal wave reflections and arterial stiffness in women with established PE and those with normotensive pregnancies, after systematic adjustment for known confounders. This was a cross-sectional study involving 69 normotensive, pregnant women and 54 women with established PE. Maternal wave reflection (augmentation index) and pulse wave velocity of the carotid-radial and carotid-femoral parts of the arterial tree were assessed noninvasively using applanation tonometry. The measurements were adjusted for maternal age, heart rate, mean arterial pressure, and aortic time to wave reflection and expressed as multiples of the median (MoM) of the control group. In the PE group, compared with controls, there was an increase in the median pulse wave velocity of both the carotid to femoral [1.1, interquartile rage (IQR) 1.0–1.3 MoM vs. 0.9, IQR 0.9–1.0 MoM; P < 0.0001] and carotid to radial (1.0, IQR 0.9–1.1 MoM vs. 0.9, IQR 0.9–1.0 MoM; P = 0.01) parts of the arterial tree. In contrast, there were no significant differences between the two groups in the median augmentation index (0.9, IQR 0.7–1.1 MoM vs. 1.0, IQR 0.5–1.8 MoM; P = 0.46). In conclusion, we found that established PE is characterized by increased maternal arterial stiffness but not altered maternal wave reflection.

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Sympathetic neural modulation of arterial stiffness in humans

AJP Heart and Circulatory Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpheart.00734.2020 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 319 (6) ◽

pp. H1338-H1346

Author(s):

Massimo Nardone ◽

John S. Floras ◽

Philip J. Millar

Keyword(s):

Arterial Stiffness ◽

Pulse Wave Velocity ◽

Wave Velocity ◽

Pulse Wave ◽

Augmentation Index ◽

Muscle Sympathetic Nerve Activity ◽

Experimental Studies ◽

Large Artery ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Artery Stiffness

Elevated large-artery stiffness is recognized as an independent predictor of cardiovascular and all-cause mortality. The mechanisms responsible for such stiffening are incompletely understood. Several recent cross-sectional and acute experimental studies have examined whether sympathetic outflow, quantified by microneurographic measures of muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA), can modulate large-artery stiffness in humans. A major methodological challenge of this research has been the capacity to evaluate the independent neural contribution without influencing the dynamic blood pressure dependence of arterial stiffness. The focus of this review is to summarize the evidence examining 1) the relationship between resting MSNA and large-artery stiffness, as determined by carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity or pulse wave reflection characteristics (i.e., augmentation index) in men and women; 2) the effects of acute sympathoexcitatory or sympathoinhibitory maneuvers on carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity and augmentation index; and 3) the influence of sustained increases or decreases in sympathetic neurotransmitter release or circulating catecholamines on large-artery stiffness. The present results highlight the growing evidence that the sympathetic nervous system is capable of modulating arterial stiffness independent of prevailing hemodynamics and vasomotor tone.

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Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D status was associated with brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity and mortality among peritoneal dialysis patients

European Journal of Clinical Nutrition ◽

10.1038/s41430-020-00787-0 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Lailiang Wang ◽

Qun Luo ◽

Fangfang Zhou ◽

Beixia Zhu

Keyword(s):

Peritoneal Dialysis ◽

Pulse Wave Velocity ◽

Wave Velocity ◽

Pulse Wave ◽

Dialysis Patients ◽

Hydroxyvitamin D ◽

25 Hydroxyvitamin D

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Augmentation Index und Pulse Wave Velocity in Schwangerschaften mit Präeklampsie oder Gestationsdiabetes

Zeitschrift für Geburtshilfe und Neonatologie ◽

10.1055/s-2007-1002846 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 211 (S 2) ◽

Author(s):

B Schiessl ◽

M Burgmann ◽

V Sauer ◽

A Neubauer ◽

F Kainer ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pulse Wave Velocity ◽

Wave Velocity ◽

Pulse Wave ◽

Augmentation Index

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STRUCTURAL AND FUNCTIONAL VASCULAR CHANGES IN HIGH NORMAL ARTERIAL PRESSURE

BULGARIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY MEDICINE ◽

10.15547//tjs.2020.01.002 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 23 (1) ◽

pp. 7-11

Author(s):

P. Nikolov

Keyword(s):

Arterial Pressure ◽

Pulse Wave Velocity ◽

Wave Velocity ◽

Pulse Pressure ◽

Pulse Wave ◽

Augmentation Index ◽

Aortic Pressure ◽

Large Arteries ◽

Central Aortic Pressure ◽

Significant Difference

The PURPUSE of the present study is changes in function and structure of large arteries in individuals with High Normal Arterial Pressure (HNAP) to be established. MATERIAL and METHODS: Structural and functional changes in the large arteries were investigated in 80 individuals with HNAP and in 45 with optimal arterial pressure (OAP). In terms of arterial stiffness, pulse wave velocity (PWV), augmentation index (AI), central aortic pressure (CAP), pulse pressure (PP) were followed up in HNAP group. Intima media thickness (IMT), flow-induced vasodilatation (FMD), ankle-brachial index (ABI) were also studied. RESULTS: Significantly increased values of pulse wave velocity, augmentation index, central aortic pressure, pulse pressure are reported in the HNAP group. In terms of IMT and ABI, being in the reference interval, there is no significant difference between HNAP and OAP groups. The calculated cardiovascular risk (CVR) in both groups is low. CONCLUSION: Significantly higher values of pulse wave velocity, augmentation index, central aortic pressure and pulse pressure in the HNAP group are reported.

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Association Between White Blood Cell Counts and Brachial-Ankle Pulse Wave Velocity in Chinese Hypertensive Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study

Angiology ◽

10.1177/00033197211021199 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 000331972110211

Author(s):

Buyun Jia ◽

Chongfei Jiang ◽

Yun Song ◽

Chenfangyuan Duan ◽

Lishun Liu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Arterial Stiffness ◽

Blood Cell ◽

Pulse Wave Velocity ◽

Wave Velocity ◽

White Blood Cell ◽

Pulse Wave ◽

Final Analysis ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Cell Counts ◽

Wbc Count

Increased arterial stiffness is highly prevalent in patients with hypertension and is associated with cardiovascular (CV) risk. Increased white blood cell (WBC) counts may also be an independent risk factor for arterial stiffness and CV events. The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between differential WBC counts and brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) in hypertensive adults. A total of 14 390 participants were included in the final analysis. A multivariate linear regression model was applied for the correlation analysis of WBC count and baPWV. Higher WBC counts were associated with a greater baPWV: adjusted β = 10 (95% CI, 8-13, P < .001). The same significant association was also found when WBC count was assessed as categories or quartiles. In addition, the effect of differential WBC subtypes, including neutrophil count and lymphocyte count on baPWV, showed the similar results. These findings showed that baPWV has positive associations with differential WBC counts in hypertensive adults.

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