Sympathetic neural modulation of arterial stiffness in humans

2020 ◽  
Vol 319 (6) ◽  
pp. H1338-H1346
Author(s):  
Massimo Nardone ◽  
John S. Floras ◽  
Philip J. Millar
Keyword(s):  
Arterial Stiffness ◽  
Pulse Wave Velocity ◽  
Wave Velocity ◽  
Pulse Wave ◽  
Augmentation Index ◽  
Muscle Sympathetic Nerve Activity ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Large Artery ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Artery Stiffness

Elevated large-artery stiffness is recognized as an independent predictor of cardiovascular and all-cause mortality. The mechanisms responsible for such stiffening are incompletely understood. Several recent cross-sectional and acute experimental studies have examined whether sympathetic outflow, quantified by microneurographic measures of muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA), can modulate large-artery stiffness in humans. A major methodological challenge of this research has been the capacity to evaluate the independent neural contribution without influencing the dynamic blood pressure dependence of arterial stiffness. The focus of this review is to summarize the evidence examining 1) the relationship between resting MSNA and large-artery stiffness, as determined by carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity or pulse wave reflection characteristics (i.e., augmentation index) in men and women; 2) the effects of acute sympathoexcitatory or sympathoinhibitory maneuvers on carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity and augmentation index; and 3) the influence of sustained increases or decreases in sympathetic neurotransmitter release or circulating catecholamines on large-artery stiffness. The present results highlight the growing evidence that the sympathetic nervous system is capable of modulating arterial stiffness independent of prevailing hemodynamics and vasomotor tone.

Maternal arterial stiffness in pregnancies affected by preeclampsia

2009 ◽  
Vol 297 (2) ◽  
pp. H759-H764 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina Kaihura ◽  
Makrina D. Savvidou ◽  
James M. Anderson ◽  
Carmel M. McEniery ◽  
Kypros H. Nicolaides
Keyword(s):  
Arterial Stiffness ◽  
Pulse Wave Velocity ◽  
Wave Velocity ◽  
Wave Reflection ◽  
Pulse Wave ◽  
Augmentation Index ◽  
Applanation Tonometry ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Arterial Tree ◽  
Cross Sectional

Preeclampsia (PE) is characterized by an aberrant maternal cardiovascular adaptation to pregnancy and increased cardiovascular risk later on in life. The aim of this study was to compare the maternal wave reflections and arterial stiffness in women with established PE and those with normotensive pregnancies, after systematic adjustment for known confounders. This was a cross-sectional study involving 69 normotensive, pregnant women and 54 women with established PE. Maternal wave reflection (augmentation index) and pulse wave velocity of the carotid-radial and carotid-femoral parts of the arterial tree were assessed noninvasively using applanation tonometry. The measurements were adjusted for maternal age, heart rate, mean arterial pressure, and aortic time to wave reflection and expressed as multiples of the median (MoM) of the control group. In the PE group, compared with controls, there was an increase in the median pulse wave velocity of both the carotid to femoral [1.1, interquartile rage (IQR) 1.0–1.3 MoM vs. 0.9, IQR 0.9–1.0 MoM; P < 0.0001] and carotid to radial (1.0, IQR 0.9–1.1 MoM vs. 0.9, IQR 0.9–1.0 MoM; P = 0.01) parts of the arterial tree. In contrast, there were no significant differences between the two groups in the median augmentation index (0.9, IQR 0.7–1.1 MoM vs. 1.0, IQR 0.5–1.8 MoM; P = 0.46). In conclusion, we found that established PE is characterized by increased maternal arterial stiffness but not altered maternal wave reflection.

Association Between White Blood Cell Counts and Brachial-Ankle Pulse Wave Velocity in Chinese Hypertensive Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study

Angiology ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 000331972110211
Author(s):  
Buyun Jia ◽  
Chongfei Jiang ◽  
Yun Song ◽  
Chenfangyuan Duan ◽  
Lishun Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arterial Stiffness ◽  
Blood Cell ◽  
Pulse Wave Velocity ◽  
Wave Velocity ◽  
White Blood Cell ◽  
Pulse Wave ◽  
Final Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Wbc Count

Increased arterial stiffness is highly prevalent in patients with hypertension and is associated with cardiovascular (CV) risk. Increased white blood cell (WBC) counts may also be an independent risk factor for arterial stiffness and CV events. The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between differential WBC counts and brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) in hypertensive adults. A total of 14 390 participants were included in the final analysis. A multivariate linear regression model was applied for the correlation analysis of WBC count and baPWV. Higher WBC counts were associated with a greater baPWV: adjusted β = 10 (95% CI, 8-13, P < .001). The same significant association was also found when WBC count was assessed as categories or quartiles. In addition, the effect of differential WBC subtypes, including neutrophil count and lymphocyte count on baPWV, showed the similar results. These findings showed that baPWV has positive associations with differential WBC counts in hypertensive adults.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Arterial Stiffness Using Pulse Wave Velocity and Augmentation Index in Patients with Chronic Venous Insufficiency

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Mustafa Dogdus ◽  
Onur Akhan ◽  
Mehmet Ozyasar ◽  
Ahmet Yilmaz ◽  
Mehmet Sait Altintas
Keyword(s):  
Arterial Stiffness ◽  
Pulse Wave Velocity ◽  
Wave Velocity ◽  
Chronic Venous Insufficiency ◽  
Venous Insufficiency ◽  
Pulse Wave ◽  
Augmentation Index ◽  
Chronic Venous Disease ◽  
Venous Disease ◽  
High Morbidity

Background and Objectives. Chronic venous insufficiency (CVI) is a common pathology of the circulatory system and is associated with a high morbidity for the patients and causes high costs for the healthcare systems. Arterial stiffness has been shown to be a predictor of cardiovascular events and mortality. The relationship between CVI and arterial stiffness using pulse wave velocity (PWV) and augmentation index (Aix) was evaluated in this study. Methods. Sixty-two patients with the stage of C3-C5 chronic venous disease (CVD) and 48 healthy subjects were enrolled in the study. To assess arterial stiffness, all cases were evaluated with I.E.M. Mobil-O-Graph brand ambulatory blood pressure monitor device. PWV and Aix were used to assess arterial stiffness in this study. Results. The mean age was 61.9±11.05 years and 54 % of the patient population was females. PWV and Aix were significantly higher in CVI patients than controls (8.92±1.65 vs. 8.03±1.43, p=0.001; 25.51±8.14 vs. 20.15±9.49, p=0.003, respectively) and also positive linear correlation was observed between CVI and all measured arterial stiffness parameters (r=0.675 for CVI and PWV, r=0.659 for CVI and Aix, respectively). A PWV value of > 9.2 has 88.9 % sensitivity and 71.4 % specificity to predict the presence of CVI. Conclusions. PWV and Aix are the most commonly used, easy, reproducible, reliable methods in the clinic to assess arterial stiffness. Logistic regression analysis showed that PWV and Aix were the independent predictors of CVI. PWV has the sensitivity of 88.9 % and specificity of 71.4 % to detect the presence of CVI.

Volume status and arterial blood pressures are associated with arterial stiffness in hemodialysis patients

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 (7) ◽  
pp. 378-384 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alper Erdan ◽  
Abdullah Ozkok ◽  
Nadir Alpay ◽  
Vakur Akkaya ◽  
Alaattin Yildiz
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Arterial Stiffness ◽  
Pulse Wave Velocity ◽  
Wave Velocity ◽  
Pulse Pressure ◽  
Pulse Wave ◽  
Augmentation Index ◽  
Mean Blood Pressure ◽  
Aortic Blood ◽  
Aortic Blood Pressure

Background: Arterial stiffness is a strong predictor of mortality in hemodialysis patients. In this study, we aimed to investigate possible relations of arterial stiffness with volume status determined by bioimpedance analysis and aortic blood pressure parameters. Also, effects of a single hemodialysis session on these parameters were studied. Methods: A total of 75 hemodialysis patients (M/F: 43/32; mean age: 53 ± 17) were enrolled. Carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity, augmentation index, and aortic pulse pressure were measured by applanation tonometry before and after hemodialysis. Extracellular fluid and total body fluid volumes were determined by bioimpedance analysis. Results: Carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (9.30 ± 3.30 vs 7.59 ± 2.66 m/s, p < 0.001), augmentation index (24.52 ± 9.42 vs 20.28 ± 10.19, p < 0.001), and aortic pulse pressure (38 ± 14 vs 29 ± 8 mmHg, p < 0.001) significantly decreased after hemodialysis. Pre-dialysis carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity was associated with age (r2 = 0.15, p = 0.01), total cholesterol (r2 = 0.06, p = 0.02), peripheral mean blood pressure (r2 = 0.10, p = 0.005), aortic-mean blood pressure (r2 = 0.06, p = 0.02), aortic pulse pressure (r2 = 0.14, p = 0.001), and extracellular fluid/total body fluid (r2 = 0.30, p < 0.0001). Pre-dialysis augmentation index was associated with total cholesterol (r2 = 0.06, p = 0,02), aortic-mean blood pressure (r2 = 0.16, p < 0.001), and aortic pulse pressure (r2 = 0.22, p < 0.001). Δcarotid-femoral pulse wave velocity was associated with Δaortic-mean blood pressure (r2 = 0.06, p = 0.02) and inversely correlated with baseline carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (r2 = 0.29, p < 0.001). Pre-dialysis Δaugmentation index was significantly associated with Δaortic-mean blood pressure (r2 = 0.09, p = 0.009) and Δaortic pulse pressure (r2 = 0.06, p = 0.03) and inversely associated with baseline augmentation index (r2 = 0.14, p = 0.001). In multiple linear regression analysis (adjusted R2 = 0.46, p < 0.001) to determine the factors predicting Log carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity, extracellular fluid/total body fluid and peripheral mean blood pressure significantly predicted Log carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (p = 0.001 and p = 0.006, respectively). Conclusion: Carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity, augmentation index, and aortic pulse pressure significantly decreased after hemodialysis. Arterial stiffness was associated with both peripheral and aortic blood pressure. Furthermore, reduction in arterial stiffness parameters was related to reduction in aortic blood pressure. Pre-dialysis carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity was associated with volume status determined by bioimpedance analysis. Volume control may improve not only the aortic blood pressure measurements but also arterial stiffness in hemodialysis patients.

Abstract 17389: The Role of Arterial Stiffness in Mediating the Association Between Grip Strength and Cardiovascular Events: The Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study

Circulation ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 138 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheol Ung Choi ◽  
Woohyeun Kim ◽  
Chol Shin ◽  
Jong-il Choi ◽  
Seong Hwan Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arterial Stiffness ◽  
Pulse Wave Velocity ◽  
Grip Strength ◽  
Wave Velocity ◽  
Cardiovascular Events ◽  
Pulse Wave ◽  
Augmentation Index ◽  
Epidemiology Study ◽  
Intima Medial Thickness ◽  
Carotid Intima Medial Thickness

Introduction: Grip strength has been associated with cardiovascular events. However, there have been no exact mechanisms explaining the association between grip strength and cardiovascular events. Hypothesis: The aim of this study was to assess whether arterial stiffness or endothelial function could mediate the association between grip strength and cardiovascular events. Methods: We studied 1508 participants (Age; 60 ± 7, Men; 47.5 %) from the Ansan cohort of the Korean Genome Epidemiology Study. Participants were assessed for grip strength, measured using a Jamar dynamometer. The central blood pressure, the augmentation index, and the pulse wave velocity were evaluated by using an applanation tonometer. Intima medial thickness was measured by B-mode ultrasonogram with a 7.5 MHz linear array transducer. Results: With increasing the grip strength, augmentation index decreased (r= -0.445, p<0.001). Pulse wave velocity (r= -0.044, p=0.109) and carotid intima medial thickness (r= -0.004, p=0.881) had no significant correlation with grip strength. Conclusions: Grip strength was inversely correlated with augmentation index. This result suggests that systemic arterial stiffness could mediate the association between grip strength and cardiovascular events.

scholarly journals Effect of Second hand Smoke on Arterial Stiffness among Healthy Women

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 340-346
Author(s):  
Suriyati Sariban ◽  
Siti Suhaila Mohd Yusoff ◽  
Juwita Shaaban ◽  
Norhayati Mohd Noor ◽  
Harmy Mohamed Yusoff
Keyword(s):  
Arterial Stiffness ◽  
Pulse Wave Velocity ◽  
Cigarette Smoke ◽  
Wave Velocity ◽  
Pulse Wave ◽  
Augmentation Index ◽  
Pulse Wave Analysis ◽  
Second Hand Smoke ◽  
Wave Analysis ◽  
The Mean

Introduction: Arterial stiffness is recognised as a significant cardiovascular risk factor and an independent predictor of all causes of cardiovascular death. Women are the largest population exposed to cigarette smoke either at work or from their partner. The objectives of this study are to compare the arterial stiffness (augmentation index and pulse wave velocity) between second hand smoke (SHS) and non second hand smoke (non-SHS). Designs and method: Comparative cross-sectional study was conducted among 118 healthy female subjects (64 SHS and 54 non- SHS). The women were in the SHS group if their spouse is a smoker and they had an exposure to cigarette smoke for at least three years, minimum of15 minutes two days a week. Pulse wave analysis and pulse wave velocity was used to study the arterial stiffness. Pulse wave analysis reported as percentage of augmentation index. Pulse wave velocity equal to carotid femoral distance (meter) divided by time (second) Results: The mean augmentation index (AIx) for SHS groups was 17.9 (SD7.06) and for non SHS groups was 20.7(SD6.11). The mean of Pulse wave velocity was 8.94 (SD1.36) in SHS groups and 9.02 (SD8.68) in non SHS groups. ANOVA and ANCOVA shown significance difference in crude mean (p = 0.047) and estimated marginal mean (p = 0.028) of augmentation index between SHS and non - SHS after controlling for age and BMI. However, there was no significant difference in crude mean (p = 0.795) and estimated marginal mean (p = 0.716) pulse wave velocity between SHS and non - SHS after controlling for age and BMI. Conclusion: An increase in augmentation index amongst non SHS in this study most probably due to exposure to environmental tobacco at work compared to exposure to spouse’s smoke Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.18(2) 2019 p.340-346

scholarly journals Telomere Length and Arterial Stiffness Reflected by Brachial–Ankle Pulse Wave Velocity: A Population-Based Cross-Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1278
Author(s):  
Kyi Mar Wai ◽  
Sawada Kaori ◽  
Ken Itoh ◽  
Okuyama Shinya ◽  
Yuka Uchikawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arterial Stiffness ◽  
Pulse Wave Velocity ◽  
Wave Velocity ◽  
Pulse Wave ◽  
Tail Length ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Biological Aging ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional

Telomere (TL) is a biomarker of biological aging, and its shortening is associated with major risk factors for cardiovascular diseases (CVD). This study aimed to identify whether TL is associated with arterial stiffness as reflected by brachial–ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV). This population-based cross-sectional study involved 1065 individuals in the Iwaki area, Japan. Total TL length and TL G-tail length were measured by hybridization protection assay. The baPWV was measured on the right and left sides using a non-invasive vascular screening device. The associations between TL and baPWV were assessed by multivariate linear regression. Compared with the shortest total TL tertile, the longest total TL group showed a significant decrease in baPWV (lowest vs. highest tertile: adjusted beta: −41.24, 95% confidence interval (CI): −76.81, −5.68). The mean baPWV decreased with a longer TL (TL G-tail length: p trend < 0.001, total TL: p trend < 0.001). TL G-tail and total TL lengths were inversely associated with baPWV, implicating TL shortening in the development of CVD. This study provides evidence of the factors influencing CVD risks at a very early stage when individuals can still take necessary precautions before CVD gives rise to a symptomatic health outcome.

scholarly journals Brachial-Ankle Pulse Wave Velocity is Associated With the Risk of Osteoporosis: A Cross-Sectional Evidence From A Chinese Community-Based Cohort

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kun Tang ◽  
Qiao Zhang ◽  
Nianchun Peng ◽  
Ying Hu ◽  
Shujing Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Arterial Stiffness ◽  
Pulse Wave Velocity ◽  
Wave Velocity ◽  
Pulse Wave ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Self Assessment ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background: Association of arterial stiffness and osteoporosis has been investigated in Chinese population. However, the relationship between arterial stiffness and osteoporosis by measuring brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) and the Osteoporosis Self‐assessment Tool for Asia (OSTA) index is not established. The object of this study was to evaluate possible associations between baPWV and the risk of osteoporosis and bone fracture among a population of Chinese. Whether baPWV can be used as a predictor of osteoporosis on OSTA was further assessed. Methods: This study was cross-sectional in design. Of 3,984 adults aged 40 years and older in the Yunyan district of Guiyang (Guizhou, China) who underwent both OSTA and baPWV measurements within one month , 1,407 were deemed eligible for inclusion (women: 1,088, men: 319) . Results: The mean baPWV was 1,475 ± 302 cm/s (range,766-3,459cm/s). baPWV in 110 individuals with high risk of osteoporosis (OSTA index < -4) was higher than that of individuals with non-high risk (1,733 ± 461 cm/s versus 1,447 ± 304 cm/s, P<0.001). OSTA index was negatively correlated with baPWV（ρ = -0.296，P < 0.001）after adjusting for age, sex, body mass index, waist circumference, diastolic blood pressure and creatinine clearance rate. baPWV was an independent predictor for the presence of high risk of osteoporosis (β = -0.001, P < 0.001) and the optimal baPWV cut-off value for predicting the presence of high risk of osteoporosis and fracture was 1,693 cm/s. The AUC was 0.722 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.667‐0.777; P < 0.001). Conclusions: We conclude that arterial stiffness measured by baPWV is well correlated with the severity of osteoporosis evaluated by OSTA. baPWV index may be a valuable tool for identifying individuals with risk of developing osteoporosis.

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