scholarly journals Myocardial Expression of a Dominant-Negative Form of Daxx Decreases Infarct Size and Attenuates Apoptosis in an In Vivo Mouse Model of Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury

Circulation ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 116 (23) ◽  
pp. 2709-2717 ◽  
Author(s):  
François Roubille ◽  
Stéphane Combes ◽  
Juani Leal-Sanchez ◽  
Christian Barrère; ◽  
Frédéric Cransac ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mouse Model ◽  
Infarct Size ◽  
Reperfusion Injury ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion Injury ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Dominant Negative ◽  
Dominant Negative Form ◽  
Negative Form

scholarly journals Intravenous Sphingosylphosphorylcholine Protects Ischemic and Postischemic Myocardial Tissue in a Mouse Model of Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Herzog ◽  
Martina Schmitz ◽  
Bodo Levkau ◽  
Ilka Herrgott ◽  
Jan Mersmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Ischemia ◽  
Mouse Model ◽  
Infarct Size ◽  
Reperfusion Injury ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion Injury ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Polymorphonuclear Neutrophil ◽  
Myocardial Ischemia Reperfusion

HDL, through sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), exerts direct cardioprotective effects on ischemic myocardium. It remains unclear whether other HDL-associated sphingophospholipids have similar effects. We therefore examined if HDL-associated sphingosylphosphorylcholine (SPC) reduces infarct size in a mouse model of transient myocardial ischemia/reperfusion. Intravenously administered SPC dose-dependently reduced infarct size after 30 minutes of myocardial ischemia and 24 hours reperfusion compared to controls. Infarct size was also reduced by postischemic, therapeutical administration of SPC. Immunohistochemistry revealed reduced polymorphonuclear neutrophil recruitment to the infarcted area after SPC treatment, and apoptosis was attenuated as measured by TUNEL.In vitro, SPC inhibited leukocyte adhesion to TNFα-activated endothelial cells and protected rat neonatal cardiomyocytes from apoptosis. S1P3was identified as the lysophospholipid receptor mediating the cardioprotection by SPC, since its effect was completely absent in S1P3-deficient mice. We conclude that HDL-associated SPC directly protects against myocardial reperfusion injuryin vivovia the S1P3receptor.

scholarly journals Cardioprotective Effect of Novel Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitors

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (19) ◽  
pp. 6990
Author(s):  
Kamilla Gömöri ◽  
Tamara Szabados ◽  
Éva Kenyeres ◽  
Judit Pipis ◽  
Imre Földesi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Matrix Metalloproteinase ◽  
Infarct Size ◽  
Reperfusion Injury ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion Injury ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 ◽  
Area At Risk ◽  
Triphenyltetrazolium Chloride

Background: We recently developed novel matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) inhibitor small molecules for cardioprotection against ischemia/reperfusion injury and validated their efficacy in ischemia/reperfusion injury in cardiac myocytes. The aim of the present study was to test our lead compounds for cardioprotection in vivo in a rat model of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in the presence or absence of hypercholesterolemia, one of the major comorbidities affecting cardioprotection. Methods: Normocholesterolemic adult male Wistar rats were subjected to 30 min of coronary occlusion followed by 120 min of reperfusion to induce AMI. MMP inhibitors (MMPI)-1154 and -1260 at 0.3, 1, and 3 µmol/kg, MMPI-1248 at 1, 3, and 10 µmol/kg were administered at the 25th min of ischemia intravenously. In separate groups, hypercholesterolemia was induced by a 12-week diet (2% cholesterol, 0.25% cholic acid), then the rats were subjected to the same AMI protocol and single doses of the MMPIs that showed the most efficacy in normocholesterolemic animals were tested in the hypercholesterolemic animals. Infarct size/area at risk was assessed at the end of reperfusion in all groups by standard Evans blue and 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining, and myocardial microvascular obstruction (MVO) was determined by thioflavine-S staining. Results: MMPI-1154 at 1 µmol/kg, MMPI-1260 at 3 µmol/kg and ischemic preconditioning (IPC) as the positive control reduced infarct size significantly; however, this effect was not seen in hypercholesterolemic animals. MVO in hypercholesterolemic animals decreased by IPC only. Conclusions: This is the first demonstration that MMPI-1154 and MMPI-1260 showed a dose-dependent infarct size reduction in an in vivo rat AMI model; however, single doses that showed the most efficacy in normocholesterolemic animals were abolished by hypercholesterolemia. The further development of these promising cardioprotective MMPIs should be continued with different dose ranges in the study of hypercholesterolemia and other comorbidities.

scholarly journals Transient Receptor Potential Ankyrin 1 Activation within the Cardiac Myocyte Limits Ischemia–reperfusion Injury in Rodents

2016 ◽  
Vol 125 (6) ◽  
pp. 1171-1180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yao Lu ◽  
Honit Piplani ◽  
Stacy L. McAllister ◽  
Carl M. Hurt ◽  
Eric R. Gross
Keyword(s):  
Infarct Size ◽  
Reperfusion Injury ◽  
Cardiac Myocytes ◽  
Cardiac Myocyte ◽  
Transient Receptor Potential ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion Injury ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Cardiac Injury ◽  
In Vivo Model

Abstract Background Recent evidence suggests that cross talk exists between cellular pathways important for pain signaling and ischemia–reperfusion injury. Here, the authors address whether the transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) channel, important in pain signaling, is present in cardiac myocytes and regulates cardiac ischemia–reperfusion injury. Methods For biochemical analysis of TRPA1, techniques including quantitative polymerase chain reaction, Western blot, and immunofluorescence were used. To determine how TRPA1 mediates cellular injury, the authors used an in vivo model of rat cardiac ischemia–reperfusion injury and adult rat–isolated cardiac myocytes subjected to hypoxia–reoxygenation. Results The authors’ biochemical analysis indicates that TRPA1 is within the cardiac myocytes. Further, using a rat in vivo model of cardiac injury, the TRPA1 activators ASP 7663 and optovin reduce myocardial injury (45 ± 5%* and 44 ± 8%,* respectively, vs. control, 66 ± 6% infarct size/area at risk; n = 6 per group; mean ± SD; *P < 0.001). TRPA1 inhibition also blocked the infarct size–sparing effects of morphine. In isolated cardiac myocytes, the TRPA1 activators ASP 7663 and optovin reduce cardiac myocyte cell death when given during reoxygenation (20 ± 3%* and 22 ± 4%* vs. 36 ± 3%; percentage of dead cells per field, n = 6 per group; mean ± SD; *P < 0.05). For a rat in vivo model of cardiac injury, the infarct size–sparing effect of TRPA1 activators also occurs during reperfusion. Conclusions The authors’ data suggest that TRPA1 is present within the cardiac myocytes and is important in regulating myocardial reperfusion injury. The presence of TRPA1 within the cardiac myocytes may potentially explain why certain pain relievers that can block TRPA1 activation, such as cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors or some nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs, could be associated with cardiovascular risk.

Cardioprotective effect of rosuvastatin in vivo is dependent on inhibition of geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate and altered RhoA membrane translocation

2007 ◽  
Vol 292 (6) ◽  
pp. H3158-H3163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aliaksandr Bulhak ◽  
Joy Roy ◽  
Ulf Hedin ◽  
Per-Ove Sjöquist ◽  
John Pernow
Keyword(s):  
Infarct Size ◽  
Reperfusion Injury ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion Injury ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Cardioprotective Effect ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Geranylgeranyl Pyrophosphate ◽  
Rhoa Protein ◽  
Coa Reductase

Hydroxymethyl glutaryl (HMG)-coenzyme A (CoA) reductase inhibitors (statins) protect the myocardium against ischemia-reperfusion injury via a mechanism unrelated to cholesterol lowering. Statins may inhibit isoprenylation and thereby prevent activation of proteins such as RhoA. We hypothesized that statins protect the myocardium against ischemia-reperfusion injury via a mechanism involving inhibition of geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate synthesis and translocation of RhoA to the plasma membrane. Sprague-Dawley rats were given either the HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor rosuvastatin, geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate dissolved in methanol, the combination of rosuvastatin and geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate, rosuvastatin and methanol, or distilled water (control) by intraperitoneal injection for 48 h before ischemia-reperfusion. Animals were anesthetized and either subjected to 30 min of coronary artery occlusion followed by 2 h of reperfusion whereat infarct size was determined, or the expression of RhoA protein was determined in cytosolic and membrane fractions of nonischemic myocardium. There were no significant differences in hemodynamics between the control group and the other groups before ischemia or during ischemia and reperfusion. The infarct size was 80 ± 3% of the area at risk in the control group. Rosuvastatin reduced infarct size to 64 ± 2% ( P < 0.001 vs. control). Addition of geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate (77 ± 2%, P < 0.01 vs. rosuvastatin) but not methanol (65 ± 2%, not significant vs. rosuvastatin) abolished the cardioprotective effect of rosuvastatin. Geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate alone did not affect infarct size per se (84 ± 2%). Rosuvastatin increased the cytosol-to-membrane ratio of RhoA protein in the myocardium ( P < 0.05 vs. control). These changes were abolished by addition of geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate. We conclude that the cardioprotection and the increase of the RhoA cytosol-to-membrane ratio induced by rosuvastatin in vivo are blocked by geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate. The inhibition of geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate formation and subsequent modulation of cytosol/membrane-bound RhoA are of importance for the protective effect of statins against myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury.

Activation of estrogen receptor-α protects the in vivo rabbit heart from ischemia-reperfusion injury

2005 ◽  
Vol 289 (5) ◽  
pp. H2039-H2047 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erin A. Booth ◽  
Nabeel R. Obeid ◽  
Benedict R. Lucchesi
Keyword(s):  
Estrogen Receptor ◽  
Infarct Size ◽  
Reperfusion Injury ◽  
Troponin I ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion Injury ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Rabbit Model ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Cardioprotective Effects

The estrogen receptor (ER) mediates estrogenic activity in a variety of organs, including those in the reproductive, cardiovascular, immune, and central nervous systems. Experimental studies have demonstrated that 17β-estradiol (E2) protects the heart from ischemia-reperfusion injury. Two estrogen receptors, ERα and ERβ, mediate the actions of estrogen; however, it is not certain which ER mediates the cardioprotective effects of E2. In the present study, the ER-selective agonists 4,4′,4′′-[4-propyl-(1 H)-pyrazole-1,3,5-triyl]tris-phenol (PPT; ERα) and 2,3-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-propionitrile (DPN; ERβ) were assessed for their cardioprotective potential in an in vivo rabbit model of ischemia-reperfusion injury. Anesthetized female rabbits were administered PPT (3 mg/kg), DPN (3 mg/kg), E2 (20 μg/rabbit), or vehicle intravenously 30 min before a 30-min occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery followed by 4 h of reperfusion. Acute treatment with E2 (17.7 ± 2.9%; P < 0.001) and PPT (18.1 ± 2.9%; P < 0.001), but not DPN (45.3 ± 2.4%) significantly decreased infarct size as a percent of area at risk compared with vehicle (45.3 ± 2.4%). Coadministration of PPT or E2 with the ER antagonist ICI-182,780 limited the infarct size-sparing effect of the compounds (43.8 ± 6.6% and 40.6 ± 5.7% respectively, expressed as a percentage of risk region). PPT reduced the release of cardiac-specific troponin-I and reduced the tissue deposition of the membrane attack complex and C-reactive protein similar to that of E2. The results indicate that activation of ERα, but not ERβ, is required for the observed cardioprotective effects of E2.

The intermediary metabolite pyruvate attenuates stunning and reduces infarct size in in vivo porcine myocardium

2004 ◽  
Vol 286 (2) ◽  
pp. H517-H524 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gentian Kristo ◽  
Yukihiro Yoshimura ◽  
Jianli Niu ◽  
Byron J. Keith ◽  
Robert M. Mentzer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Ischemia ◽  
Infarct Size ◽  
Reperfusion Injury ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion Injury ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Group I ◽  
Intermediary Metabolite ◽  
Myocardial Ischemia Reperfusion Injury ◽  
Myocardial Ischemia Reperfusion

The intermediary metabolite pyruvate has been shown to exert significant beneficial effects in in vitro models of myocardial oxidative stress and ischemia-reperfusion injury. However, there have been few reports of the ability of pyruvate to attenuate myocardial stunning or reduce infarct size in vivo. This study tested whether supraphysiological levels of pyruvate protect against reversible and irreversible in vivo myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. Anesthetized, open-chest pigs ( n = 7/group) underwent 15 min of left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) occlusion and 3 h of reperfusion to induce stunning. Load-insensitive contractility measurements of regional preload recruitable stroke work (PRSW) and PRSW area (PRSWA) were generated. Vehicle or pyruvate (100 mg/kg iv bolus + 10 mg·kg–1·min–1 intra-atrial infusion) was administered during ischemia and for the first hour of reperfusion. In infarct studies, pigs ( n = 6/group) underwent 1 h of LAD ischemia and 3 h of reperfusion. Group I pigs received vehicle or pyruvate for 30 min before and throughout ischemia. In group II, the infusion was extended through 1 h of reperfusion. In the stunning protocol, pyruvate significantly improved the recovery of PRSWA at 1 h (50 ± 4% vs. 23 ± 3% in controls) and 3 h (69 ± 5% vs. 39 ± 3% in controls) reperfusion. Control pigs exhibited infarct sizes of 66 ± 1% of the area at risk. The pyruvate I protocol was associated with an infarct size of 49 ± 3% ( P < 0.05), whereas the pyruvate II protocol was associated with an infarct size of 30 ± 2% ( P < 0.05 vs. control and pyruvate I). These findings suggest that pyruvate attenuates stunning and decreases myocardial infarction in vivo in part by reduction of reperfusion injury. Metabolic interventions such as pyruvate should be considered when designing the optimal therapeutic strategies for limiting myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury.

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